[
 {
  "id": "14010291945",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1945-10-29",
  "year": 1945,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1945-10-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“Linhares In Power After Brazil Coup,” October 30, 1945",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Vargas Held After Ouster In Rio Coup: Resigns Vargas Guarded After Ouster in Rio Coup At Helm",
   "Until Dec. 2 ‘Reconstructive’ Step Halled Sudden Move What Next at Rio?” October 30, 1945",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“President Vargas Ousted in Military Coup,” October 31, 1945",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Brazil Swears In New President; Coup Explained,” October 31, 1945"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14010291945",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.06,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Linhares In Power After Brazil Coup,” October 30, 1945"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Vargas Held After Ouster In Rio Coup: Resigns Vargas Guarded After Ouster in Rio Coup At Helm Until Dec. 2 ‘Reconstructive’ Step Halled Sudden Move What Next at Rio?” October 30, 1945"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Vargas Ousted in Military Coup,” October 31, 1945"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil Swears In New President; Coup Explained,” October 31, 1945"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04101111946",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1946-01-11",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1946-01-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C 3%89 lie_Lescot",
   "• New York Times",
   "“HAITI PLANS ELECTION OF NEW LEGISLATURE,” January 15, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04101111946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie_Lescot"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HAITI PLANS ELECTION OF NEW LEGISLATURE,” January 15, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506131946",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1946-06-13",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1946-06-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Minneapolis Star",
   "“Bolivian Air Revolt Smashed in 7 Hours,” June 14, 1946",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Government Ends An Army Revolt,” June 14, 1946",
   "“5 Dead, 11 Wounded In Bolivian Uprising,” June 15, 1946",
   "• Toronto Daily Star",
   "“Bolivia 7-Hour Revolt Fails, Fliers Skip to Chile and Peru,” June 14, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506131946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Minneapolis Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Air Revolt Smashed in 7 Hours,” June 14, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Government Ends An Army Revolt,” June 14, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“5 Dead, 11 Wounded In Bolivian Uprising,” June 15, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Daily Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia 7-Hour Revolt Fails, Fliers Skip to Chile and Peru,” June 14, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09406251946",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1946-06-25",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Costa Rica on 1946-06-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Costa Rica Puts Down Revolutionary Attempt,” June 26, 1946",
   "“Guatemala coup fails Arevalo Regime foils plotters - 70 seized in Costa Rica,” June 27, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09406251946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica Puts Down Revolutionary Attempt,” June 26, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala coup fails Arevalo Regime foils plotters - 70 seized in Costa Rica,” June 27, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09006261946",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1946-06-26",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Arevalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1946-06-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Arevalo Regime foils plotters,” June 27, 1946",
   "“Two Guatemalans Get 10 Years,” July 15, 1946",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“The World’s Day,” June 27, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09006261946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Arevalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1944-12-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arevalo Regime foils plotters,” June 27, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Two Guatemalans Get 10 Years,” July 15, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The World’s Day,” June 27, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14507211946",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1946-07-21",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Bolivia on 1946-07-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualberto_Villarroel",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivians Install a Liberal regime; Pledge Free vote,” July 23, 1946",
   "“New Bolivia President,” August 17, 1946",
   "“MONJE GOVERNMENT IS SWORN IN BOLIVIA,” August 27, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14507211946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualberto_Villarroel"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivians Install a Liberal regime; Pledge Free vote,” July 23, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Bolivia President,” August 17, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“MONJE GOVERNMENT IS SWORN IN BOLIVIA,” August 27, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "21208021946",
  "country": "Luxembourg",
  "country_iso3": "LUX",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1946-08-02",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Dupong",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Luxembourg on 1946-08-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Luxembourg Reported To Have Uncovered Plot,” August 3, 1946",
   "“Man Freed in Luxembourg Plot,” August 13, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 6.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "21208021946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dupong",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Luxembourg Reported To Have Uncovered Plot,” August 3, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Man Freed in Luxembourg Plot,” August 13, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "33909091946",
  "country": "Albania",
  "country_iso3": "ALB",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1946-09-09",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Hoxha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Albania on 1946-09-09, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Arms Aid’ Plot Alleged,” September 29, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 20.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "33909091946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hoxha",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1945-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 281,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.04,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arms Aid’ Plot Alleged,” September 29, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10109161946",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1946-09-16",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1946-09-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“4 VENEZUELANS SLAIN IN BRIEF ARMY REVOLT,” September 18, 1946",
   "• South China Morning Post & the Hongkong Telegraph",
   "“REVOLT IN VENEZUELA: Four Insurrection Ists Killed In Brief Outbreak,” September 19, 1946",
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Venezuela Revolt Nipped,” September 18, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10109161946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“4 VENEZUELANS SLAIN IN BRIEF ARMY REVOLT,” September 18, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post & the Hongkong Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN VENEZUELA: Four Insurrection Ists Killed In Brief Outbreak,” September 19, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Revolt Nipped,” September 18, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10111011946",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1946-11-01",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Venezuela on 1946-11-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela puts down counter-revo ulti on,” November 2, 1946",
   "“Venezuelan Flees From Prison,” November 13, 1946",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“9 Seized in Plot To Overthrow Venezuela Rule,” November 3, 1946",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Revolt planned in Venezuela,” November 4, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10111011946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela puts down counter-revo ulti on,” November 2, 1946"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelan Flees From Prison,” November 13, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“9 Seized in Plot To Overthrow Venezuela Rule,” November 3, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt planned in Venezuela,” November 4, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10112111946",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1946-12-11",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1946-12-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Venezuela’s Left Government Still Stands Despite Uprising,” by Robert K. Shellaby, December 12,",
   "1946",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Venezuela Ends 12-Hour Revolt as Rebels Flee,” December 12, 1946",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Quells Revolt by Army; Rebels Seize Planes, Gun Capital, December 12, 1946",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Rebels Attempt to Seize Reins in Venezuela,” by Sam Dawson, December 21, 1946"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10112111946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela’s Left Government Still Stands Despite Uprising,” by Robert K. Shellaby, December 12, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Ends 12-Hour Revolt as Rebels Flee,” December 12, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Quells Revolt by Army; Rebels Seize Planes, Gun Capital, December 12, 1946"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Attempt to Seize Reins in Venezuela,” by Sam Dawson, December 21, 1946"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31012311946",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1946-12-31",
  "year": 1946,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Rakoski",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Hungary on 1946-12-31, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“HUNGARY REPORTS PLOT TO RESTORE HORTHY TO POWER HUNGARY REPORTS PRO-",
   "HORTHY PLOT Interior Minister,” by Albion Ross, January 5, 1947",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Reds arrest 55 in alleged Hungary plot,’ January 5, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31012311946",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rakoski",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HUNGARY REPORTS PLOT TO RESTORE HORTHY TO POWER HUNGARY REPORTS PROHORTHY PLOT Interior Minister,” by Albion Ross, January 5, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reds arrest 55 in alleged Hungary plot,’ January 5, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15003071947",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-03-07",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1947-03-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Article 2 – No Title,” April 8, 1947 “Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June",
   "4, 1948",
   "“Paraguay Elects one-Party Ticket,” February 16, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15003071947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Article 2 – No Title,” April 8, 1947 “Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June 4, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Elects one-Party Ticket,” February 16, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13003141947",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-03-14",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ecuador on 1947-03-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Ecuador Revolt Put Down,” March 15, 1947",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ecuador Quells Insurrection,” March 17, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13003141947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Revolt Put Down,” March 15, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Quells Insurrection,” March 17, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15004301947",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-04-30",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1947-04-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War",
   "• New York Times",
   "“REVOLT IN ASUNCION IS REPORTED QUASHED,” May 3, 1947",
   "“Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June 4, 1948",
   "“Paraguay Elects one-Party Ticket,” February 16, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15004301947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan_Civil_War"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN ASUNCION IS REPORTED QUASHED,” May 3, 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June 4, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Elects one-Party Ticket,” February 16, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09305251947",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1947-05-25",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nicaragua on 1947-05-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Arg%C 3%BCello_Barreto",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Somoza Resumes Rule in Nicaragua,” May 27 1947",
   "“New Elections Likely,” June 4, 1947",
   "“SOMOZA TO RUN AGAIN His Candidacy for President of Nicaragua Announced,” February 13,",
   "1950",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Nicaragua Inaugurates Arguello as President,” May 2, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09305251947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1947-02-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 112,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Arg%C3%BCello_Barreto"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somoza Resumes Rule in Nicaragua,” May 27 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Elections Likely,” June 4, 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SOMOZA TO RUN AGAIN His Candidacy for President of Nicaragua Announced,” February 13, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua Inaugurates Arguello as President,” May 2, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505291947",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-05-29",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1947-05-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Ex-Minister Seized,” May 29, 1947",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Vanguard To Be Refitted,” May 29, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505291947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 144,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Ex-Minister Seized,” May 29, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Vanguard To Be Refitted,” May 29, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31005311947",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1947-05-31",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Rakoski",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Hungary on 1947-05-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Nagy",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Hungarian Chief Out of Office; Red Coup Seen,” May 30, 1947",
   "“Hungary Puts Out Communist Leader, Rakosi,” July 19, 1956",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Reds Said to Oust Hungary’s Premier,” May 30, 1947",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The Soviet Definition of Democracy,” by Anne O’Hare McCormick, May 31, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31005311947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rakoski",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Nagy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hungarian Chief Out of Office; Red Coup Seen,” May 30, 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Hungary Puts Out Communist Leader, Rakosi,” July 19, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reds Said to Oust Hungary’s Premier,” May 30, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Soviet Definition of Democracy,” by Anne O’Hare McCormick, May 31, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "32506221947",
  "country": "Italy",
  "country_iso3": "ITA",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1947-06-22",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "de Gasperi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Italy on 1947-06-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Fascist Movement Again In Italy: LEADERS ARRESTED,” June 25, 1947",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“ITALY UNCOVERS FASCIST TERROR PLOT; 24 HELD,” June 23, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.9,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "32506221947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "de Gasperi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fascist Movement Again In Italy: LEADERS ARRESTED,” June 25, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ITALY UNCOVERS FASCIST TERROR PLOT; 24 HELD,” June 23, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13008231947",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-08-23",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Ecuador on 1947-08-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C 3%A 9_Mar%C 3%ADa_Velasco_Ibarra",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ECUADOR GETS CABINET; Five Members Are Sworn In by Leader of Bloodless Coup,” August",
   "28, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13008231947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Velasco_Ibarra"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR GETS CABINET; Five Members Are Sworn In by Leader of Bloodless Coup,” August 28, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13009031947",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-09-03",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1947-09-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Mancheno_Cajas",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mancheno Regime Ousted in Ecuador,” September 3, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13009031947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Mancheno_Cajas"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mancheno Regime Ousted in Ecuador,” September 3, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10109121947",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1947-09-12",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Venezuela on 1947-09-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "Venezuela Says It Has Quelled Revolt in Oil Port of La Cruz, September 13, 1947",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuelan Revolt Crushed, Many Held,” September 13, 1947",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Venezuelan Revolt,” September 14, 1947",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Revolt Put Down in Venezuela,” September 13, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10109121947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "Venezuela Says It Has Quelled Revolt in Oil Port of La Cruz, September 13, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelan Revolt Crushed, Many Held,” September 13, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelan Revolt,” September 14, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Put Down in Venezuela,” September 13, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31509131947",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1947-09-13",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Czechoslovakia on 1947-09-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CZECHS SEIZE 80 TO FORESTALL COUP Plot Against Benes Reported Foiled – Prague Sees",
   "Claim a Communist Exaggeration,” September 16, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31509131947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CZECHS SEIZE 80 TO FORESTALL COUP Plot Against Benes Reported Foiled – Prague Sees Claim a Communist Exaggeration,” September 16, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04009211947",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1947-09-21",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cuba on 1947-09-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“CUBAN POLICE SEIZE LARGE ARMS CACHE; 13 Truckloads of Weapons Reported Found on",
   "Ranch of Presidential Aide,” September 22, 1947",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Cache of arms reveals Cuban plot to revolt,” September 22, 1947",
   "“Minister flees Cuba after Army reveals revolutionary plot,” September 24, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04009211947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CUBAN POLICE SEIZE LARGE ARMS CACHE; 13 Truckloads of Weapons Reported Found on Ranch of Presidential Aide,” September 22, 1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cache of arms reveals Cuban plot to revolt,” September 22, 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Minister flees Cuba after Army reveals revolutionary plot,” September 24, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80011081947",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1947-11-08",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1947-11-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (9 Novemebr 1947)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_of_1947",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ananda Murdered, Siamese Declare,” November 17, 1947",
   "“Siam’s Army Seizes Country in a Coup,” November 9, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80011081947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (9 Novemebr 1947)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1947"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ananda Murdered, Siamese Declare,” November 17, 1947"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Siam’s Army Seizes Country in a Coup,” November 9, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80011161947",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1947-11-16",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Thailand on 1947-11-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PLOT FORESTALLED, BANGKOK DECLARES: Siamese Army Makes Arrests – Also Revives",
   "Charges in Case of Ananda’s Death,” November 16, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80011161947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PLOT FORESTALLED, BANGKOK DECLARES: Siamese Army Makes Arrests – Also Revives Charges in Case of Ananda’s Death,” November 16, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65112231947",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1947-12-23",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Farouk",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1947-12-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“ARMY PLOT IN EGYPT DETAILED BY INQUIRY,” December 24, 1947"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65112231947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Farouk",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARMY PLOT IN EGYPT DETAILED BY INQUIRY,” December 24, 1947"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36012311947",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1947-12-31",
  "year": 1947,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Georghiu-Dej",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Romania on 1947-12-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Romania",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Michael Says He Is King, Victim Of A Foreign Ouster Before Leaving London For New York He Stresses",
   "He Is Not Bound by Rumanian Abdication Obtained Under Pressure FORMER KING OF RUMA-",
   "NIA RENOUNCES HIS ABDICATION MICHAEL ASSERTS HE IS STILL KING,” by Herbert L.",
   "Matthews, March 5, 1948",
   "“Moscow’s Control Clear,” July 6, 1952",
   "“Red Leader Named Premier of Romania,” June 3, 1952",
   "“Georghe Georghiu-Dej Dies; Rumania’s Chief of State, 63,” March 20, 1965",
   "“New Satellite Purge Tightens Kremlin Grip,” by C.L.Sulzberger, June 8, 1952",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“I was forced to Quit Throne Says Michael,” March 5, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36012311947",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Georghiu-Dej",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Romania"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Michael Says He Is King, Victim Of A Foreign Ouster Before Leaving London For New York He Stresses He Is Not Bound by Rumanian Abdication Obtained Under Pressure FORMER KING OF RUMANIA RENOUNCES HIS ABDICATION MICHAEL ASSERTS HE IS STILL KING,” by Herbert L. Matthews, March 5, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Moscow’s Control Clear,” July 6, 1952"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Red Leader Named Premier of Romania,” June 3, 1952"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Georghe Georghiu-Dej Dies; Rumania’s Chief of State, 63,” March 20, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Satellite Purge Tightens Kremlin Grip,” by C.L.Sulzberger, June 8, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“I was forced to Quit Throne Says Michael,” March 5, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67802171948",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1948-02-17",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1948-02-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Imam of Yemen 9 3 Sons Dead; Coup by Another Son Suspected: Rebellious Son Becomes Premier,",
   "and Religious Leader Is Named King,” February 20, 1948",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Mystery Of Yemen King’s Death Deepens,” February 22, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67802171948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Imam of Yemen 9 3 Sons Dead; Coup by Another Son Suspected: Rebellious Son Becomes Premier, and Religious Leader Is Named King,” February 20, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mystery Of Yemen King’s Death Deepens,” February 22, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31502251948",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1948-02-25",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Czechoslovakia on 1948-02-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C 5%A 1",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_of_1948",
   "• New York Times",
   "“BENES LOST TWICE TO TOTALITARIANS A Founder of Czech Republic, He Could Not Save",
   "Country in 1938 and Last February FLED AFTER MUNICH CRISIS Yielded to Communists After",
   "Holding Out for Five Days, Then Stayed in Seclusion,” September 4, 1948",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Benes Quits in Protest at Rule by Reds,” June 8, 1948",
   "“Reds Win 89 Pct.of Czech Vote; Benes May Quit,” June 1, 1948",
   "“Gottwald Dies; West Suspects Red Foul Play,” March 15, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31502251948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BENES LOST TWICE TO TOTALITARIANS A Founder of Czech Republic, He Could Not Save Country in 1938 and Last February FLED AFTER MUNICH CRISIS Yielded to Communists After Holding Out for Five Days, Then Stayed in Seclusion,” September 4, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benes Quits in Protest at Rule by Reds,” June 8, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Reds Win 89 Pct.of Czech Vote; Benes May Quit,” June 1, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gottwald Dies; West Suspects Red Foul Play,” March 15, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15004111948",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-04-11",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Paraguay on 1948-04-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higinio_Mor%C 3%AD%C 3%B 1 igo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PARAGUAY ANNOUNCES FRUSTRATION OF PLOT,” April 21, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15004111948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higinio_Mor%C3%AD%C3%B1igo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PARAGUAY ANNOUNCES FRUSTRATION OF PLOT,” April 21, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09404251948",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1948-04-25",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Costa Rica on 1948-04-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Picado_Michalski",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos_Figueres_Ferrer",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Rebels enter capital, take over Costa Rica,” April 25, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09404251948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1948-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 77,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Picado_Michalski"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos_Figueres_Ferrer"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels enter capital, take over Costa Rica,” April 25, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09405081948",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1948-05-08",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Costa Rica on 1948-05-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C 3%A 9_Figueres_Ferrer",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Victorious Rebels Occupy San Jose,” April 25, 1948",
   "“Rivals Blow to Ulate, but Junta will Rule,” May 3, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09405081948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1948-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 90,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Victorious Rebels Occupy San Jose,” April 25, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rivals Blow to Ulate, but Junta will Rule,” May 3, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15006031948",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-06-03",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1948-06-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higinio_Mor%C 3%AD%C 3%B 1 igo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June 4, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15006031948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higinio_Mor%C3%AD%C3%B1igo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay deposes Morinigo after an 8 year Dictatorship,” June 4, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13507051948",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-07-05",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1948-07-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Sun",
   "“PERU CURBS FREEDOMS: Constitutional Guarantees Suspended After Revolt,” July 6, 1948",
   "• The New York Times",
   "“REVOLT LAUNCHED IN SOUTHERN PERU: Basic Liberties Suspended as 2 Army Garrisons",
   "Rebel – Most of Troops Loyal,” July 6, 1948 “3-Day Peruvian Revolt Ends as Leader Flees,” July 8,",
   "1948 “CURBS IN PERU REMOVED: Government Announces Uprising Has Been Suppressed,” July",
   "10, 1948",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“REVOLT IN PERU ENDS; REPORT LEADER FLEEING: Trials Started Under Courts Martial,”",
   "July 8, 1948",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“REVOLT IN PERU: By Army Garrisons At Puno And Julia Ca Precautions Taken Lima, July",
   "5,” July 7, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13507051948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1945-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1121,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PERU CURBS FREEDOMS: Constitutional Guarantees Suspended After Revolt,” July 6, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT LAUNCHED IN SOUTHERN PERU: Basic Liberties Suspended as 2 Army Garrisons Rebel – Most of Troops Loyal,” July 6, 1948 “3-Day Peruvian Revolt Ends as Leader Flees,” July 8, 1948 “CURBS IN PERU REMOVED: Government Announces Uprising Has Been Suppressed,” July 10, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN PERU ENDS; REPORT LEADER FLEEING: Trials Started Under Courts Martial,” July 8, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN PERU: By Army Garrisons At Puno And Julia Ca Precautions Taken Lima, July 5,” July 7, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77508091948",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1948-08-09",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "U Nu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Myanmar on 1948-08-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Manchester Guardian",
   "“ATTEMPTED MARCH ON RANGOON: Plot that Failed,” August 14, 1948",
   "• New York Times",
   "“BURMA FOILS COUP BID AND ROUTS MUTINEERS,” August 14, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77508091948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "U Nu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1947-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 488,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ATTEMPTED MARCH ON RANGOON: Plot that Failed,” August 14, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BURMA FOILS COUP BID AND ROUTS MUTINEERS,” August 14, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80009301948",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1948-09-30",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1948-09-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Siam Arrests Ex-Premier; Widespread Plot Alleged: Siam’s King Injured,” October 5, 1948",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“ARRESTS IN SIAM: Former Premier Among Coup Suspects,” October 6, 1948",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Siam Arrests Ex-Premier: Former Ambassador to Britain Also Is Accused of Plot,” October 5, 1948",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Siam Plot Uncovered,” October 2, 1948",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Siam’s Bloodless Revolt,” October 5, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80009301948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1948-01-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 245,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Siam Arrests Ex-Premier; Widespread Plot Alleged: Siam’s King Injured,” October 5, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARRESTS IN SIAM: Former Premier Among Coup Suspects,” October 6, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Siam Arrests Ex-Premier: Former Ambassador to Britain Also Is Accused of Plot,” October 5, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Siam Plot Uncovered,” October 2, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Siam’s Bloodless Revolt,” October 5, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13510041948",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-10-04",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1948-10-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C 3%A 9_Bustamante_y_Rivero",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Peru Sentences Rebel Group,” March 23, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13510041948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1945-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1212,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bustamante_y_Rivero"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru Sentences Rebel Group,” March 23, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15010251948",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-10-25",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1948-10-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Natalicio_Gonz%C 3%A 1 lez",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“What’s News– Business and Finance World Wide,” October 26, 1948",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Paraguay Quells Military Revolt; Leader Captured,” October 26, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15010251948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Natalicio_Gonz%C3%A1lez"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“What’s News– Business and Finance World Wide,” October 26, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Quells Military Revolt; Leader Captured,” October 26, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13510291948",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-10-29",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1948-10-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (27 October 1948)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C 3%A 9_Bustamante_y_Rivero",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Five Peruvian Army Units revolt in Arequipa,” October 28, 1948",
   "“Peru- Right and Left,” October 30, 1948",
   "“Peru’s Army wins three-day revolt,” October 30, 1948",
   "“New Peruvian Revolt Denied,” November 2, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13510291948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1945-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1237,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (27 October 1948)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bustamante_y_Rivero"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Five Peruvian Army Units revolt in Arequipa,” October 28, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru- Right and Left,” October 30, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s Army wins three-day revolt,” October 30, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Peruvian Revolt Denied,” November 2, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15510311948",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-10-31",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gonzalez Videla",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Chile on 1948-10-31, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Gonz%C 3%A 1 lez_Videla",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CHILE SEIZES 2 GENERALS: Accuses Them of Plot Against the Gonzales Regime,” November 2,",
   "1948",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“CHILE CHARGES TWO GENERALS WITH PLOT AGAINST GOVERNMENT,” November 2,",
   "1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15510311948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gonzalez Videla",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1946-10-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 738,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Videla"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CHILE SEIZES 2 GENERALS: Accuses Them of Plot Against the Gonzales Regime,” November 2, 1948"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CHILE CHARGES TWO GENERALS WITH PLOT AGAINST GOVERNMENT,” November 2, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10111231948",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1948-11-23",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1948-11-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10111231948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1947-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 345,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09412111948",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1948-12-11",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Costa Rica on 1948-12-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Costa Rican Invasion-Revolt Strikes at Figueres’; Regime Nicaragua Is Attack Base – Envoy Here",
   "Invokes Rio Defense Pact COSTA RICA REVOLT HITS AT FIGURES,” December 12, 1948"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09412111948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1948-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 307,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rican Invasion-Revolt Strikes at Figueres’; Regime Nicaragua Is Attack Base – Envoy Here Invokes Rio Defense Pact COSTA RICA REVOLT HITS AT FIGURES,” December 12, 1948"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09212141948",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1948-12-14",
  "year": 1948,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1948-12-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“El Salvador Revolt Deposes President,” December 15, 1948",
   "“Junta Takes Over in El Salvador...” December 16, 1948",
   "“Cordova Quits Salvador Junta,” January 6, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09212141948",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1945-01-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1430,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“El Salvador Revolt Deposes President,” December 15, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta Takes Over in El Salvador...” December 16, 1948"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cordova Quits Salvador Junta,” January 6, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09201061949",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1949-01-06",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1949-01-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Cordova Quits Salvador Junta,” January 6, 1949",
   "“Osorio Now heads El Salvador Junta: Shift After Cordoba’s Fight is seen as favoring more liberal,",
   "popular regime,” January 7, 1949",
   "“Two of the 4-man Junta in El Salvador Quit,” October 24, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09201061949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1945-01-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1453,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cordova Quits Salvador Junta,” January 6, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Osorio Now heads El Salvador Junta: Shift After Cordoba’s Fight is seen as favoring more liberal, popular regime,” January 7, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Two of the 4-man Junta in El Salvador Quit,” October 24, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71001211949",
  "country": "China",
  "country_iso3": "CHN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1949-01-21",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in China on 1949-01-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kai-shek#Losing_Mainland_China",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chiang relinquishes Post to Speed Peace with Reds; Mission for Talks Named,” by Henry R. Lieber-",
   "man, January 22,1949“CHINA’S COMMUNIST MARCH ON NANKING; PEACE BID DERIDED,”",
   "January 24, 1949",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Acting President Institutes Reforms In Hope of Softer Terms From Foes,” January 24, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 104.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71001211949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kai-shek#Losing_Mainland_China"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chiang relinquishes Post to Speed Peace with Reds; Mission for Talks Named,” by Henry R. Lieberman, January 22,1949“CHINA’S COMMUNIST MARCH ON NANKING; PEACE BID DERIDED,” January 24, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Acting President Institutes Reforms In Hope of Softer Terms From Foes,” January 24, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15001301949",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1949-01-30",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1949-01-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Natalicio_Gonz%C 3%A 1 lez",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Paraguayan Chief Ousted in Revolt,” by Milton Bracker, January 31, 1949",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bloodless Revolt Overthrows Gonzalez Regime in Paraguay,” January 31, 1949",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Party Coup Ousts Chief in Paraguay: President Gonzalez Deposed After Five Months of Rule,”",
   "January 31, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15001301949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Natalicio_Gonz%C3%A1lez"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguayan Chief Ousted in Revolt,” by Milton Bracker, January 31, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bloodless Revolt Overthrows Gonzalez Regime in Paraguay,” January 31, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Party Coup Ousts Chief in Paraguay: President Gonzalez Deposed After Five Months of Rule,” January 31, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15002261949",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1949-02-26",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1949-02-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimundo_Rol%C 3%B 3n",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Revolt Shifts Paraguayan Regime,” February 27, 1949",
   "“PARAGUAYAN UNOPPOSED Molas, Coup Head, Now Holds Presidency by Election,” April 18,",
   "1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15002261949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raimundo_Rol%C3%B3n"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Revolt Shifts Paraguayan Regime,” February 27, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“PARAGUAYAN UNOPPOSED Molas, Coup Head, Now Holds Presidency by Election,” April 18, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80002261949",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1949-02-26",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1949-02-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The New York Times",
   "“Plotters Revolt in Siam; Announce Premier’s Fall,” February 28, 1949 “SIAM IS NEAR NOR-",
   "MAL AFTER WEEK-END FIGHT,” March 1, 1949 “Shooting Is Over in Bangkok,” March 2, 1949",
   "“BANGKOK MAYOR JAILED: 45 Persons Held After Outbreak in Which 50 Were Killed,” March 3,",
   "1949 “Four Ex-Leaders of Siam Slain While Under Arrest,” March 5, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80002261949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1948-01-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 394,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 16,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plotters Revolt in Siam; Announce Premier’s Fall,” February 28, 1949 “SIAM IS NEAR NORMAL AFTER WEEK-END FIGHT,” March 1, 1949 “Shooting Is Over in Bangkok,” March 2, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BANGKOK MAYOR JAILED: 45 Persons Held After Outbreak in Which 50 Were Killed,” March 3, 1949 “Four Ex-Leaders of Siam Slain While Under Arrest,” March 5, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203301949",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1949-03-30",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1949-03-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 ta",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President, Others Arrested,” March 31, 1949",
   "“ZAYIM DISSOLVES SYRIA PARLIAMENT Cabinet of Technicians Meets for First Time – Consti-",
   "tutional committee to be formed u.S.Pipeline Is Favored Dictator States$200,000,000 Project",
   "Would Benefit the Economy of Country,” April 3, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203301949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9ta"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President, Others Arrested,” March 31, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“ZAYIM DISSOLVES SYRIA PARLIAMENT Cabinet of Technicians Meets for First Time – Constitutional committee to be formed u.S.Pipeline Is Favored Dictator States$200,000,000 Project Would Benefit the Economy of Country,” April 3, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09404021949",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1949-04-02",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Costa Rica on 1949-04-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Costa Rica War Minister Revolts Against Junta,” April 03, 1949",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Minister Heads Attack on Junta In Costa Rica,” April 03, 1949",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_Junta_of_the_Second_Republic#Cardonazo",
   "• Journal of Development Studies",
   "“A Farewell to Arms: The Peace Dividend of Costa Rica’s Army Abolition,” Vol 0, No. 0, 1-25",
   "https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2024.2445533"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09404021949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1948-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 419,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica War Minister Revolts Against Junta,” April 03, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Minister Heads Attack on Junta In Costa Rica,” April 03, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_Junta_of_the_Second_Republic#Cardonazo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Journal of Development Studies",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Farewell to Arms: The Peace Dividend of Costa Rica’s Army Abolition,” Vol 0, No. 0, 1-25"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2024.2445533"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31006161949",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1949-06-16",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rakoski",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Hungary on 1949-06-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“WOMAN DESCRIBES ANTI-HUNGARY PLOT Former Friend of Yugoslav Envoy Testifies at Bu-",
   "dapest – Summing Up Expected,” September 21, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31006161949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rakoski",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1949-05-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 32,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WOMAN DESCRIBES ANTI-HUNGARY PLOT Former Friend of Yugoslav Envoy Testifies at Budapest – Summing Up Expected,” September 21, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04206211949",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1949-06-21",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Dominican Republic on 1949-06-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mexico Releases Two Planes,” June 28, 1949",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Rebel Invasion Of Dominican City Is Reported: Government Asserts Attack Has Been Crushed, but",
   "Exiles’ Leader Denies It,” June 21, 1949",
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Revolution Crushed Says Dominican Republic,” June 22, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04206211949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1947-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 767,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mexico Releases Two Planes,” June 28, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Invasion Of Dominican City Is Reported: Government Asserts Attack Has Been Crushed, but Exiles’ Leader Denies It,” June 21, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolution Crushed Says Dominican Republic,” June 22, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66007071949",
  "country": "Lebanon",
  "country_iso3": "LBN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1949-07-07",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "El Khoury",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Lebanon on 1949-07-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Lebanon Arrests Fascists, Executes Would-Be Fu¨hrer: Movement Checked Backed ‘Syrian Race’",
   "Border Meeting Communists Well Organized,” July 12, 1949",
   "• Manchester Guardian",
   "“ACTION AGAINST SECOND LEBANESE PARTY,” July 18, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 35.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66007071949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "El Khoury",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1947-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 767,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lebanon Arrests Fascists, Executes Would-Be Fu¨hrer: Movement Checked Backed ‘Syrian Race’ Border Meeting Communists Well Organized,” July 12, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ACTION AGAINST SECOND LEBANESE PARTY,” July 18, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09007091949",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1949-07-09",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Arevalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1949-07-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Arana",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala rising reported quelled,” July 21, 1949",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Guatemala army units in revolt,” July 19, 1949",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Guatemala puts down revolution,” July 21, 1949",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Assassin guns kill strong man of Guatemala,” July 19, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09007091949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Arevalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1944-12-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Arana"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala rising reported quelled,” July 21, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala army units in revolt,” July 19, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala puts down revolution,” July 21, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Assassin guns kill strong man of Guatemala,” July 19, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13007261949",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1949-07-26",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1949-07-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“REVOLT IN ECUADOR QUELLED SPEEDILY: Two Wounded in Brief Uprising – About 60 Held,",
   "Most of Them Retired Army Men,” July 27, 1949",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Revolution In Ecuador Short-Lived,” July 27, 1949",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Revolt in Ecuador: A ’National Sport’: That’s What President Calls It as He Sees One Quelled,”",
   "July 27, 1949",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“REVOLT BROKEN: Plot Against Head Of Ecuador REBELS SUBDUED Quito, July 26,” July 28,",
   "1949",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“ECUADOR PUTS DOWN REVOLT; SEIZES LEADER: Attack on Palace Fails,” July 28, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13007261949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1948-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 415,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN ECUADOR QUELLED SPEEDILY: Two Wounded in Brief Uprising – About 60 Held, Most of Them Retired Army Men,” July 27, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolution In Ecuador Short-Lived,” July 27, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt in Ecuador: A ’National Sport’: That’s What President Calls It as He Sees One Quelled,” July 27, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT BROKEN: Plot Against Head Of Ecuador REBELS SUBDUED Quito, July 26,” July 28, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR PUTS DOWN REVOLT; SEIZES LEADER: Attack on Palace Fails,” July 28, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65208141949",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1949-08-14",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1949-08-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (18 August 1949)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husni_al-Za%27 im",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Coup in Syria,” August 15, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65208141949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1949-06-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 50,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (18 August 1949)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husni_al-Za%27im"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Coup in Syria,” August 15, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14508271949",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1949-08-27",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1949-08-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Rebels Get Army Ultimatum, Warned to Surrender or Face Annihilation at Cochabamba,",
   "Reported Surrounded,” August 29, 1949",
   "“Bolivian Loyalists Retake Rebel City,” August 31, 1949",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Bolivian Rebels Seize Capital of Province, Enter 2d Key City,” August 28, 1949"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14508271949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 965,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Rebels Get Army Ultimatum, Warned to Surrender or Face Annihilation at Cochabamba, Reported Surrounded,” August 29, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Loyalists Retake Rebel City,” August 31, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Rebels Seize Capital of Province, Enter 2d Key City,” August 28, 1949"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15009121949",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1949-09-12",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Chavez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Paraguay on 1949-09-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Molas_L%C 3%B 3 pez",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Romero Pereira Takes Presidency Of Paraguay in Shift by the Junta; Head of Ruling Colorado Party",
   "Installed by Assembly – Revolt Seen Easing Local Issues, but as Untimely for Peron,” May 9, 1954",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Paraguay Ousts Molaz, Selects New President,” September 11, 1949",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“PARAGUAYAN CONGRESS ELECTS 6 TH PRESIDENT WITHIN 17 MONTHS,” September 12,",
   "1949",
   "• Milan No citation"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15009121949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Chavez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1949-04-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 148,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Molas_L%C3%B3pez"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romero Pereira Takes Presidency Of Paraguay in Shift by the Junta; Head of Ruling Colorado Party Installed by Assembly – Revolt Seen Easing Local Issues, but as Untimely for Peron,” May 9, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Ousts Molaz, Selects New President,” September 11, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PARAGUAYAN CONGRESS ELECTS 6 TH PRESIDENT WITHIN 17 MONTHS,” September 12, 1949"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan No citation",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71010011949",
  "country": "China",
  "country_iso3": "CHN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1949-10-01",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in China on 1949-10-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kai-shek#Losing_Mainland_China",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chinatown Reacts to the Death Mao with Intense but Mixed Emotions,” September 10, 1976",
   "“Until successor is found, There will probably be collective leadership,” by Fox Butterfield, September",
   "19, 1976",
   "“Deng Xiaoping: A Political Wizard Who Put China On The Capitalist Road Obituary(Obit),” Febru-",
   "ary 20, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 104.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71010011949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kai-shek#Losing_Mainland_China"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chinatown Reacts to the Death Mao with Intense but Mixed Emotions,” September 10, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Until successor is found, There will probably be collective leadership,” by Fox Butterfield, September 19, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Deng Xiaoping: A Political Wizard Who Put China On The Capitalist Road Obituary(Obit),” February 20, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09511201949",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1949-11-20",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Panama on 1949-11-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chanis_Pinz%C 3%B 3n",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Panama President Sworn in as Police ‘Strong man’ Wins Coup,” November 21, 1949",
   "“SECRET POLICE ARREST PANAMA EX-PRESIDENT,” March 10, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09511201949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1948-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 560,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chanis_Pinz%C3%B3n"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Panama President Sworn in as Police ‘Strong man’ Wins Coup,” November 21, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SECRET POLICE ARREST PANAMA EX-PRESIDENT,” March 10, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65212141949",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1949-12-14",
  "year": 1949,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1949-12-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak (17 December 1949)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adib_al-Shishakli",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Coup in Syria Ousts Army Chief,” by Albion Ross, December 20, 1949",
   "“New Syria Cabinet Ends Week’s Crisis,” December 25, 1949",
   "“Assassins Murder Syrian general who engineered cup last year,” October 31, 1950",
   "“Syrian Army Deposes Shisekly,” February 26, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65212141949",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1949-06-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 172,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (17 December 1949)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adib_al-Shishakli"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Coup in Syria Ousts Army Chief,” by Albion Ross, December 20, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Syria Cabinet Ends Week’s Crisis,” December 25, 1949"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Assassins Murder Syrian general who engineered cup last year,” October 31, 1950"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Army Deposes Shisekly,” February 26, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14501141950",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-01-14",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1950-01-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Declares a State of Siege,” January 15, 1950",
   "“Bolivia Names Plot Leader,” January 18, 1950",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Ten Banished to Chile By Bolivia in Revolt Plan,” January 16, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14501141950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1105,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Declares a State of Siege,” January 15, 1950"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Names Plot Leader,” January 18, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ten Banished to Chile By Bolivia in Revolt Plan,” January 16, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64502121950",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1950-02-12",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Abdul-Ilah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Iraq on 1950-02-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq Police Chief Thwarted in Plot: Ali Khalid Arrested in Baghdad – Foiling by Government of",
   "Attempt at Coup Reported,” February 13, 1950",
   "“Iraq to Try Ex-Police Head,” February 14, 1950",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Iraq Revolt Attempt By Police Head Foiled: Baghdad Government Says Forces Did Not Support",
   "Coup By Official Slated For Ouster,” February 13, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64502121950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abdul-Ilah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Police Chief Thwarted in Plot: Ali Khalid Arrested in Baghdad – Foiling by Government of Attempt at Coup Reported,” February 13, 1950"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Iraq to Try Ex-Police Head,” February 14, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Revolt Attempt By Police Head Foiled: Baghdad Government Says Forces Did Not Support Coup By Official Slated For Ouster,” February 13, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35502261950",
  "country": "Bulgaria",
  "country_iso3": "BGR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1950-02-26",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Chervenkov",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bulgaria on 1950-02-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Unsuccessful Coup: Report of Arrest of Bulgarian Army Chief-of-Staff Dimitrov Allegedly Killed,”",
   "February 28, 1950",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Coup Failed in Bulgaria, Paper Says: Spiked by Soviet Police After Dimitrov Death, Berline Hears,”",
   "February 27, 1950",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Reported Bid To Overthrow Bulgarian Government: High Army Officers Arrested,”February 28,1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.7,
  "lng": 25.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35502261950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Chervenkov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1949-12-18",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 70,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Unsuccessful Coup: Report of Arrest of Bulgarian Army Chief-of-Staff Dimitrov Allegedly Killed,” February 28, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Failed in Bulgaria, Paper Says: Spiked by Soviet Police After Dimitrov Death, Berline Hears,” February 27, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reported Bid To Overthrow Bulgarian Government: High Army Officers Arrested,”February 28,1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31503181950",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1950-03-18",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gottwald",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Czechoslovakia on 1950-03-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CZECH REGIME TRIES 10 RANKING CLERICS: Two Abbots And Head Of Jesuit Order In Group",
   "Accused of Plot Against Prague PRAGUE IS TRYING TEN HIGH CLERICS Roles Alleged in Plot",
   "Anti-Regime Sermons,” April 1, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31503181950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gottwald",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1948-05-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 657,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CZECH REGIME TRIES 10 RANKING CLERICS: Two Abbots And Head Of Jesuit Order In Group Accused of Plot Against Prague PRAGUE IS TRYING TEN HIGH CLERICS Roles Alleged in Plot Anti-Regime Sermons,” April 1, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14503261950",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-03-26",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1950-03-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“Bolivia Foils Red’s Plot,” March 27, 1950",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Bolivia Crushes Cominform Plot For Revolution,” March 27, 1950",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Russian-Led Plot Nipped, Bolivia Says: Police Raid Traps 25 ‘Revolutionists’ High Aide Reported",
   "Sent by Cominform to Plan for Nation-wide Coup,” March 27, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14503261950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1176,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Foils Red’s Plot,” March 27, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Crushes Cominform Plot For Revolution,” March 27, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russian-Led Plot Nipped, Bolivia Says: Police Raid Traps 25 ‘Revolutionists’ High Aide Reported Sent by Cominform to Plan for Nation-wide Coup,” March 27, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04105101950",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1950-05-10",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Estime",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1950-05-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumarsais_Estim%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CUBA KEEPS HAITIAN TIES; Havana Minister Says Junta at Port au Prince Is Stable,” June 3,",
   "1950",
   "• Milan"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04105101950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1950-05-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Estime",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1946-08-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumarsais_Estim%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CUBA KEEPS HAITIAN TIES; Havana Minister Says Junta at Port au Prince Is Stable,” June 3, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505191950",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-05-19",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1950-05-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“La Paz Revolt is Put Dow, Say 100 Dead,” May 22, 1950",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Seizes 400 as Revolt is Ended: Government Lists 13 Killed but Unofficial Estimates Put Toll",
   "Nearer 100,” May 21, 1950",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Bolivia Downs Insure Ction: At Least 13 Killed and 112 Hurt in General Strike,” May 21, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505191950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1230,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“La Paz Revolt is Put Dow, Say 100 Dead,” May 22, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Seizes 400 as Revolt is Ended: Government Lists 13 Killed but Unofficial Estimates Put Toll Nearer 100,” May 21, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Downs Insure Ction: At Least 13 Killed and 112 Hurt in General Strike,” May 21, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13007151950",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-07-15",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ecuador on 1950-07-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“More Than 100 Leaders of Revolt Await Trial,” July 19, 1950",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Rebellion in Ecuador Quelled: Leader of Revolt Seized,” July 15, 1950",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Revolt in Ecuador’s Main Port Quelled,” July 16, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13007151950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1948-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 769,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“More Than 100 Leaders of Revolt Await Trial,” July 19, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion in Ecuador Quelled: Leader of Revolt Seized,” July 15, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt in Ecuador’s Main Port Quelled,” July 16, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14507221950",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-07-22",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1950-07-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ATTEMPT AT REVOLT IN BOLIVIA IS BEATEN,” July 23, 1950",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bolivia Reports Suppression of Revolt Attempt,” July 23, 1950",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“BOLIVIA PUTS DOWN REVOLT; REPORT 2 KILLED,” July 23, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14507221950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1947-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1294,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ATTEMPT AT REVOLT IN BOLIVIA IS BEATEN,” July 23, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Reports Suppression of Revolt Attempt,” July 23, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BOLIVIA PUTS DOWN REVOLT; REPORT 2 KILLED,” July 23, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15007301950",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1950-07-30",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Chavez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1950-07-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Paraguay Coup Foiled; Report 100 Arrested,” July 31, 1950",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Paraguayan Plot Discovered,” August 1, 1950",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Paraguay Puts Down Revolt, Report Says,” July 31, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15007301950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Chavez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1950-07-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 14,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Coup Foiled; Report 100 Arrested,” July 31, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguayan Plot Discovered,” August 1, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Puts Down Revolt, Report Says,” July 31, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09408111950",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1950-08-11",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Otilio Ulate",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Costa Rica on 1950-08-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Costa Rica Cracks Plot; 200 Reported Arrested,” August 13, 1950",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Costa Rica Foils Revolt: Uprising Planned by Followers of Calderon Thwarted,” August 13, 1950",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Costa Rica Foils Revolution Plot,” August 13, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09408111950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Otilio Ulate",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1948-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 915,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica Cracks Plot; 200 Reported Arrested,” August 13, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica Foils Revolt: Uprising Planned by Followers of Calderon Thwarted,” August 13, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica Foils Revolution Plot,” August 13, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09109131950",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1950-09-13",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Galvez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1950-09-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“2 Officers Are Seized As Honduras Plotters,” September 27, 1950",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Honduras Thwarts Plot,” September 15, 1950",
   "“Guatemala Linked to Honduran Plot,” September 25, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09109131950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Galvez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1948-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 703,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“2 Officers Are Seized As Honduras Plotters,” September 27, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Thwarts Plot,” September 15, 1950"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Linked to Honduran Plot,” September 25, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23510101950",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1950-10-10",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Salazar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Portugal on 1950-10-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Seven Face Lisbon Plot Trial,” October 10, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23510101950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salazar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Seven Face Lisbon Plot Trial,” October 10, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84010181950",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1950-10-18",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Quirrino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Philippines on 1950-10-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Manila Reveals Red Plot To Overthrow Quirino,” October 25, 1950",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Filipinos find red plans for revolt Army,” October 25, 1950",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Charge 7 more filipinos in red rebellion plot,” October 29, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84010181950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Quirrino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1949-11-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 343,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Manila Reveals Red Plot To Overthrow Quirino,” October 25, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Filipinos find red plans for revolt Army,” October 25, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Charge 7 more filipinos in red rebellion plot,” October 29, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09011061950",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1950-11-06",
  "year": 1950,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Arevalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guatemala on 1950-11-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Armas",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Guatemala Revolt Put Down, 18 Killed,” November 7, 1950",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“17 Shot in Guatemalan Armed Political Revolt,” November 7, 1950",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“20 Are Killed In Guatemala Airport Fight,” November 7, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09011061950",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Arevalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1944-12-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Armas"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Revolt Put Down, 18 Killed,” November 7, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“17 Shot in Guatemalan Armed Political Revolt,” November 7, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“20 Are Killed In Guatemala Airport Fight,” November 7, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31502251951",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1951-02-25",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gottwald",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Czechoslovakia on 1951-02-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Lurid charges against deposed Czech leaders,” February 28, 1951",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Clements seized as spy by Czechs,” February 27, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31502251951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gottwald",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1948-05-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1001,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lurid charges against deposed Czech leaders,” February 28, 1951"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Clements seized as spy by Czechs,” February 27, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77003091951",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1951-03-09",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "L. Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Pakistan on 1951-03-09, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Conspiracy_Case",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pakistan Links a ’Certain Foreign Country’ To Conspiracy to Set Up Communist State,” March 22,",
   "1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77003091951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "L. Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Conspiracy_Case"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pakistan Links a ’Certain Foreign Country’ To Conspiracy to Set Up Communist State,” March 22, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09505091951",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1951-05-09",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "A. Arias",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Panama on 1951-05-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulfo_A",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Panama Seizes Former Envoy,” July 29, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09505091951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "A. Arias",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1948-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1095,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": 12,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulfo_A"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Seizes Former Envoy,” July 29, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505161951",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1951-05-16",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Bolivia on 1951-05-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ballivi%C 3%A 1n",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Summarized,” May 17, 1951",
   "“Bolivia Explodes Again,” May 17, 1951",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivia Fights Revolt, 18 Die in La Paz Battle,” April 10, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505161951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1951-05-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Urriolagoitia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 10,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Ballivi%C3%A1n"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Summarized,” May 17, 1951"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Explodes Again,” May 17, 1951"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Fights Revolt, 18 Die in La Paz Battle,” April 10, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35005311951",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1951-05-31",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "S. Venizelos",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Greece on 1951-05-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coups_d’%C 3%A 9 tat_and_coup_attempts_by_country",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Attempted Revolution Reported in Greece,” June 1, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35005311951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "S. Venizelos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1950-03-05",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 452,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coups_d’%C3%A9tat_and_coup_attempts_by_country"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Revolution Reported in Greece,” June 1, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80006291951",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1951-06-29",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1951-06-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Rebellion",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Thailand to End Martial Law,” August 24, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80006291951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1951-06-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1948-01-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1247,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Rebellion"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thailand to End Martial Law,” August 24, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14509031951",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1951-09-03",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1951-09-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Bolivia Reports Plot Against State Quelled,” September 4, 1950",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Reports Plot Smashed,” September 4, 1950",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Bolivia Quashes New Revolutionary Plot,” September 4, 1950"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14509031951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 120,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Reports Plot Against State Quelled,” September 4, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Reports Plot Smashed,” September 4, 1950"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Quashes New Revolutionary Plot,” September 4, 1950"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16009281951",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1951-09-28",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1951-09-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo_Cacciatore"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16009281951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1951-09-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1946-02-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2042,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo_Cacciatore"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31511201951",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1951-11-20",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gottwald",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Czechoslovakia on 1951-11-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C 3%A 1 nsk%C 3%BD#The_trial",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C 3%A 1 nsk%C 3%BD_trial",
   "• The Sun",
   "“CZECHS JAIL KEY PURGER: S Lansky Removed From Vice Premiership And Parliament,” Novem-",
   "ber 28, 1951",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SLANSKY ACCUSED AS CZECH TITOIST: Gottwald Says Jailed Red Was American Agent,",
   "Caught Fleeing to the West SLANSKY ACCUSED AS CZECH TITOIST,” December 8, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31511201951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gottwald",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1948-05-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1269,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD#The_trial"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CZECHS JAIL KEY PURGER: S Lansky Removed From Vice Premiership And Parliament,” November 28, 1951"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SLANSKY ACCUSED AS CZECH TITOIST: Gottwald Says Jailed Red Was American Agent, Caught Fleeing to the West SLANSKY ACCUSED AS CZECH TITOIST,” December 8, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65211291951",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1951-11-29",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Shishakli",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1951-11-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“RECOGNITION BY U.S. EXPECTED IN SYRIA Action on New Regime, Set for Today, Likely to",
   "Be Emulated by Britain and France,” December 15, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65211291951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1951-11-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Shishakli",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1949-06-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 887,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“RECOGNITION BY U.S. EXPECTED IN SYRIA Action on New Regime, Set for Today, Likely to Be Emulated by Britain and France,” December 15, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80011291951",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1951-11-29",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1951-11-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Coup_(Thailand)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Premier Pibul Ousted in Thailand, Only to Head Successor Regime Old Cabinet Is Overthrown",
   "as Failing to Suppress Reds and Fight Inflation Cabinet Members Listed Regime Held Ineffective",
   "Parliament Seen Target,” November 30, 1951"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80011291951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1951-11-29-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1948-01-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1400,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Coup_(Thailand)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Premier Pibul Ousted in Thailand, Only to Head Successor Regime Old Cabinet Is Overthrown as Failing to Suppress Reds and Fight Inflation Cabinet Members Listed Regime Held Ineffective Parliament Seen Target,” November 30, 1951"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14512161951",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1951-12-16",
  "year": 1951,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1951-12-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Bolivians Smash ‘Plot’; La Paz Reported Quiet,” December 19, 1951",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Bolivia Foils Revolt Plot: It is Reported as Extending to All Farts of Republic,”† December 19, 1951",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Crushes Rightist Plot,” December 18, 1951",
   "† This is the actual headline for the story as published"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14512161951",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 224,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivians Smash ‘Plot’; La Paz Reported Quiet,” December 19, 1951"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Foils Revolt Plot: It is Reported as Extending to All Farts of Republic,”† December 19, 1951"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Crushes Rightist Plot,” December 18, 1951 † This is the actual headline for the story as published"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "79001221952",
  "country": "Nepal",
  "country_iso3": "NPL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1952-01-22",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Tribhuvan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Nepal on 1952-01-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Revolt Is Reported Put Down In Nepal: 400 Seized; India Expected To Act If Necessary,” January 24,",
   "1952",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nepal Quelling a Revolt, Indian Government Hears,” January 24, 1952",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Nepal Revolt Flares; India Seen Ready To Intervene: Rebels Said To Get Aid From Reds,400 Insurgents",
   "Reported to Be Under Arrest at Khatmandu,” January 24, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28.4,
  "lng": 84.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "79001221952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tribhuvan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.05,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Is Reported Put Down In Nepal: 400 Seized; India Expected To Act If Necessary,” January 24, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal Quelling a Revolt, Indian Government Hears,” January 24, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal Revolt Flares; India Seen Ready To Intervene: Rebels Said To Get Aid From Reds,400 Insurgents Reported to Be Under Arrest at Khatmandu,” January 24, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16002031952",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-02-03",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Argentina on 1952-02-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“ARGENTINES SMASH PLOT:30 to 50 Persons Are Arrested For Planning To Oust Per On,”February",
   "5, 1952",
   "“Argentine Officer Seized as Plotter: Suarez, Ex-Chief of Staff, Among 100 Held in Perons’ Assassina-",
   "tion Move,” February 6, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16002031952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 84,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARGENTINES SMASH PLOT:30 to 50 Persons Are Arrested For Planning To Oust Per On,”February 5, 1952"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Officer Seized as Plotter: Suarez, Ex-Chief of Staff, Among 100 Held in Perons’ Assassination Move,” February 6, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13003031952",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-03-03",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1952-03-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ECUADOR QUELLS REVOLT: 7 Naval Officers and 10 Civilians Are Seized in Guayaquil,” March",
   "4, 1952",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Naval Revolt Is Put Down, Ecuador Says,” March 4, 1952",
   "• The Sun",
   "“17 IN ECUADOR HELD IN REVOLT: Plot Laid To Political Party Is Crushed By Army,” March 4,",
   "1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13003031952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaza Lasso",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1948-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1366,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR QUELLS REVOLT: 7 Naval Officers and 10 Civilians Are Seized in Guayaquil,” March 4, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Naval Revolt Is Put Down, Ecuador Says,” March 4, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“17 IN ECUADOR HELD IN REVOLT: Plot Laid To Political Party Is Crushed By Army,” March 4, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04003101952",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1952-03-10",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Prio Socarres",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Cuba on 1952-03-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#Military_coup_and_second_presidency_.281952.",
   "E 2.80.931959.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Batista, Ex-Cuban Dictator, Dies in Spain,” August 7, 1973",
   "“REGIME OF BATISTA ASSAILED BY HEVIA,” July 26, 1953",
   "• Milan",
   "http://www.historical text archive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=684"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "palace_takeover",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "04003101952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-40-1952-03-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Prio Socarres",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1948-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1378,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Batista, Ex-Cuban Dictator, Dies in Spain,” August 7, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“REGIME OF BATISTA ASSAILED BY HEVIA,” July 26, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "http://www.historical text archive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=684"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14504091952",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-04-09",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Bolivia on 1952-04-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C 3%A 1n_Siles_Zuazo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Cabinet Is Out Ministers Quit On Completion Of’Revolutionary’Laws,” October 22,",
   "1953",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivia Fights Revolt, 18 Die in La Paz Battle,” April 10, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14504091952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1952-04-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Ballivian Rojas",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 339,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Siles_Zuazo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Cabinet Is Out Ministers Quit On Completion Of’Revolutionary’Laws,” October 22, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Fights Revolt, 18 Die in La Paz Battle,” April 10, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65107231952",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1952-07-23",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Farouk",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1952-07-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup d’etat in Egypt,” July 24, 1952",
   "“Article 1 – No Title,” October 18, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "palace_takeover"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 3,
  "cline_id": "65107231952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-651-1952-07-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Farouk",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup d’etat in Egypt,” July 24, 1952"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Article 1 – No Title,” October 18, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09209271952",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1952-09-27",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Osorio",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in El Salvador on 1952-09-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SALVADOR CHARGES A COMMUNIST PLOT: Assembly Votes State of Siege After Arsenals Are",
   "Found in a Series of Raids,” September 27, 1952",
   "“SALVADOR SEIZES 1,200: Government Acts on Alleged Red Plot to Take Power,” September 28,",
   "1952",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“RED REVOLUTION PLOT SMASHED IN EL SALVADOR,” September 28, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09209271952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Osorio",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1950-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 916,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SALVADOR CHARGES A COMMUNIST PLOT: Assembly Votes State of Siege After Arsenals Are Found in a Series of Raids,” September 27, 1952"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SALVADOR SEIZES 1,200: Government Acts on Alleged Red Plot to Take Power,” September 28, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“RED REVOLUTION PLOT SMASHED IN EL SALVADOR,” September 28, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10109291952",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-09-29",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1952-09-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“5 DIE IN VENEZUELA IN REPORTED COUP,” September 30, 1952",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“New Revolt in Venezuela Suppressed,” October 2, 1952",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“5 Die in Attempted Coup,” September 30, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10109291952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1952-09-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1947-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1751,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 DIE IN VENEZUELA IN REPORTED COUP,” September 30, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Revolt in Venezuela Suppressed,” October 2, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 Die in Attempted Coup,” September 30, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85010171952",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1952-10-17",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1952-10-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno",
   "• New York Times",
   "“NEW INDONESIA CRISIS SEEN IN ARMY ISSUE,” April 13, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85010171952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEW INDONESIA CRISIS SEEN IN ARMY ISSUE,” April 13, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80011101952",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1952-11-10",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Thailand on 1952-11-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“STIFF ANTI-RED BILL ADOPTED IN THAILAND,” November 14, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80011101952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1952-02-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 258,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“STIFF ANTI-RED BILL ADOPTED IN THAILAND,” November 14, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10112021952",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-12-02",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Venezuela on 1952-12-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Venezuela Gets a New President; Junta Resigns,” December 3, 1952",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Junta Head Take Venezuela Power in Voting Sequel,” December 3, 1952",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Venezuela"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10112021952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1952-11-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Gets a New President; Junta Resigns,” December 3, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Junta Head Take Venezuela Power in Voting Sequel,” December 3, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Venezuela"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13012111952",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1952-12-11",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ecuador on 1952-12-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Attempted Revolt in Ecuador: Former Ally of President Held,” December 13, 1952",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Coup Bid Fails,” December 13, 1952",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Troops Crush Coup Attempt, Ecuador Reports,” December 12, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13012111952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1952-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 193,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Revolt in Ecuador: Former Ally of President Held,” December 13, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Bid Fails,” December 13, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Crush Coup Attempt, Ecuador Reports,” December 12, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65212291952",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1952-12-29",
  "year": 1952,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Shishakli",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1952-12-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Syrians accused of plotting,” December 29, 1952",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“18 Syria Officers Ousted,” December 30, 1952"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65212291952",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Shishakli",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1949-06-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1283,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrians accused of plotting,” December 29, 1952"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“18 Syria Officers Ousted,” December 30, 1952"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14501061953",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1953-01-06",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1953-01-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ATTEMPTED REVOLT FOILED IN BOLIVIA: 8 Officers, 8 Anti-Communist Members of Ruling",
   "Party Arrested as Leaders,” January 7, 1953",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Rightist Coup Put Down By Bolivia Regime: First Major Blow,” January 7, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14501061953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1953-01-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 611,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ATTEMPTED REVOLT FOILED IN BOLIVIA: 8 Officers, 8 Anti-Communist Members of Ruling Party Arrested as Leaders,” January 7, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rightist Coup Put Down By Bolivia Regime: First Major Blow,” January 7, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65101161953",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1953-01-16",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Naguib",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Egypt on 1953-01-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Naguib Clinches New Egypt Coup: Elections shelved stiff curbs slated coup stirs Britain wary on",
   "Good Augury,” January 17, 1953",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Egypt gives Naguib year’s full power,” January 18, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65101161953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Naguib",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Naguib Clinches New Egypt Coup: Elections shelved stiff curbs slated coup stirs Britain wary on Good Augury,” January 17, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt gives Naguib year’s full power,” January 18, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09003291953",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1953-03-29",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1953-03-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Attempted Revolt In Guatemala: Guatemala City, Mar. 30,” March 31, 1953",
   "• New York Times",
   "“GUATEMALA REBELS SEIZE CITY BRIEFLY: Hold Salama for 18 Hours, but Are Routed by",
   "Government With Troops and Planes,” March, 30 1953",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“GUATEMALA’S ARMY CHIEF SAYS ’FOREIGN’ AID FAILED IN REVOLT,” March 31, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09003291953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1950-11-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 870,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Revolt In Guatemala: Guatemala City, Mar. 30,” March 31, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALA REBELS SEIZE CITY BRIEFLY: Hold Salama for 18 Hours, but Are Routed by Government With Troops and Planes,” March, 30 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALA’S ARMY CHIEF SAYS ’FOREIGN’ AID FAILED IN REVOLT,” March 31, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10006131953",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1953-06-13",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Colombia on 1953-06-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Coup_d.27 etat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup in Colombia Ousts President; Army Chief Rules,” June 14, 1953",
   "“COLOMBIA EASES CONTROL Overthrown President Reported Coming to United States,” June",
   "17, 1953",
   "“Rojas Indicates He’ll keep post,” February 5, 1957",
   "“Colombian Nominated,” February 8, 1957",
   "“Rojas is Ousted: Colombia ruled by a 5 man Junta,” by Tad Szulc, May 11, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10006131953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-100-1953-06-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1949-11-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1294,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Colombia Ousts President; Army Chief Rules,” June 14, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“COLOMBIA EASES CONTROL Overthrown President Reported Coming to United States,” June 17, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rojas Indicates He’ll keep post,” February 5, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Colombian Nominated,” February 8, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rojas is Ousted: Colombia ruled by a 5 man Junta,” by Tad Szulc, May 11, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "26506171953",
  "country": "German Democratic Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DDR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1953-06-17",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ulbricht",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in German Democratic Republic on 1953-06-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Berlin Uprising,” June 21, 1953",
   "“GERMAN UPRISING IN 1953 OBSERVED; Political Parties in West Mark Fifth Anniversary of",
   "Anti-Red Revolt,” June 18, 1958",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Red Raiders in Greatest Police Move Since Hitler: German Mine Revolt Reported,” June 21, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 52.1,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "26506171953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ulbricht",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1950-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 976,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Berlin Uprising,” June 21, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“GERMAN UPRISING IN 1953 OBSERVED; Political Parties in West Mark Fifth Anniversary of Anti-Red Revolt,” June 18, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Red Raiders in Greatest Police Move Since Hitler: German Mine Revolt Reported,” June 21, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506211953",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1953-06-21",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1953-06-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Aide Seized: Former Minister is Arrested in Reported Plot,” June 26, 1953",
   "“Civil War Threat Seen,” June 28, 1953",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Bolivia’s Foiled Plot: Retired Army Officer Among Many Arrested,” June 25, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506211953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 777,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Aide Seized: Former Minister is Arrested in Reported Plot,” June 26, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Threat Seen,” June 28, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia’s Foiled Plot: Retired Army Officer Among Many Arrested,” June 25, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04007261953",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1953-07-26",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Batista",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cuba on 1953-07-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#Military_coup_and_second_presidency_.281952.",
   "E 2.80.931959.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“YOUTH SAYS CASTRO NOW HAS 1,000 MEN,” October 28, 1957",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Batista Declares Martial Law in Cuba After Revolt,” July 28, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04007261953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Batista",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1948-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1881,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“YOUTH SAYS CASTRO NOW HAS 1,000 MEN,” October 28, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Batista Declares Martial Law in Cuba After Revolt,” July 28, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63008151953",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1953-08-15",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Mohammad Mossadeg",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iran on 1953-08-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“MOSSADEGH GETS 3-YEAR JAIL TERM; Shah’s plea for mercy saves his life and cuts sentence",
   "–General Also Convicted Mossadegh Gets 3-YEAR JAIL TERM,”by welles hangen, December",
   "22, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63008151953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-630-1953-08-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Mohammad Mossadeg",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“MOSSADEGH GETS 3-YEAR JAIL TERM; Shah’s plea for mercy saves his life and cuts sentence –General Also Convicted Mossadegh Gets 3-YEAR JAIL TERM,”by welles hangen, December 22, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63008191953",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1953-08-19",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mohammad Mossadeg",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iran on 1953-08-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh#Reinstatement_and_emergency_powers",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mossadegh terms Majlis Dissolved,” August 16, 1953",
   "“Shah Flees Iran after Move to Dismiss Mossadegh fails,” by Kennett Love, August 17, 1953",
   "“Army Seizes Helm,” by Kennett Love, August 20, 1953",
   "“MOSSADEGH DEATH DEMANDED IN IRAN Prosecutor Asks the Extreme Penalty – Indictment",
   "Against Deposed Premier Released,” by Robert C. Doty, October 5, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": [
   "popular_mobilization",
   "foreign_involvement",
   "media_seizure",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "63008191953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mohammad Mossadeg",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 800,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh#Reinstatement_and_emergency_powers"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mossadegh terms Majlis Dissolved,” August 16, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Shah Flees Iran after Move to Dismiss Mossadegh fails,” by Kennett Love, August 17, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Seizes Helm,” by Kennett Love, August 20, 1953"
     },
     {
      "text": "“MOSSADEGH DEATH DEMANDED IN IRAN Prosecutor Asks the Extreme Penalty – Indictment Against Deposed Premier Released,” by Robert C. Doty, October 5, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80008261953",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1953-08-26",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1953-08-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“THAILAND HOLDS 11 As Red Plotters Former Officers, Government Officials Among Accused",
   "– Vietminh Hand Seen,” August 27, 1953",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Thailand arrests gun-runner as revolution plot leader,” August 29, 19533"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80008261953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1952-02-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 547,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THAILAND HOLDS 11 As Red Plotters Former Officers, Government Officials Among Accused – Vietminh Hand Seen,” August 27, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thailand arrests gun-runner as revolution plot leader,” August 29, 19533"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511091953",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1953-11-09",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1953-11-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia To Try Revolt Ers Three Former President S Among 750 Accused In Uprising,”Novem-",
   "ber 14, 1953",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Bolivian Revolt Kills at Least 13,” November 10, 1953"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511091953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1951-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 918,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 21,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia To Try Revolt Ers Three Former President S Among 750 Accused In Uprising,”November 14, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Revolt Kills at Least 13,” November 10, 1953"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "33912301953",
  "country": "Albania",
  "country_iso3": "ALB",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1953-12-30",
  "year": 1953,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Hoxha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Albania on 1953-12-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Albanian Plot: Plan For Armed Insurrection, Agents Arrested,” December 31, 1953",
   "• South China Sunday Post",
   "“Ex-King Denies Albanian Plot,” January 3, 1954",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Albanian Radio Admits Attempt at Coup; Blames It on U.S. Spies, Refugees Report,” January 1,",
   "1954",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Valuable"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 20.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "33912301953",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hoxha",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1950-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1312,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Albanian Plot: Plan For Armed Insurrection, Agents Arrested,” December 31, 1953"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Sunday Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-King Denies Albanian Plot,” January 3, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Albanian Radio Admits Attempt at Coup; Blames It on U.S. Spies, Refugees Report,” January 1, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Valuable"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65202251954",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1954-02-25",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Shishakli",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1954-02-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Syrian Army Deposes Shisekly,” February 26, 1954",
   "“Atassi is Syrian President; Damascus Clashes Continue,” March 1, 1954",
   "“Syrian Civil Rule Pledged by Atassi,” by Kenneth Love, March 2, 1954",
   "“Syrian Premier Resigns, Failed to Hold Elections,” June 11, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65202251954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1954-02-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Shishakli",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1953-07-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 230,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Army Deposes Shisekly,” February 26, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Atassi is Syrian President; Damascus Clashes Continue,” March 1, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Civil Rule Pledged by Atassi,” by Kenneth Love, March 2, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Premier Resigns, Failed to Hold Elections,” June 11, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65102271954",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1954-02-27",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Naguib",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Egypt on 1954-02-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib#Presidency",
   "• New York Times",
   "“NAGUIB RESTORED AS EGYPT’S LEADER IN SUDDEN SWITCH,”February 28,1954“EGYPT",
   "SEEMINGLY NORMAL But Naguib Has Not Met Nasser Since Returning From Sudan,” March 4,",
   "1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65102271954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Naguib",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib#Presidency"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NAGUIB RESTORED AS EGYPT’S LEADER IN SUDDEN SWITCH,”February 28,1954“EGYPT SEEMINGLY NORMAL But Naguib Has Not Met Nasser Since Returning From Sudan,” March 4, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65104281954",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1954-04-28",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Naguib",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1954-04-28, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“NAGUIB NAMED IN TRIAL Linked With Those Accused of Fight on Egyptian Regime,” June 7,",
   "1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65104281954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Naguib",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NAGUIB NAMED IN TRIAL Linked With Those Accused of Fight on Egyptian Regime,” June 7, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15005051954",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1954-05-05",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Chavez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1954-05-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner",
   "• New York Times",
   "“U.S. Moves in Nicaragua Rebellion Worrying Paraguay’s Dictatorship ’Process of Subversion’ U.S.",
   "Moves In Nicaragua Rebellion Worrying Paraguay’s dictatorship’Old Guard Is The Same’U.S.Military",
   "Aid Suspended ’Incompetence and Corruption’,” July 15, 1979",
   "“Stroessner Flies into Brazil Exile; Election is Promised in three Months,” February 6, 1989",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Paraguay Coup Ousts Chavez as President,” May 8, 1954",
   "“Paraguay Votes June 11, General Only candidate,” May 15, 1954",
   "“Installs Army’s Chief as Head of Paraguay,” August 16, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15005051954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-150-1954-05-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Chavez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1953-02-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 444,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Moves in Nicaragua Rebellion Worrying Paraguay’s Dictatorship ’Process of Subversion’ U.S. Moves In Nicaragua Rebellion Worrying Paraguay’s dictatorship’Old Guard Is The Same’U.S.Military Aid Suspended ’Incompetence and Corruption’,” July 15, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Stroessner Flies into Brazil Exile; Election is Promised in three Months,” February 6, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Coup Ousts Chavez as President,” May 8, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Votes June 11, General Only candidate,” May 15, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Installs Army’s Chief as Head of Paraguay,” August 16, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09006271954",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1954-06-27",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1954-06-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Arbenz is Deposed,” June 28,1954",
   "“Confident of Victory,” June 28, 1954",
   "“5-Year Presidency Urged Guatemalan Committee Wants Castillo Armas Named,”November",
   "3, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": [
   "foreign_involvement",
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "duration_days": 10,
  "cline_id": "09006271954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1954-06-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1950-11-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1325,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arbenz is Deposed,” June 28,1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Confident of Victory,” June 28, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“5-Year Presidency Urged Guatemalan Committee Wants Castillo Armas Named,”November 3, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09006291954",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1954-06-29",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Guatemala on 1954-06-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Enrique_D%C 3%ADaz_de_Le%C 3%B 3n",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfego_Hernn_Monzn_Aguirre",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“New Palace Revolution Guatemala Anti-Red Coup Reported,” June 29, 1954",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Truce in Guatemala follows coup by new military junta,” June 30, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09006291954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Arbenz Guzman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1950-11-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1327,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Enrique_D%C3%ADaz_de_Le%C3%B3n"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfego_Hernn_Monzn_Aguirre"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Palace Revolution Guatemala Anti-Red Coup Reported,” June 29, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Truce in Guatemala follows coup by new military junta,” June 30, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13508101954",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1954-08-10",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Odria",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1954-08-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PERU TO TRY OFFICERS:12 High Army Men Are Charged With Participation In Revolt,”August",
   "13, 1954",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Peru to Try 12 in Plot,” August 13, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13508101954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1954-08-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Odria",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1950-07-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1500,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PERU TO TRY OFFICERS:12 High Army Men Are Charged With Participation In Revolt,”August 13, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru to Try 12 in Plot,” August 13, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14008251954",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1954-08-25",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Cafe Filho",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1954-08-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Vargas Letter Adds Mystery to His Suicide: Believe He Feared Being Killed in Coup,” August 26,",
   "1954",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Dulles Sends Rio His Condolences: Washington Expects Brazil’s New Chief to Restore Order – Anti-",
   "U.S. Riots Noted,” August 25, 1954",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Brazilian Drama: President Vargas Commits Suicide After Army Forces Him to Resign: Farewell",
   "Note,” August 25, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14008251954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Cafe Filho",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1950-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1422,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Vargas Letter Adds Mystery to His Suicide: Believe He Feared Being Killed in Coup,” August 26, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dulles Sends Rio His Condolences: Washington Expects Brazil’s New Chief to Restore Order – AntiU.S. Riots Noted,” August 25, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazilian Drama: President Vargas Commits Suicide After Army Forces Him to Resign: Farewell Note,” August 25, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65111141954",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1954-11-14",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Naguib",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Palace coup in Egypt on 1954-11-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Disputes_with_Naguib",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Naguib is Deposed as Coup Plotter by Egypt’s Junta,” by Kennett Love, November 15, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65111141954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Naguib",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 6,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Disputes_with_Naguib"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Naguib is Deposed as Coup Plotter by Egypt’s Junta,” by Kennett Love, November 15, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65111171954",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1954-11-17",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Naguib",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Egypt on 1954-11-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Assuming_the_presidency",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nasser Assumes Duties of Naguib,” November 18, 1954",
   "“For 18 Years Nasser Had Almost Hypnotic Power In His Leadership of Egyptians,” September 29,",
   "1970",
   "“The Arabs Have Lost a Hero – And Symbol of Unity,” October 4, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65111171954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Naguib",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Assuming_the_presidency"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nasser Assumes Duties of Naguib,” November 18, 1954"
     },
     {
      "text": "“For 18 Years Nasser Had Almost Hypnotic Power In His Leadership of Egyptians,” September 29, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“The Arabs Have Lost a Hero – And Symbol of Unity,” October 4, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09411271954",
  "country": "Costa Rica",
  "country_iso3": "CRI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1954-11-27",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Figueres Ferrer",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Costa Rica on 1954-11-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Costa Rica N Chief Says Plot Failed Figueres No Longer Believes Rebel Units On Nicaraguan",
   "Frontier Will Attack,” November 28, 1954",
   "Cote d’Ivoire"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.7,
  "lng": -83.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09411271954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Figueres Ferrer",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1953-07-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 489,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.65,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Costa Rica N Chief Says Plot Failed Figueres No Longer Believes Rebel Units On Nicaraguan Frontier Will Attack,” November 28, 1954 Cote d’Ivoire"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13012231954",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1954-12-23",
  "year": 1954,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1954-12-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ECUADOR’S CHIEF OUTRIDES REVOLT: Seven High Service Officers Arrested – Two Ministers’",
   "Resignations Accepted,” December 24, 1954",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“ECUADOR PRESIDENT FORESTALL S COUP,” December 26, 1954",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“ECUADOR PRESIDENT PUTS DOWN REVOLT BY ARMY OFFICERS,” December 26, 1954"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13012231954",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1954-12-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1952-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 935,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR’S CHIEF OUTRIDES REVOLT: Seven High Service Officers Arrested – Two Ministers’ Resignations Accepted,” December 24, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR PRESIDENT FORESTALL S COUP,” December 26, 1954"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ECUADOR PRESIDENT PUTS DOWN REVOLT BY ARMY OFFICERS,” December 26, 1954"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09001201955",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1955-01-20",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Castillo Armas",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1955-01-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“GUATEMALA STOPS COUP LAID TO REDS; STATE OF SIEGE ON: 10 Killed in Army Base",
   "Fight – Regime Jails 100 Rebels, Accuses Arbenz Ex-Aide,” January 21, 1955",
   "• Times of India",
   "“ABORTIVE COUP IN GUATEMALA: Pro-Red Rebels Attack Military Base,” January 22, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09001201955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1955-01-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Castillo Armas",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 102,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALA STOPS COUP LAID TO REDS; STATE OF SIEGE ON: 10 Killed in Army Base Fight – Regime Jails 100 Rebels, Accuses Arbenz Ex-Aide,” January 21, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ABORTIVE COUP IN GUATEMALA: Pro-Red Rebels Attack Military Base,” January 22, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15001221955",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-01-22",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Stroessner",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1955-01-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Paraguay Says Plot Is Thwarted: Interior Minister Identifies Rebels,” January 26, 1955",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Plot in Paraguay Reported Nipped: Stroessner Regime Asserts Former Head of Colorado Party Was",
   "Ringleader,” January 26, 1955",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Plot to Overthrow President Crushed, Paraguay Reports,” January 26, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15001221955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Stroessner",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1954-07-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 195,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay Says Plot Is Thwarted: Interior Minister Identifies Rebels,” January 26, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot in Paraguay Reported Nipped: Stroessner Regime Asserts Former Head of Colorado Party Was Ringleader,” January 26, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to Overthrow President Crushed, Paraguay Reports,” January 26, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67804021955",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1955-04-02",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ibn Yahya Hamid",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1955-04-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Yahya"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67804021955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-678-1955-04-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Ibn Yahya Hamid",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Yahya"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65204221955",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1955-04-22",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "H. Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1955-04-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SYRIA COUP PLOT CHARGED TO U. S.: Damascus Army Prosecutor Requests Death for 30 –",
   "Washington Issues Denial,” July 1, 1955",
   "• Manchester Guardian",
   "“SYRIAN PLOTS: Attempts to Involve the United States,” April 22, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65204221955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "H. Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1953-07-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 651,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIA COUP PLOT CHARGED TO U. S.: Damascus Army Prosecutor Requests Death for 30 – Washington Issues Denial,” July 1, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIAN PLOTS: Attempts to Involve the United States,” April 22, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09005181955",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1955-05-18",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Castillo Armas",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1955-05-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“GUATEMALA PLOT AIRED Five Men Are Jailed, One Man Gets Asylum in Embassy,” May 20,",
   "1955",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Plot Is Charged In Guatemala,” May 20, 1955",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“FIVE ARRESTED BY GUATEMALA AS PLOTTERS,” May 20, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09005181955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Castillo Armas",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 220,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALA PLOT AIRED Five Men Are Jailed, One Man Gets Asylum in Embassy,” May 20, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Is Charged In Guatemala,” May 20, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“FIVE ARRESTED BY GUATEMALA AS PLOTTERS,” May 20, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006161955",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-06-16",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1955-06-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Peron Asks Truce of Political Foes, But is Rebuffed: President Absolves His Rivals of Role in Plot",
   "as He Addresses Argentines He Pleads for Harmony: Radical Party Asks Chance to Reply – Refuses",
   "Peace in Absence of Liberty,”by Edward A. Morrow, July 6, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006161955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1955-06-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1313,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": 300,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peron Asks Truce of Political Foes, But is Rebuffed: President Absolves His Rivals of Role in Plot as He Addresses Argentines He Pleads for Harmony: Radical Party Asks Chance to Reply – Refuses Peace in Absence of Liberty,”by Edward A. Morrow, July 6, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71006181955",
  "country": "China",
  "country_iso3": "CHN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1955-06-18",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mao Tse-Tung",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in China on 1955-06-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Peiping Admits Revolt, Claims It Was Crushed,” June 18, 1955",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Red China Dooms Group Accused of Revolt Plot,” June 18, 1955",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Bid to Overthrow Communist China Government,” June 19, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 104.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71006181955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mao Tse-Tung",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1954-09-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 290,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peiping Admits Revolt, Claims It Was Crushed,” June 18, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Red China Dooms Group Accused of Revolt Plot,” June 18, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bid to Overthrow Communist China Government,” June 19, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62508181955",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1955-08-18",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1955-08-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“EGYPT BIDS BRITAIN ACT IN SUDAN REVOLT,” August 22, 1955",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“80 Die in Sudan Revolt; Egypt Urges Britain to Act,” August 22, 1955",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“South Sudan Revolt Shows Collapse Signs,” August 23, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62508181955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1953-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EGYPT BIDS BRITAIN ACT IN SUDAN REVOLT,” August 22, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“80 Die in Sudan Revolt; Egypt Urges Britain to Act,” August 22, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Sudan Revolt Shows Collapse Signs,” August 23, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16009161955",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-09-16",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1955-09-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C 3%B 3n_Libertador A",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Civil War Breaks out in Argentina; Military Units Rise Against Peron; Rebels,” by Edward A.",
   "Morrow, September 17, 1955",
   "“Peron’s Regime is Overthrown; Junta will Meet with Rebels,” September 20, 1955",
   "“Argentina Removes Army’s Commander,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 23, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16009161955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1955-09-16-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1405,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": 500,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_Libertador A"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Breaks out in Argentina; Military Units Rise Against Peron; Rebels,” by Edward A. Morrow, September 17, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peron’s Regime is Overthrown; Junta will Meet with Rebels,” September 20, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Removes Army’s Commander,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 23, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14011111955",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-11-11",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Cafe Filho",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1955-11-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Luz",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getulio_Vargas",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe_Filho",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereu_Ramos",
   "• New York Times",
   "“BRAZIL’S LEADERS ASK MARTIAL LAW TO BAR PRESIDENT Chiefs of the Armed Forces",
   "Back Step to Prevent Cafe From Resuming Office HE SEEKS A COURT WRIT But Congress Begins",
   "Action Toward Blocking His Move to End Virtual Arrest BRAZIL’S LEADERS ASK MARTIAL",
   "LAW,” November 23, 1955",
   "“COUP’S OPPONENTS IN BRAZIL GIVE UP: Deposed Acting President Is Ending Flight – Army",
   "Halts Threats at Air Bases,” November 13, 1955",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Army Coup Ousts Brazilian Regime: Coup to Block a Coup?” November 12, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14011111955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-140-1955-11-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Cafe Filho",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1955-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 39,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Luz"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getulio_Vargas"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe_Filho"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereu_Ramos"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BRAZIL’S LEADERS ASK MARTIAL LAW TO BAR PRESIDENT Chiefs of the Armed Forces Back Step to Prevent Cafe From Resuming Office HE SEEKS A COURT WRIT But Congress Begins Action Toward Blocking His Move to End Virtual Arrest BRAZIL’S LEADERS ASK MARTIAL LAW,” November 23, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“COUP’S OPPONENTS IN BRAZIL GIVE UP: Deposed Acting President Is Ending Flight – Army Halts Threats at Air Bases,” November 13, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Coup Ousts Brazilian Regime: Coup to Block a Coup?” November 12, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16011131955",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-11-13",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Lonardi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1955-11-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Lonardi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentine Chief Held Democratic, Gen. Aramburu, 36 Years in the Army...,” November 14, 1955",
   "“New Junta Takes Argentine Rule; Lonardi Defies It,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 14, 1955",
   "“Argentine Plans Elections Parley,” July 7, 1956.",
   "“Argentina Removes Army’s Commander,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 23, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16011131955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1955-11-13-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Lonardi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1463,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Lonardi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Chief Held Democratic, Gen. Aramburu, 36 Years in the Army...,” November 14, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Junta Takes Argentine Rule; Lonardi Defies It,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 14, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Plans Elections Parley,” July 7, 1956."
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Removes Army’s Commander,” by Edward A. Morrow, November 23, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14011211955",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-11-21",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Oliveria Ramos",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1955-11-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Manchester Guardian",
   "“Brazil’s President Arrested: State of Seige,” November 23, 1955",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Brazil is Facing Presidency Test: Physicians to Scan Cafe’s Health,” by Tad Szulo, November 21,",
   "1955",
   "“Second Crisis in Ten Days: Brazil Deputies Block Cafe’s Bid,” by Tad Szulo, November 22, 1955",
   "“Brazil’s Leaders Ask Martial Law to Bar President,” by Tad Szulo, November 23, 1955"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14011211955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Oliveria Ramos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1955-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 49,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil’s President Arrested: State of Seige,” November 23, 1955"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil is Facing Presidency Test: Physicians to Scan Cafe’s Health,” by Tad Szulo, November 21, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Second Crisis in Ten Days: Brazil Deputies Block Cafe’s Bid,” by Tad Szulo, November 22, 1955"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Brazil’s Leaders Ask Martial Law to Bar President,” by Tad Szulo, November 23, 1955"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15012211955",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1955-12-21",
  "year": 1955,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Stroessner",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Paraguay on 1955-12-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PARRGUAY TENSE IN A PARTY TRUCE Forces That Revolted in Vain Against Stroessner May",
   "Make Another Attempt Not a Strong Man,” January 6, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15012211955",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-150-1955-12-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Stroessner",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1954-07-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 528,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PARRGUAY TENSE IN A PARTY TRUCE Forces That Revolted in Vain Against Stroessner May Make Another Attempt Not a Strong Man,” January 6, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14002111956",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1956-02-11",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kubitschek",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1956-02-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Sun",
   "“2 Brazil Officers Leading Rebellion,” February 19, 1956",
   "• New York Times",
   "“REVOLT IN JUNGLE PERPLEXES BRAZIL: Seizure of Plane in Rio Has Grown Into Control of 3",
   "Fields by Small Group Rebellion,” by Tad Szulc, February 19, 1956",
   "“BRAZIL WAITING OUT JANGLE REBELLION,” February 20, 1956",
   "“BRAZIL INSURGENTS TALKING OF VICTORY,” February 22, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14002111956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kubitschek",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1955-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 131,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“2 Brazil Officers Leading Rebellion,” February 19, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN JUNGLE PERPLEXES BRAZIL: Seizure of Plane in Rio Has Grown Into Control of 3 Fields by Small Group Rebellion,” by Tad Szulc, February 19, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BRAZIL WAITING OUT JANGLE REBELLION,” February 20, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BRAZIL INSURGENTS TALKING OF VICTORY,” February 22, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13502161956",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1956-02-16",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Odria",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1956-02-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“East Peru Troops Rise Against Odria; Siege Law Imposed,” February 17, 1956",
   "“Opposition Chiefs Seized in Peru; Center of Army Revolt Is Isolated,” February 18, 1956",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“City Seized: Troops in Peru Revolt; Five Killed in Paraguay,” February 17, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13502161956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1956-02-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Odria",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1950-07-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2055,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“East Peru Troops Rise Against Odria; Siege Law Imposed,” February 17, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Opposition Chiefs Seized in Peru; Center of Army Revolt Is Isolated,” February 18, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“City Seized: Troops in Peru Revolt; Five Killed in Paraguay,” February 17, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04004031956",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1956-04-03",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Batista",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cuba on 1956-04-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#Military_coup_and_second_presidency_.281952.",
   "E 2.80.931959.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CUBA SUPPRESSES PLOT FOR REVOLT 30 Army Officers Reported Under Arrest–Batista Min-",
   "imizes Importance,” April 4, 1956",
   "• Daily Boston Globe",
   "“Cuba Reports Plot Against Batista Halted,” April 4, 1956",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Cuban Army Blocks Plot Against Batista,” April 4, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04004031956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Batista",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 519,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CUBA SUPPRESSES PLOT FOR REVOLT 30 Army Officers Reported Under Arrest–Batista Minimizes Importance,” April 4, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Reports Plot Against Batista Halted,” April 4, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cuban Army Blocks Plot Against Batista,” April 4, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13006011956",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1956-06-01",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1956-06-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ecuador Arrest Made: Opposition Ist Held in Alledged Plot on Eve of Election, ” June 2, 1956",
   "“Ecuador Charges 3 With Conspiring: Arrested Aides Are Accused of Trying to Upset Results of",
   "Presidential Voting,” June 7, 1956",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Lead Taken by Enriquez in Ecuador: Balloting Calm as People Pick President, Vice President,",
   "Congress,” June 4, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13006011956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1952-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1461,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Arrest Made: Opposition Ist Held in Alledged Plot on Eve of Election, ” June 2, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Charges 3 With Conspiring: Arrested Aides Are Accused of Trying to Upset Results of Presidential Voting,” June 7, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lead Taken by Enriquez in Ecuador: Balloting Calm as People Pick President, Vice President, Congress,” June 4, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006091956",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1956-06-09",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aramburu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1956-06-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C 3%A 9_Valle"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006091956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1956-06-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Aramburu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1672,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": 240,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Valle"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31007151956",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1956-07-15",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Rakoski",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Hungary on 1956-07-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C 3%A 1 ty%C 3%A 1s_R%C 3%A 1 kosi",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Hungary Puts Out Communist Leader, Rakosi,” July 19, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31007151956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rakoski",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1953-05-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1155,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_R%C3%A1kosi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hungary Puts Out Communist Leader, Rakosi,” July 19, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09108011956",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1956-08-01",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lozano Diaz",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1956-08-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“3-HOUR FIGHT ENDS HONDURAN REVOLT: Tegucigalpa Barracks Unit Beaten–Casualties Few–",
   "Regime Accuses Liberals,” August 2, 1956",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Honduras Rebels Fail; 130 Killed, 60 Wounded,” August 2, 1956",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“CRUSH REVOLT IN HONDURAS;30 DIE;60 HURT: Battle 7 Hours At Army Barracks In Capital,”",
   "August 2, 1956",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Loyal Troops Crush Honduran Army Revolt,” August 2, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09108011956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1956-08-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Lozano Diaz",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 661,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3-HOUR FIGHT ENDS HONDURAN REVOLT: Tegucigalpa Barracks Unit Beaten–Casualties Few– Regime Accuses Liberals,” August 2, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Rebels Fail; 130 Killed, 60 Wounded,” August 2, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CRUSH REVOLT IN HONDURAS;30 DIE;60 HURT: Battle 7 Hours At Army Barracks In Capital,” August 2, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Loyal Troops Crush Honduran Army Revolt,” August 2, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13008071956",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1956-08-07",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1956-08-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Revolt Is Reported In Western Ecuador,” August 8, 1956",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Army Garrison Revolts In Ecuador Province,” August 8, 1956",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Ecuador Democracy Tested,” August 9, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13008071956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1956-08-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1956-06-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 65,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Is Reported In Western Ecuador,” August 8, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Garrison Revolts In Ecuador Province,” August 8, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Democracy Tested,” August 9, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09110211956",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1956-10-21",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lozano Diaz",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1956-10-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Lozano_D%C 3%ADaz",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Honduran Military Junta Ousts Lozano in Bloodless Revolution,” October 22, 1956",
   "“Army Ousts Member of Honduran Junta,” July 7, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09110211956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1956-10-21-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Lozano Diaz",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 742,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Lozano_D%C3%ADaz"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduran Military Junta Ousts Lozano in Bloodless Revolution,” October 22, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Ousts Member of Honduran Junta,” July 7, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31011041956",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1956-11-04",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Nagy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Hungary on 1956-11-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Nagy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Capital Stormed,” by Paul Hoffman, November 4, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31011041956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nagy",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1953-05-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1267,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Nagy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Capital Stormed,” by Paul Hoffman, November 4, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85011161956",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1956-11-16",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1956-11-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Indonesia Army Crisis Admitted; Coup Denied,” November 18, 1956",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Indonesia Combats Rumors of a Coup,” November 17, 1956",
   "“Rumors of a Coup Grow in Jakarta: Troops Stand By as Tension in Army is Said to Peril Regime –",
   "Confusion Rises,” November 18, 1956",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“No Plot by Army ni Indonesia: Col. LUbis’s Challenge,” November 27, 1956",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Top Indonesian Army Aide Accused of Plotting Coup,” November 22, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85011161956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Indonesia Army Crisis Admitted; Coup Denied,” November 18, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Indonesia Combats Rumors of a Coup,” November 17, 1956"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rumors of a Coup Grow in Jakarta: Troops Stand By as Tension in Army is Said to Peril Regime – Confusion Rises,” November 18, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“No Plot by Army ni Indonesia: Col. LUbis’s Challenge,” November 27, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Top Indonesian Army Aide Accused of Plotting Coup,” November 22, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04112121956",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1956-12-12",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Magloire",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Haiti on 1956-12-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Magloire",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti Inaugural Tuesday,” October 12, 1957",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Army forces President of Haiti to Quit,” December 13, 1956",
   "• Milan",
   "http://workmall.com/wfb 2001/haiti/haiti_history_politics_and_the_military_1934_57.html"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04112121956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Magloire",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2257,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Magloire"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Inaugural Tuesday,” October 12, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army forces President of Haiti to Quit,” December 13, 1956"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "http://workmall.com/wfb 2001/haiti/haiti_history_politics_and_the_military_1934_57.html"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65212261956",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1956-12-26",
  "year": 1956,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Kuwatli",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Syria on 1956-12-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“SYRIAN ACCUSES BRITISH Defendant Tells Court They Encouraged Revolt Plot,” January 14,",
   "1957",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Former Dictator of Syria on trial,” January 9, 1957",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Syria declares Britain and France plotted coup,” December 27, 1956"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65212261956",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kuwatli",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1953-07-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1265,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIAN ACCUSES BRITISH Defendant Tells Court They Encouraged Revolt Plot,” January 14, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former Dictator of Syria on trial,” January 9, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria declares Britain and France plotted coup,” December 27, 1956"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04102071957",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-02-07",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Pierre-Louis",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Haiti on 1957-02-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti’s president quits amid strike: Army Maintaining Order As Politicians Dispute Course,”Febru-",
   "ary 5, 1957",
   "“Presidency Rule Studied in Haiti,” February 6, 1957",
   "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 26,1957",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Haiti Leaders plan to Set Up Interim Regime,” February 5, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04102071957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pierre-Louis",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2314,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s president quits amid strike: Army Maintaining Order As Politicians Dispute Course,”February 5, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Presidency Rule Studied in Haiti,” February 6, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 26,1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Leaders plan to Set Up Interim Regime,” February 5, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16002281957",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1957-02-28",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Aramburu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1957-02-28, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“100 Reported Held in Argentine Plot,” March 1, 1957",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Nip Pro-Peron Plot in Argentina; Nab 35,” February 28, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16002281957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aramburu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1951-11-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1936,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“100 Reported Held in Argentine Plot,” March 1, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nip Pro-Peron Plot in Argentina; Nab 35,” February 28, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04003131957",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-03-13",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Batista",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cuba on 1957-03-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#Military_coup_and_second_presidency_.281952.",
   "E 2.80.931959.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CASTRO DEPLORES COMMUNIST RIFT He Will Have No Quarreling Among Cuban Reds, He",
   "Says,” by Paul Hofmann, March 14, 1965",
   "“Cuba Suppresses Youths’ Uprising; 40 are killed,” by R. Hart Phillips, March 14, 1957",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Cuba Crushes Attack on Batista; 40 Die,” March 14, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04003131957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Batista",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 863,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CASTRO DEPLORES COMMUNIST RIFT He Will Have No Quarreling Among Cuban Reds, He Says,” by Paul Hofmann, March 14, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Suppresses Youths’ Uprising; 40 are killed,” by R. Hart Phillips, March 14, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Crushes Attack on Batista; 40 Die,” March 14, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "33903251957",
  "country": "Albania",
  "country_iso3": "ALB",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1957-03-25",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hoxha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Albania on 1957-03-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Reds See U.S. Plot in Albania: Charge Spies Dropped From Sky,” by B.J. Cutler, March 26, 1957",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Eviction Wave Reported in Sofia,” March 26, 1957",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Revold Tried In Albania, Moscow Says,” March 26, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 20.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "33903251957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hoxha",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1954-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reds See U.S. Plot in Albania: Charge Spies Dropped From Sky,” by B.J. Cutler, March 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Eviction Wave Reported in Sofia,” March 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revold Tried In Albania, Moscow Says,” March 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04104021957",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-04-02",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Sylvain",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1957-04-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Sylvain",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti’s President forced to resign: Army Said to Detain Sylvain,” April 3, 1957",
   "“Haitian Candidates Weigh Interim Rule,” April 5, 1957",
   "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 261957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04104021957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1957-04-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Sylvain",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2368,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Sylvain"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s President forced to resign: Army Said to Detain Sylvain,” April 3, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haitian Candidates Weigh Interim Rule,” April 5, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 261957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66304141957",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1957-04-14",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Jordan on 1957-04-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“EX-PREMIER HELD: Nabulsi’s Supporters Arrested,” April 15, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66304141957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-663-1957-04-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EX-PREMIER HELD: Nabulsi’s Supporters Arrested,” April 15, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85005081957",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1957-05-08",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1957-05-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“JAKARTA ARRESTS 21 Indonesian Army Officers Are Reported Accused of Plot,” May 11, 1957",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Coup Foiled On Java, Reports Say,” May 11, 1957",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Plot Uncovered, Say Military In Jakarta,” May 12, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85005081957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.6,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“JAKARTA ARRESTS 21 Indonesian Army Officers Are Reported Accused of Plot,” May 11, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Foiled On Java, Reports Say,” May 11, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Uncovered, Say Military In Jakarta,” May 12, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10005101957",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1957-05-10",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Rojas Pinillia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Colombia on 1957-05-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Coup_d.27 etat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rojas is Ousted: Colombia ruled by a 5 man Junta,” by Tad Szulc, May 11, 1957",
   "“COLOMBIANS RALLY TO BACK PRESIDENT,” October 4, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10005101957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-100-1957-05-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Rojas Pinillia",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1949-11-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2721,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rojas is Ousted: Colombia ruled by a 5 man Junta,” by Tad Szulc, May 11, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“COLOMBIANS RALLY TO BACK PRESIDENT,” October 4, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04105211957",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-05-21",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Cantave",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1957-05-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Rule in Haiti,” May 22, 1957",
   "“Haiti Chief Bars Prolonged Rule,” by Paul F. Kennedy, May 23, 1957",
   "“Haitian Factions Near Showdown...” by Paul Kennedy, May 24, 1957",
   "“Civil War Flares in Haiti; Army Group Contests Rule,” May 26, 1957",
   "“Turmoil in Haiti,” May 26, 1957",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Army leader Ousts Haiti’s Ruling Council,” May 22, 1957",
   "“Haitian Capital Shelled in Civil War,” May 26, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04105211957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1957-05-21-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Cantave",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2417,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Rule in Haiti,” May 22, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Chief Bars Prolonged Rule,” by Paul F. Kennedy, May 23, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haitian Factions Near Showdown...” by Paul Kennedy, May 24, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Flares in Haiti; Army Group Contests Rule,” May 26, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Turmoil in Haiti,” May 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army leader Ousts Haiti’s Ruling Council,” May 22, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haitian Capital Shelled in Civil War,” May 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04105251957",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-05-25",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Cantave",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1957-05-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 26,1957",
   "“COALITION REGIME TAKES OVER HAITI; CAPITAL IS TENSE: Fignole Is Made Provisional",
   "President As Army’s chief quits–Mobs Still Active Guarantees Offered Troops Still Block Road Coal I-",
   "TION REGIME TAKES OVER HAITI Situation Still Explosive Troops Check Traffic,” May 27, 1957",
   "• Atlanta Daily World",
   "“Haiti gets provisional president; war averted,” May 28, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04105251957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Cantave",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2421,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Flares In Haiti; Army Groups Contest Rule Principals In The Haitian Revolt,”May 26,1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“COALITION REGIME TAKES OVER HAITI; CAPITAL IS TENSE: Fignole Is Made Provisional President As Army’s chief quits–Mobs Still Active Guarantees Offered Troops Still Block Road Coal ITION REGIME TAKES OVER HAITI Situation Still Explosive Troops Check Traffic,” May 27, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Atlanta Daily World",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti gets provisional president; war averted,” May 28, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04106141957",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-06-14",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Fignole",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1957-06-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Fignol%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti’s President Ousted by Army: principals in military coup in Haiti,” June 15,1957",
   "“HAITI’S POLICE HUNT POLITICAL FIGURES,” June 19, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04106141957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1957-06-14-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Fignole",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1950-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2441,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Fignol%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s President Ousted by Army: principals in military coup in Haiti,” June 15,1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“HAITI’S POLICE HUNT POLITICAL FIGURES,” June 19, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09107071957",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1957-07-07",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Hector Caraccioli",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Honduras on 1957-07-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Government_Council",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Ousts Member of Honduran Junta,” July 7, 1957",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Hondurass Seek Stable Government by Ballot: Leaders of Military Junta Foresee New Constitution",
   "After Election in Septebmer,” by Charles Hillinger, July 14, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09107071957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hector Caraccioli",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1954-10-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1001,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Government_Council"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Ousts Member of Honduran Junta,” July 7, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hondurass Seek Stable Government by Ballot: Leaders of Military Junta Foresee New Constitution After Election in Septebmer,” by Charles Hillinger, July 14, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61607251957",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1957-07-25",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Muhammad al-Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Tunisia on 1957-07-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba#Presidency",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bey Fails to Gain Tunisian Support,” by Thomas Brady, July 24, 1957",
   "“Tunis Ousts Bey, Names Bourguiba Head of Republic,” by Thomas F.Brady, July 26, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61607251957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Muhammad al-Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1956-03-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 488,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.06,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba#Presidency"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bey Fails to Gain Tunisian Support,” by Thomas Brady, July 24, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Tunis Ousts Bey, Names Bourguiba Head of Republic,” by Thomas F.Brady, July 26, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04009051957",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1957-09-05",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Batista",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cuba on 1957-09-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienfuegos",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Violence In Cuba: Navy Joins Revolt,”September 8,1957“Article 1–NoTitle,”September 28,1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04009051957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-40-1957-09-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Batista",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1954-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1039,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienfuegos"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Violence In Cuba: Navy Joins Revolt,”September 8,1957“Article 1–NoTitle,”September 28,1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80009161957",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1957-09-16",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1957-09-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarit_Thanarat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Thai Army Seizes Control in Coup; Premier Missing,” September 17, 1957",
   "“PIBUL TO GO TO INDIA Ousted Thai Premier Plans to Stay There After Tokyo Visit,” November",
   "29, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80009161957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1957-09-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Plaek Pibulsongkram",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1957-02-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 202,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarit_Thanarat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thai Army Seizes Control in Coup; Premier Missing,” September 17, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“PIBUL TO GO TO INDIA Ousted Thai Premier Plans to Stay There After Tokyo Visit,” November 29, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09010241957",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1957-10-24",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Gonzalez Lopez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1957-10-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala Calm Under New Rule Flores Begins Pacification Effort–One Killed In Worker-",
   "Police Clash Protests Held Baseless Junta Is Dissolved,” October 28, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09010241957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1957-10-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Gonzalez Lopez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1957-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 4,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Calm Under New Rule Flores Begins Pacification Effort–One Killed In WorkerPolice Clash Protests Held Baseless Junta Is Dissolved,” October 28, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09311051957",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1957-11-05",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Luis Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nicaragua on 1957-11-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nicaragua Frustrates ‘Plot’,” November 5, 1957",
   "“SOMOZA IMPEDED IN REFORM STEPS; Nicaragua President’s Plan to Liberalize Regime Runs",
   "Into Political Obstacles‘Heavy Blows’Predicted President Elected Last May Economic Crisis Averted,”",
   "by Paul P. Kennedy, December 8, 1957",
   "“9 NICARAGUANS GUILTY: Officers Convicted of Plotting Against President Somoza,” January 1,",
   "1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09311051957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Luis Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1957-02-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 275,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua Frustrates ‘Plot’,” November 5, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SOMOZA IMPEDED IN REFORM STEPS; Nicaragua President’s Plan to Liberalize Regime Runs Into Political Obstacles‘Heavy Blows’Predicted President Elected Last May Economic Crisis Averted,” by Paul P. Kennedy, December 8, 1957"
     },
     {
      "text": "“9 NICARAGUANS GUILTY: Officers Convicted of Plotting Against President Somoza,” January 1, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10011171957",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1957-11-17",
  "year": 1957,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Paris",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Colombia on 1957-11-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Colombian Coup Reported Smashed,” November 19, 1957",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Colombia Foils Pro-Rojas Plot: Junta Says Forces Thwart Plan to Oust Regime and Resort Exiled",
   "Dictator,” November 19, 1957",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Colomnian Plot Foiled, Junta Says,” November 19, 1957"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10011171957",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paris",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1949-11-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2912,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colombian Coup Reported Smashed,” November 19, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colombia Foils Pro-Rojas Plot: Junta Says Forces Thwart Plan to Oust Regime and Resort Exiled Dictator,” November 19, 1957"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colomnian Plot Foiled, Junta Says,” November 19, 1957"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101011958",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-01-01",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1958-01-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Venezuela Flyers Revolt: Capital Menaced by Rebel’s Planes; Report 1 Downed,” January 2, 1958",
   "• The Manchester Guardian",
   "“Rebellion In Venezuela: Air Force Planes Over Capital,” January 2, 1958",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Exiled Ex-President Foresees More Upheavals in Venezuela,” by Paul P. Kennedy, January 3, 1958",
   "“Venezuela Quiet After Rebellion,” by Tad Szulc, January 4, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101011958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1958-01-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1957-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 17,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Flyers Revolt: Capital Menaced by Rebel’s Planes; Report 1 Downed,” January 2, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion In Venezuela: Air Force Planes Over Capital,” January 2, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Exiled Ex-President Foresees More Upheavals in Venezuela,” by Paul P. Kennedy, January 3, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Quiet After Rebellion,” by Tad Szulc, January 4, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101231958",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-01-23",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1958-01-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Civic Groups Overthrows Government,” January 23, 1958",
   "• New York Times",
   "“VENEZUELA RULED BY 7-MANJUNTA; Holdouts Yield Military And Civilian Group Pledges",
   "Free Elections–Guarantees Investments Secret Police Routed Their 9-Hour Fight Futile–Ousted",
   "Dictator Flies to Dominican Republic VENEZUELA RULED BY 7-MAN JUNTA,” January 24, 1958",
   "“Venezuela Plans Elections in 1958,” by Tad Szulc, January 28, 1958",
   "“Larazabal to Quit as Caracas Ruler,” October 21, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101231958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1958-01-23-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Perez Jimenez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1957-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 39,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civic Groups Overthrows Government,” January 23, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VENEZUELA RULED BY 7-MANJUNTA; Holdouts Yield Military And Civilian Group Pledges Free Elections–Guarantees Investments Secret Police Routed Their 9-Hour Fight Futile–Ousted Dictator Flies to Dominican Republic VENEZUELA RULED BY 7-MAN JUNTA,” January 24, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Plans Elections in 1958,” by Tad Szulc, January 28, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Larazabal to Quit as Caracas Ruler,” October 21, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85002151958",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1958-02-15",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Indonesia on 1958-02-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno",
   "• New York Times",
   "“INDONESIAN REBEL VOICES OPTIMISM Anti-Jakarta Premier Sees Turning Point in 3 Months,",
   "but Says Blockade Hurts,” by Greg MacGregor, March 23, 1958",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Indonesian Parliament To Mediate: Bringing Peace Between Rivals,” February 19, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85002151958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“INDONESIAN REBEL VOICES OPTIMISM Anti-Jakarta Premier Sees Turning Point in 3 Months, but Says Blockade Hurts,” by Greg MacGregor, March 23, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Indonesian Parliament To Mediate: Bringing Peace Between Rivals,” February 19, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65103051958",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1958-03-05",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Egypt on 1958-03-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Egypt spy says U.S. was in plot,” March 5, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65103051958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 12,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt spy says U.S. was in plot,” March 5, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10103181958",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-03-18",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Venezuela on 1958-03-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“VENEZUELA EXPELS 5 ON PLOTTING CHARGE,” March 19, 1958",
   "“Venezuela Expels Two More,” March 21, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10103181958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1957-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 93,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VENEZUELA EXPELS 5 ON PLOTTING CHARGE,” March 19, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Expels Two More,” March 21, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10005021958",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-05-02",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Paris",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Colombia on 1958-05-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“BOGOTA SMASHES ATTEMPTED COUP: Four Members Of Colombian Junta Are Kidnapped But",
   "5 th Suppresses Rising,” May 3, 1958",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bogota Quells 2-Hour Revolt,” May 3, 1958",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Five Top Colombians Kidnapped, Refined As Revolt Bid Fails,” May 3, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10005021958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-100-1958-05-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Paris",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1949-11-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3078,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BOGOTA SMASHES ATTEMPTED COUP: Four Members Of Colombian Junta Are Kidnapped But 5 th Suppresses Rising,” May 3, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bogota Quells 2-Hour Revolt,” May 3, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Five Top Colombians Kidnapped, Refined As Revolt Bid Fails,” May 3, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505141958",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-05-14",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1958-05-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Acts to Quell Revolt in Santa Cruz,” May 15, 1958",
   "“Bolivian Revolt Fizzles: Leaders Flee Country,” May 16, 1958",
   "• The Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Rebels Seize Bolivian City,” May 15, 1958",
   "“Rebels Flee Santa Cruz, Bolivia Says,” by Alfonso Telleria, May 16, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505141958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1956-06-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 696,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Acts to Quell Revolt in Santa Cruz,” May 15, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Revolt Fizzles: Leaders Flee Country,” May 16, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Seize Bolivian City,” May 15, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Flee Santa Cruz, Bolivia Says,” by Alfonso Telleria, May 16, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66307011958",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1958-07-01",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Jordan on 1958-07-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“AMMAN PLOT REPORTED 12 Jordan Officers Said to Be Held for Try at Coup,” July 2, 1958",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Arrests foil coup in Jordan,” July 2, 1958",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Jordan coup was ’Imminent’,” July 18, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66307011958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AMMAN PLOT REPORTED 12 Jordan Officers Said to Be Held for Try at Coup,” July 2, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrests foil coup in Jordan,” July 2, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jordan coup was ’Imminent’,” July 18, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64507141958",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1958-07-14",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Faisal II",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1958-07-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_II_of_Ira",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq Government Reported Seized by Army Revolt,” July 14, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "assassination",
   "palace_takeover",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "64507141958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1958-07-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Faisal II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_II_of_Ira"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Government Reported Seized by Army Revolt,” July 14, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10107221958",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-07-22",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1958-07-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Stops a Coup,” July 24, 1958",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“COUP ATTEMPT IN VENEZUELA MEETS DEFEAT,” July 24, 1958",
   "• Atlanta Constitution",
   "“Mob of 100,000 Halts Venezuela Army Coup,” July 24, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10107221958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1958-07-21-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1957-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 219,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Stops a Coup,” July 24, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP ATTEMPT IN VENEZUELA MEETS DEFEAT,” July 24, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Atlanta Constitution",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mob of 100,000 Halts Venezuela Army Coup,” July 24, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04107281958",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1958-07-28",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1958-07-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 ois_Duvalier",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“6 Florida Deputies Lose in Plot To Overthrow Haiti; One Is Killed: 2 Americans Die in Haiti Plot,”",
   "July 30, 1958",
   "• Manchester Guardian",
   "“ATTEMPTED COUP IN HAITI FAILS: Leader of Plot Killed,” July 30, 1958",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti’s President Quells Revolt; Leads Counter-Attack on Foes,” July 30 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04107281958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1957-09-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 309,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“6 Florida Deputies Lose in Plot To Overthrow Haiti; One Is Killed: 2 Americans Die in Haiti Plot,” July 30, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ATTEMPTED COUP IN HAITI FAILS: Leader of Plot Killed,” July 30, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s President Quells Revolt; Leads Counter-Attack on Foes,” July 30 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10109071958",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-09-07",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1958-09-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Junta Thwarts a Coup by Army Rebels,” September 8, 1958",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Caracas Mob Quells Coup,” September 8, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10109071958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1958-09-07-4",
  "leader_in_power": "Larrazabal",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1957-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 266,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Junta Thwarts a Coup by Army Rebels,” September 8, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Caracas Mob Quells Coup,” September 8, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77509261958",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1958-09-26",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "U Nu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Myanmar on 1958-09-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Swe",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ARMY TAKES OVER POWER IN BURMA TO THWART REDS: Commander Accepts Bid of",
   "Premier to Govern Nation – Elections Postponed,” September 27, 1958",
   "• Times of India",
   "“BLOODLESS’COUP’INBURMA: Army Takes Over Capital, Major Towns Move To’PRESERVE",
   "DEMOCRACY’,” September 27, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77509261958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-775-1958-09-26",
  "leader_in_power": "U Nu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1956-04-27",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 882,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Swe"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARMY TAKES OVER POWER IN BURMA TO THWART REDS: Commander Accepts Bid of Premier to Govern Nation – Elections Postponed,” September 27, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BLOODLESS’COUP’INBURMA: Army Takes Over Capital, Major Towns Move To’PRESERVE DEMOCRACY’,” September 27, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77010071958",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1958-10-07",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Khan Noon",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Pakistan on 1958-10-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskander_Mirza",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Martial Law Set Up in Pakistan Crisis,” October 8, 1958",
   "“Mirza Says he and Army Chief Planned the Pakistan revolution,” by Elie Abels, October 10, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77010071958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Khan Noon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskander_Mirza"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Martial Law Set Up in Pakistan Crisis,” October 8, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mirza Says he and Army Chief Planned the Pakistan revolution,” by Elie Abels, October 10, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80010201958",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1958-10-20",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1958-10-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarit_Thanarat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Chief Seizes Power Thai Power Again,” October 21, 1958",
   "“DIPLOMATS PRAISE THAILAND REGIME Economic and Political Acts of Premier Sarit Have",
   "Encouraged Westerners,” April 5, 1959",
   "“Premier Sarit, 55, Dies in Thailand,” December 9, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80010201958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1958-10-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1957-12-12",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 312,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarit_Thanarat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Chief Seizes Power Thai Power Again,” October 21, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“DIPLOMATS PRAISE THAILAND REGIME Economic and Political Acts of Premier Sarit Have Encouraged Westerners,” April 5, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Premier Sarit, 55, Dies in Thailand,” December 9, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14510211958",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-10-21",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1958-10-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bolivian Army Crushes 5-Hour Revolt in La Paz,” October 22, 1958",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Troops Put Down Revolt In Bolivia,” October 22, 1958",
   "• New York Times",
   "“MARTIAL LAW IN BOLIVIA: Leftist Chief Scores Regime After Rightist Revolt Fails,” October 23,",
   "1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14510211958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1956-06-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 856,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Army Crushes 5-Hour Revolt in La Paz,” October 22, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Put Down Revolt In Bolivia,” October 22, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“MARTIAL LAW IN BOLIVIA: Leftist Chief Scores Regime After Rightist Revolt Fails,” October 23, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77010271958",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1958-10-27",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ayub Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Pakistan on 1958-10-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskander_Mirza",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PAKISTANI RULE EASED Armed Forces Are Relieved of Emergency Duties,” November 17, 1958",
   "“Troops Called in Karachi as Ayub Urges Calm,” March 24, 1969",
   "“Waves Of Lawlessness Appears To Be Subsiding In East Pakistan,”by joseph lelyveld, March 25,1969",
   "“Ayub Khan Re-elected Leader of Pakistan,” February 9, 1969",
   "“Ayub Yielding to Violence, Says He Won’t Run Again,” February 22, 1969",
   "“Mob Slayings Sweep Rural East Pakistan,” by Peter Hazelhurst D, March 20, 1969",
   "“Ayub Khan Quits, Places Pakistan in Army’s Hands,” by Joseph Lelyveld, March 26, 1969",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ayub Says He Won’t Re-run for Pakistan Head,” February 22, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77010271958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-770-1958-10-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Ayub Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "oligarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskander_Mirza"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PAKISTANI RULE EASED Armed Forces Are Relieved of Emergency Duties,” November 17, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Troops Called in Karachi as Ayub Urges Calm,” March 24, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Waves Of Lawlessness Appears To Be Subsiding In East Pakistan,”by joseph lelyveld, March 25,1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ayub Khan Re-elected Leader of Pakistan,” February 9, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ayub Yielding to Violence, Says He Won’t Run Again,” February 22, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mob Slayings Sweep Rural East Pakistan,” by Peter Hazelhurst D, March 20, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ayub Khan Quits, Places Pakistan in Army’s Hands,” by Joseph Lelyveld, March 26, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ayub Says He Won’t Re-run for Pakistan Head,” February 22, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64511041958",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1958-11-04",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1958-11-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Iraq Crowds Cheer Arrest of Coup Boss: Faces Trial as Plotter, Premier Reveals,” November 6, 1958",
   "• The Manchester Guardian",
   "“Ex-Premier to Be Hanged: Conspiracy on Coup,” November 11, 1958",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Is Reported Thwarted In Iraq: Pro-Nassar Rioting Is Said To Have Led To Arrest Of Arif Tuesday,”",
   "November 6, 1958",
   "“Ex-Premier of Iraq Sentenced to Death: Ex-Iraq Premier Sentenced to Die,” November 11, 1958",
   "• South China Morning Post“Unrest In Iraq: Events That Led To Arrest Of Former Vice-Premier: Coup",
   "d’Etat Forestalled,” November 7, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64511041958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Crowds Cheer Arrest of Coup Boss: Faces Trial as Plotter, Premier Reveals,” November 6, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-Premier to Be Hanged: Conspiracy on Coup,” November 11, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Is Reported Thwarted In Iraq: Pro-Nassar Rioting Is Said To Have Led To Arrest Of Arif Tuesday,” November 6, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ex-Premier of Iraq Sentenced to Death: Ex-Iraq Premier Sentenced to Die,” November 11, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post“Unrest In Iraq: Events That Led To Arrest Of Former Vice-Premier: Coup",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "d’Etat Forestalled,” November 7, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62511171958",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1958-11-17",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Khalil",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1958-11-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Abboud",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudan Coup Puts Army in Control,” by Foster Hailey, November 18, 1958",
   "“Martial Law Ordered in Sudan as Riots and Violence Continue,” October 29, 1964",
   "“New Sudanese regime Named to end military rule,” October 31, 1964",
   "“General Leaves Sudanese regime,” November 16, 1964",
   "“Upset in the Sudan Civilian Overthrow of Military Junta Viewed as Salutary Reversal of Form,”",
   "November 17, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62511171958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1958-11-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Khalil",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1958-03-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 254,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Abboud"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Coup Puts Army in Control,” by Foster Hailey, November 18, 1958"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Martial Law Ordered in Sudan as Riots and Violence Continue,” October 29, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Sudanese regime Named to end military rule,” October 31, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“General Leaves Sudanese regime,” November 16, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Upset in the Sudan Civilian Overthrow of Military Junta Viewed as Salutary Reversal of Form,” November 17, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10012041958",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1958-12-04",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lleras Camargo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Colombia on 1958-12-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“EX-DICTATOR HELD AT SEA BY BOGOTA; Rojas Pinilla Being Detained On Warship In Caribbean",
   "After Failure of Plot,” December 5, 1958",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Colombia Put in State Of Siege,” December 4, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10012041958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lleras Camargo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-05-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 214,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EX-DICTATOR HELD AT SEA BY BOGOTA; Rojas Pinilla Being Detained On Warship In Caribbean After Failure of Plot,” December 5, 1958"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colombia Put in State Of Siege,” December 4, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64512081958",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1958-12-08",
  "year": 1958,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Iraq on 1958-12-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Purge by Iraq Chief Thought to Cripple Pro-Nasser Group,” December 15, 1958"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64512081958",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 16,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Purge by Iraq Chief Thought to Cripple Pro-Nasser Group,” December 15, 1958"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04001011959",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1959-01-01",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Batista",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Cuba on 1959-01-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista#Military_coup_and_second_presidency_.281952.",
   "E 2.80.931959.29",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CASTRO ASSAILS CUBAN PRESIDENT, FORCING HIM OUT,” July 18, 1959",
   "• Milan"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04001011959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Batista",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1958-11-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 59,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CASTRO ASSAILS CUBAN PRESIDENT, FORCING HIM OUT,” July 18, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64503071959",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1959-03-07",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1959-03-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Mosul_Uprising",
   "• New York Times",
   "“EXECUTIONS STIR BAGHDAD CLOUDS First Recent Demonstration Against Kassim Provoked",
   "by Doom of Nationalists,” by Richard P. Hunt, September 29, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64503071959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1959-03-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Mosul_Uprising"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EXECUTIONS STIR BAGHDAD CLOUDS First Recent Demonstration Against Kassim Provoked by Doom of Nationalists,” by Richard P. Hunt, September 29, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23503151959",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1959-03-15",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Salazar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1959-03-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Portuguese Trial Adjourned,” July 7, 1960",
   "• Manchester Guardian",
   "“31 arrests in Portugal: PLOT TO ’ALTER PUBLIC ORDER’,” May 8, 1959",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Plot to Upset Salazar Smashed, Portugal Says: Rumors Confirmed,” May 8, 1959",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Portugal Says Plot Crushed in March: Silence Explained,” May 7, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23503151959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salazar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portuguese Trial Adjourned,” July 7, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“31 arrests in Portugal: PLOT TO ’ALTER PUBLIC ORDER’,” May 8, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to Upset Salazar Smashed, Portugal Says: Rumors Confirmed,” May 8, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal Says Plot Crushed in March: Silence Explained,” May 7, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66303201959",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1959-03-20",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Jordan on 1959-03-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Article 2 – No Title,” March 22, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66303201959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Article 2 – No Title,” March 22, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69004011959",
  "country": "Kuwait",
  "country_iso3": "KWT",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1959-04-01",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Abdullah As-Sabah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Kuwait on 1959-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Red Plot in Kuwait Reported,” April 2, 1959",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Alleged Attempt to Overthorw Kuwait Govt,” April 2, 1959",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Cairo Says Iraq Plot in Kuwait is Foiled,” April 2, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 29.3,
  "lng": 47.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69004011959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abdullah As-Sabah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Red Plot in Kuwait Reported,” April 2, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Alleged Attempt to Overthorw Kuwait Govt,” April 2, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cairo Says Iraq Plot in Kuwait is Foiled,” April 2, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14504191959",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1959-04-19",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1959-04-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Sun",
   "“216 Are Held In Plot, Bolivian Regime Says,” April 25, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14504191959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1956-06-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1036,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“216 Are Held In Plot, Bolivian Regime Says,” April 25, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09504261959",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1959-04-26",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "E. Guardia Jr.",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Panama on 1959-04-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_de_la_Guardia",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Panama Finds 2 nd Arms Cache; Charge Margot Knew About Plot,” April 24, 1959",
   "• The Observer",
   "“Price of Coups Going Up,” April 26, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09504261959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "E. Guardia Jr.",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1956-05-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1078,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_de_la_Guardia"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Finds 2 nd Arms Cache; Charge Margot Knew About Plot,” April 24, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Price of Coups Going Up,” April 26, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04206141959",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1959-06-14",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Dominican Republic on 1959-06-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The Dominican Mystery,” June 24, 1959",
   "“Trujillo Now Center of Caribbean Unrest,” June 28, 1959",
   "“FOE OF TRUJILLO URGES SANCTIONS Boycott of Dominican Goods Asked by Rebel Leader",
   "Who Escaped to U.S.,” by Edward C. Burks, April 21, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04206141959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1957-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 759,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Dominican Mystery,” June 24, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Trujillo Now Center of Caribbean Unrest,” June 28, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“FOE OF TRUJILLO URGES SANCTIONS Boycott of Dominican Goods Asked by Rebel Leader Who Escaped to U.S.,” by Edward C. Burks, April 21, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09107121959",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1959-07-12",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Villeda Morales",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Honduras on 1959-07-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Honduran Capital Quells Revolt But Fighting Continues Outside,” July 14, 1959",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“REVOLT IN HONDURAS SUPPRESSED,” July 14, 1959",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Revolt In Honduras,” July 14, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09107121959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1959-07-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Villeda Morales",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1957-11-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 603,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduran Capital Quells Revolt But Fighting Continues Outside,” July 14, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT IN HONDURAS SUPPRESSED,” July 14, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt In Honduras,” July 14, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04008081959",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1959-08-08",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Castro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cuba on 1959-08-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Cuba Arrests 3,000 to Halt Conspirators: Castro Regime Claims Plot is Smashed,” August 12, 1959",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army is Alerted in Cuban Unrest: Castro’s Home is Attacked – 200 Soldiers Reported Arrested as",
   "Plotters,” August 10, 1959",
   "“Cuba Arrests 1,000 in Smashing a Plot: Cuba Seizes 1,000 to Crush a Plot,” August 11, 1959",
   "“Cuba Said to Hold 4,500 as Plotters: Castro Acts Against Major Conspiracy – Army Post Reported",
   "Under Attack Cuba Said to Hold 4,500 as Plotters,” August 12, 1959",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Agents Seize Anti-Castro Ringleaders: Undercover Staff Nips Conspiracy At Secret Meeting,”August",
   "12, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04008081959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Castro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1958-11-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 278,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Arrests 3,000 to Halt Conspirators: Castro Regime Claims Plot is Smashed,” August 12, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army is Alerted in Cuban Unrest: Castro’s Home is Attacked – 200 Soldiers Reported Arrested as Plotters,” August 10, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Arrests 1,000 in Smashing a Plot: Cuba Seizes 1,000 to Crush a Plot,” August 11, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cuba Said to Hold 4,500 as Plotters: Castro Acts Against Major Conspiracy – Army Post Reported Under Attack Cuba Said to Hold 4,500 as Plotters,” August 12, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Agents Seize Anti-Castro Ringleaders: Undercover Staff Nips Conspiracy At Secret Meeting,”August 12, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62511091959",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1959-11-09",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Abboud",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1959-11-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudanese Army Man Seized,” November 21, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62511091959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1959-11-09-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Abboud",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1958-03-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 611,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudanese Army Man Seized,” November 21, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14012031959",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1959-12-03",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kubitschek",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1959-12-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Brazil Airmen Rebel And Seize 5 Planes: Said to Head Revolt in Brazil,” December 4, 1959",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Brazil’s Pocket Revolt Fizzles,” December 5, 1959",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Prices Pinch Brazilians But They Reject Revolt,” December 7, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14012031959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-140-1959-12-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Kubitschek",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1955-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1522,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil Airmen Rebel And Seize 5 Planes: Said to Head Revolt in Brazil,” December 4, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil’s Pocket Revolt Fizzles,” December 5, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Prices Pinch Brazilians But They Reject Revolt,” December 7, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15012121959",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1959-12-12",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Stroessner",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Paraguay on 1959-12-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“PARAGUAY TROOPS ADVANCE ON REBELS,” December 24, 1959",
   "• The Observer",
   "“Exiles Invading Paraguay,” December 13, 1959",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Invasion try is squashed: rebels give up without a fight, Paraguay reports,” December 13, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15012121959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Stroessner",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 671,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PARAGUAY TROOPS ADVANCE ON REBELS,” December 24, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Exiles Invading Paraguay,” December 13, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Invasion try is squashed: rebels give up without a fight, Paraguay reports,” December 13, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81212311959",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1959-12-31",
  "year": 1959,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Sananikone",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1959-12-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoui_San A Nikon E",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Premier of Laos resigns in split,” December 31, 1959",
   "“Army rules in Laos as Premier Resigns,” January 1, 1960",
   "“COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED; Rebels Rule Capital, Hold Pro-U.S. Leaders Under",
   "Arrest, Thailand Hears COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED,” August 9, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81212311959",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sananikone",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1958-08-04",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 514,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoui_San A Nikon E"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Premier of Laos resigns in split,” December 31, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army rules in Laos as Premier Resigns,” January 1, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED; Rebels Rule Capital, Hold Pro-U.S. Leaders Under Arrest, Thailand Hears COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED,” August 9, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101181960",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-01-18",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1960-01-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“90 Arrested in Venezuelan Murder Plot: Military Officers Are Among Those Seized,” January 22,",
   "1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Caracas Breaks PLot: 7 Officers Among 79 Arrested, Venezuelans Say,” January 21, 1960",
   "“Caracas Reports Smashing a Plot: Elaborate Plans Discovered for Coup – Officers and Civilians",
   "Arrested,” January 22, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101181960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 407,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“90 Arrested in Venezuelan Murder Plot: Military Officers Are Among Those Seized,” January 22, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Caracas Breaks PLot: 7 Officers Among 79 Arrested, Venezuelans Say,” January 21, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Caracas Reports Smashing a Plot: Elaborate Plans Discovered for Coup – Officers and Civilians Arrested,” January 22, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04201281960",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1960-01-28",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Dominican Republic on 1960-01-28, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Report Anti-Trujillo Plot Is Smashed; 1,000 Seized,” January 28, 1960",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Widespread Conspiracy Reported Smashed by Trujillo,” January 29, 1960",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Arrest of 1,000 in Dominican Republic Plot is Denied,” January 29, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Trujillo Said to Foil Plot By Jailing at Least 1,000,” by William J Jorden, January 29, 1960",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Plot Against Trujillo is Reported Smashed,” January 29, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04201281960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1957-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 987,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report Anti-Trujillo Plot Is Smashed; 1,000 Seized,” January 28, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Widespread Conspiracy Reported Smashed by Trujillo,” January 29, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrest of 1,000 in Dominican Republic Plot is Denied,” January 29, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trujillo Said to Foil Plot By Jailing at Least 1,000,” by William J Jorden, January 29, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Against Trujillo is Reported Smashed,” January 29, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85003051960",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-03-05",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Indonesia on 1960-03-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Guided Democracy for Indonesia: Sukarno Seeks Middle Way Betwee Communism, Fascism,” by",
   "Dennis Bloodworth, March 20, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Indonesia’s New Regime,” March 8, 1960",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Sukarno Dissolves Parliament; Absolute Ruler of Indonesia,” March 7, 1960",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85003051960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guided Democracy for Indonesia: Sukarno Seeks Middle Way Betwee Communism, Fascism,” by Dennis Bloodworth, March 20, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Indonesia’s New Regime,” March 8, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sukarno Dissolves Parliament; Absolute Ruler of Indonesia,” March 7, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14503191960",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-03-19",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1960-03-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Bolivia Revolt Fizzles As Regiment Is Routed,” March 20, 1960",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Bolivia Revolt Leader Missing After Battle,” March 21, 1960",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Put Down Revolt in Bolivia,” March 22, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14503191960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1960-03-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1956-06-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1371,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Revolt Fizzles As Regiment Is Routed,” March 20, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Revolt Leader Missing After Battle,” March 21, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Put Down Revolt in Bolivia,” March 22, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10104201960",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-04-20",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1960-04-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“Rebels Strike In Venezuela,” April 20, 1960",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Venezuelans Rally To Defy Rebel Drive,” April 20, 1960",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Revolt Fails in Venezuela: Leader Escapes,” April 22, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Reports A Rebellion Halted,” April 21, 1960",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Venezuela Claims Anti-Government Coup Thwarted,” April 19, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10104201960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 500,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Strike In Venezuela,” April 20, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelans Rally To Defy Rebel Drive,” April 20, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Fails in Venezuela: Leader Escapes,” April 22, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Reports A Rebellion Halted,” April 21, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Claims Anti-Government Coup Thwarted,” April 19, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73204271960",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1960-04-27",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Rhee",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Republic of Korea on 1960-04-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mr.Rhee Resigns,” April 27, 1960",
   "“Rhee’s ministers Resign over riot; Offer an Apology” by Robert Trumbull, April 21, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73204271960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rhee",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 43,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mr.Rhee Resigns,” April 27, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rhee’s ministers Resign over riot; Offer an Apology” by Robert Trumbull, April 21, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64005271960",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1960-05-27",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Menderes",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; arrested or jailed; tried",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1960-05-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; arrested or jailed; tried.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (21 May 1960)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army takes Control in Turkey; Menderes and His cabinet Seized,” May 28, 1960",
   "“Junta in Control,” May 28, 1960",
   "“Military Rule In Turkey,” May 28, 1960",
   "“U.S. Envoy Reassured,” May 28, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64005271960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-1960-05-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Menderes",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1957-10-27",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 943,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (21 May 1960)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army takes Control in Turkey; Menderes and His cabinet Seized,” May 28, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta in Control,” May 28, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Rule In Turkey,” May 28, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Envoy Reassured,” May 28, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006131960",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-06-13",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Frondizi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1960-06-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“ARGENTINE FORCE REVOLTS IN WEST: But Most of Army Is Said to Back Frondizi Regime",
   "ARGENTINE FORCE REVOLTS IN WEST,” Juan de Onis, June 13, 1960 “The Argentine Plot,”",
   "June 14, 1960",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Rebellion Erupts in Argentina: Military Units Reported Aiding San Luis Uprising,” June 13, 1960",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Army Unit Revolts in Argentina: Radio Station Seized; General Named President,” June 13, 1960",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“TROOPS REBEL IN ARGENTINA; CAPTURE CITY: Name Gen. Giovannoni New President,”",
   "June 13, 1960",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“FRONDIZI QUELLS SIX- HOUR REVOLT: Will seek more economic aid for Argentina,” June 14,",
   "1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006131960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1960-06-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Frondizi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 841,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARGENTINE FORCE REVOLTS IN WEST: But Most of Army Is Said to Back Frondizi Regime ARGENTINE FORCE REVOLTS IN WEST,” Juan de Onis, June 13, 1960 “The Argentine Plot,” June 14, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion Erupts in Argentina: Military Units Reported Aiding San Luis Uprising,” June 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Unit Revolts in Argentina: Radio Station Seized; General Named President,” June 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TROOPS REBEL IN ARGENTINA; CAPTURE CITY: Name Gen. Giovannoni New President,” June 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“FRONDIZI QUELLS SIX- HOUR REVOLT: Will seek more economic aid for Argentina,” June 14, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10106241960",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-06-24",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1960-06-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Venezuela Seizes 7 for Plot to Kill President,” June 28, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Injured President of Venezuela Says Trujillo Helped Plotters,” June 26, 1960",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Venezuela Chief Escapes Assassin Plot,” June 25, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10106241960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 565,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Seizes 7 for Plot to Kill President,” June 28, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Injured President of Venezuela Says Trujillo Helped Plotters,” June 26, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Chief Escapes Assassin Plot,” June 25, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81208091960",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-08-09",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Somsanith",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1960-08-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_Lae",
   "• New York Times",
   "“COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED; Rebels Rule Capital, Hold Pro-U.S. Leaders Under",
   "Arrest, Thailand Hears COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED,” August 9, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81208091960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-812-1960-08-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Somsanith",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 107,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_Lae"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED; Rebels Rule Capital, Hold Pro-U.S. Leaders Under Arrest, Thailand Hears COUP BY LEFTISTS IN LAOS REPORTED,” August 9, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81209101960",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-09-10",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1960-09-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Laos May Use Force To Break New Coup,” September 12, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Laos Strife Cited in Reports: Washington Hears Revolt is Aimed at Vientiane Rule –Fears Red",
   "China Move,” September 11, 1960",
   "“Emergency Rule Ordered in Laos: Royal Army is Told to Crush Anti-Neutral Ist Revolt,” September",
   "12, 1960",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Rebel Prince Proclaim Martial Law in Laos: A Surprise ‘Radio coup’ Denied by Royal Government,”",
   "September 12, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81209101960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 139,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laos May Use Force To Break New Coup,” September 12, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Laos Strife Cited in Reports: Washington Hears Revolt is Aimed at Vientiane Rule –Fears Red China Move,” September 11, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Emergency Rule Ordered in Laos: Royal Army is Told to Crush Anti-Neutral Ist Revolt,” September 12, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Prince Proclaim Martial Law in Laos: A Surprise ‘Radio coup’ Denied by Royal Government,” September 12, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10109121960",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-09-12",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1960-09-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“VENEZUELA FOILS ATTEMPTED COUP: Officer Who Seizes Radio Station Wins No Response",
   "to His Pleas for Revolt,” September 13, 1960",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Revolt Fails In Venezuela,” September 13, 1960",
   "• Atlanta Constitution",
   "“Venezuela Crushes Army-Led Revolt,” September 13, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10109121960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1960-09-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 645,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VENEZUELA FOILS ATTEMPTED COUP: Officer Who Seizes Radio Station Wins No Response to His Pleas for Revolt,” September 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Fails In Venezuela,” September 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Atlanta Constitution",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Crushes Army-Led Revolt,” September 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49009141960",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1960-09-14",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Lumumba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1960-09-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#The_Congo_",
   "Crisis_.281960.E 2.80.931965.2",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chief Denies Coup,” by Henry Tanner, September 15, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49009141960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-490-1960-09-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Lumumba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-05-11",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 126,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.03,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chief Denies Coup,” by Henry Tanner, September 15, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16010151960",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-10-15",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Frondizi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1960-10-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Newsday",
   "“Frondizi Wins Power Battle In Argentina,” October 15, 1960",
   "• The Austin American",
   "“Frondizi Bows to Army With Change in Cabinet,” October 16, 1960",
   "• The Sun",
   "“ARGENTINE ROW ENDED: Frondizi Names General As New War Secretary,” October 16, 1960",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Army Wins Political Role In Accord With Frondizi,” October 16, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16010151960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Frondizi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 965,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Frondizi Wins Power Battle In Argentina,” October 15, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin American",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Frondizi Bows to Army With Change in Cabinet,” October 16, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARGENTINE ROW ENDED: Frondizi Names General As New War Secretary,” October 16, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Wins Political Role In Accord With Frondizi,” October 16, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09210261960",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1960-10-26",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Lemus",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1960-10-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Trouble in Salvador New Government Aims For Stability but Reds Keep People on Edge Softness of",
   "Coffee Prices Hurts Economy; Political Uncertainty Slows Trade A Test Of Kennedy’s program trouble",
   "in Salvador: New Regime Aims to Restore Nation’s Stability,” by William E. Giles, March 13, 1961",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Salvador Regime Ousted by Coup,” October 27, 1960",
   "“Salvador Regime Toppled by Army,” January 26, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09210261960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-92-1960-10-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Lemus",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1956-03-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1697,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trouble in Salvador New Government Aims For Stability but Reds Keep People on Edge Softness of Coffee Prices Hurts Economy; Political Uncertainty Slows Trade A Test Of Kennedy’s program trouble in Salvador: New Regime Aims to Restore Nation’s Stability,” by William E. Giles, March 13, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Regime Ousted by Coup,” October 27, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Regime Toppled by Army,” January 26, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81711111960",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-11-11",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ngo Dinh Diem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1960-11-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“ARMY TAKES OVER VIETNAM: Army Ousts Government In Viet-Nam Troops Topple Government",
   "in Viet-Nam,” November 11, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“TOP REBELS JAILED IN SOUTH VIETNAM: Ngo Regime Crushed Coup Attempt–All Insurgent",
   "Troops Surrender Top Rebels Jailed In South Vietnam,”by jacques neva rd, November 13,",
   "1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81711111960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1960-11-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Ngo Dinh Diem",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1955-10-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1846,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": 3000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARMY TAKES OVER VIETNAM: Army Ousts Government In Viet-Nam Troops Topple Government in Viet-Nam,” November 11, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TOP REBELS JAILED IN SOUTH VIETNAM: Ngo Regime Crushed Coup Attempt–All Insurgent Troops Surrender Top Rebels Jailed In South Vietnam,”by jacques neva rd, November 13, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09011131960",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1960-11-13",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1960-11-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Guatemala#Operation_PBSUCCESS"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09011131960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1960-11-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1958-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1029,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Guatemala#Operation_PBSUCCESS"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09211171960",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1960-11-17",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Castillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1960-11-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Revolt Thwarted in San Salvador,” November 18, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Salvador Reports PLot: ‘Subversive’ Attempt Defeated, the Junta Declares,” November 18, 1960",
   "“Salvador Rally Supports Junta: Alleged Counter-Plotters Are Scored – Non-Recognition by U.S.",
   "Protested,” November 21, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09211171960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Castillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1956-03-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1719,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Thwarted in San Salvador,” November 18, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Reports PLot: ‘Subversive’ Attempt Defeated, the Junta Declares,” November 18, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Rally Supports Junta: Alleged Counter-Plotters Are Scored – Non-Recognition by U.S. Protested,” November 21, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16011301960",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1960-11-30",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Frondizi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Argentina on 1960-11-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Argentina,” November 30, 1960",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Five-hour Peronist revolt fails,” December 1, 1960",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Revolts to the Right and Left: Leftwing Castro followers riot in Venezuela as Peronist sympathizers",
   "revolt in Argentina,” December 3, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16011301960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1960-11-30-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Frondizi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1011,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina,” November 30, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Five-hour Peronist revolt fails,” December 1, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolts to the Right and Left: Leftwing Castro followers riot in Venezuela as Peronist sympathizers revolt in Argentina,” December 3, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81212081960",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-12-08",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1960-12-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Milan No citations",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Laotian_coups",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Laos General Sets Up Interim Military Regime: LAOS,” December 11, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81212081960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-812-1960-12-08-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 228,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan No citations",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Laotian_coups"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laos General Sets Up Interim Military Regime: LAOS,” December 11, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81212131960",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1960-12-13",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1960-12-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pro-Western regime Set Up,” December 14, 1960",
   "“Premier Decries Democracy,” December 24, 1960",
   "“Laotian princes Meeting Today to renew Efforts for Coalition,” by Jacques Nevari, June 7, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81212131960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 233,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pro-Western regime Set Up,” December 14, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Premier Decries Democracy,” December 24, 1960"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Laotian princes Meeting Today to renew Efforts for Coalition,” by Jacques Nevari, June 7, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53012141960",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1960-12-14",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Selassie",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 1960-12-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Speech by Prince Reported,” December 15, 1960",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup by Army ends reign of Selassie,” December 15, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53012141960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-530-1960-12-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Selassie",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 331,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Speech by Prince Reported,” December 15, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup by Army ends reign of Selassie,” December 15, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "79012151960",
  "country": "Nepal",
  "country_iso3": "NPL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1960-12-15",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Mahendra",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Nepal on 1960-12-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendra_of_Nepal",
   "• New York Times",
   "“2 Ex-Premiers Nominated To All-Nepali Conference,” June 5, 1962",
   "“King Mahendra of Nepal Dead; Hindu on Throne for 15 years,” January 31, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28.4,
  "lng": 84.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "79012151960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mahendra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendra_of_Nepal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“2 Ex-Premiers Nominated To All-Nepali Conference,” June 5, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“King Mahendra of Nepal Dead; Hindu on Throne for 15 years,” January 31, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53012171960",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1960-12-17",
  "year": 1960,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Selassie",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 1960-12-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Sudden Ethiopia Coup Puzzling: Independence Is Ancient Protege Turns Younger Son Favored Re-",
   "ceives Much Aid,” December 16, 1960",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SELASSIE SHOWS MERCY TO REBELS: Ethiopian Emperor Forgives All Involved in Attempted",
   "Coup Except Leaders,” December 22, 1960",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Ethiopia Coup a ‘Tragic Folly’,” December 25, 1960"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53012171960",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Selassie",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudden Ethiopia Coup Puzzling: Independence Is Ancient Protege Turns Younger Son Favored Receives Much Aid,” December 16, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SELASSIE SHOWS MERCY TO REBELS: Ethiopian Emperor Forgives All Involved in Attempted Coup Except Leaders,” December 22, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia Coup a ‘Tragic Folly’,” December 25, 1960"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09201251961",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1961-01-25",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Castillo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1961-01-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Salvador Regime Toppled by Army,” January 26, 1961",
   "“Salvador Ruled Under Army Law,” by Paul Kennedy, January 27, 1961",
   "“Salvador Ruled under Army Law...” January 27, 1961",
   "“PARTIES PRESSING SALVADOR JUNTA; Ouster of Civilian Members of Regime Demanded –",
   "Capital Is Calm,” by Paul P. Kennedy, January 30, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09201251961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-92-1961-01-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Castillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1956-03-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1788,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Regime Toppled by Army,” January 26, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Ruled Under Army Law,” by Paul Kennedy, January 27, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Ruled under Army Law...” January 27, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“PARTIES PRESSING SALVADOR JUNTA; Ouster of Civilian Members of Regime Demanded – Capital Is Calm,” by Paul P. Kennedy, January 30, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10102201961",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-02-20",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1961-02-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“VENEZUELA COUP FOILED,” February 21, 1961",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Revolt Stopped Without Bloodshed in Venezuela,” February 21, 1961",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Feeble Coup Attempt Quashed in Venezuela,” February 21, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10102201961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1961-02-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 806,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.65,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VENEZUELA COUP FOILED,” February 21, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Stopped Without Bloodshed in Venezuela,” February 21, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Feeble Coup Attempt Quashed in Venezuela,” February 21, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23504081961",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1961-04-08",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Salazar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1961-04-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Portuguese Trial Adjourned,” July 7, 1960",
   "• Manchester Guardian",
   "“31 arrests in Portugal: PLOT TO ’ALTER PUBLIC ORDER’,” May 8, 1959",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Plot to Upset Salazar Smashed, Portugal Says: Rumors Confirmed,” May 8, 1959",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Portugal Says Plot Crushed in March: Silence Explained,” May 7, 1959"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23504081961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salazar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portuguese Trial Adjourned,” July 7, 1960"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“31 arrests in Portugal: PLOT TO ’ALTER PUBLIC ORDER’,” May 8, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to Upset Salazar Smashed, Portugal Says: Rumors Confirmed,” May 8, 1959"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal Says Plot Crushed in March: Silence Explained,” May 7, 1959"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04004171961",
  "country": "Cuba",
  "country_iso3": "CUB",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1961-04-17",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Castro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cuba on 1961-04-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Invades of Cuba Move Toward Havana: 27 HELD: ALLEGED PLOT TO KILL DR. CASTRO,”",
   "April 19, 1961",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Britain Denounces Soviet Claim of U.S. Plot in Cuba: Reds Receiving No Support in the United",
   "Nations,” April 20, 1961",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THE BAY OF PIGS: HATE UNDIMMED AFTER 25 YEARS,” April 17, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": -77.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04004171961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Castro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1958-11-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 896,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Invades of Cuba Move Toward Havana: 27 HELD: ALLEGED PLOT TO KILL DR. CASTRO,” April 19, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Britain Denounces Soviet Claim of U.S. Plot in Cuba: Reds Receiving No Support in the United Nations,” April 20, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THE BAY OF PIGS: HATE UNDIMMED AFTER 25 YEARS,” April 17, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "22004211961",
  "country": "France",
  "country_iso3": "FRA",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1961-04-21",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "De Gaulle",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in France on 1961-04-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Gabon_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“France Scarred By Insurrection: Elite Corps To Disappear In Reconstruction Of A Rmv,” April,301961",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“ORDER RESTORED,” April, 27 1961",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Paris Stays on Alert for Rebel Invasion,” April, 25 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 46.2,
  "lng": 2.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "22004211961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "De Gaulle",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-11-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 873,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.75,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Gabon_coup_d’%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“France Scarred By Insurrection: Elite Corps To Disappear In Reconstruction Of A Rmv,” April,301961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ORDER RESTORED,” April, 27 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paris Stays on Alert for Rebel Invasion,” April, 25 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73205161961",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1961-05-16",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Myun Chang",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Republic of Korea on 1961-05-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee#Rise_to_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Surprises Japan,” May 16, 1961",
   "“Fighting in Seoul,” May 16, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "martial_law_or_curfew"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "73205161961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-732-1961-05-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Myun Chang",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-08-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee#Rise_to_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Surprises Japan,” May 16, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fighting in Seoul,” May 16, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04205301961",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1961-05-30",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Dominican Republic on 1961-05-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo#Trujillo_government",
   "• New York Times",
   "“DOMINICAN PACT A HOPEFUL SIGN; But New Regime Must Overcome Social and Economic",
   "Problems,” by Juan de Onis, December 24, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04205301961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rafael Trujillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1957-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1475,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo#Trujillo_government"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DOMINICAN PACT A HOPEFUL SIGN; But New Regime Must Overcome Social and Economic Problems,” by Juan de Onis, December 24, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10106261961",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-06-26",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1961-06-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Flare-Up in Venezuela,” June 27, 1961",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“REVOLT CRUSHED IN VENEZUELA,” June 27, 1961",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Venezuela Nips Revolt; 13 Killed,” June 27, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10106261961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1961-06-26-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 932,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.65,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Flare-Up in Venezuela,” June 27, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT CRUSHED IN VENEZUELA,” June 27, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Nips Revolt; 13 Killed,” June 27, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73207031961",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1961-07-03",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Chang Do Yong",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 1961-07-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee#Rise_to_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Gen.Chang Quits Top Korea Posts; Pak Heads Junta,” July 4, 1961",
   "“Korea Death Plot Laid to Ex-Chief,” July 7, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73207031961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Chang Do Yong",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1960-08-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee#Rise_to_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gen.Chang Quits Top Korea Posts; Pak Heads Junta,” July 4, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Korea Death Plot Laid to Ex-Chief,” July 7, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16008111961",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-08-11",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Frondizi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1961-08-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentine Rebels Seize 2 Buildings, Fight Police; Band Led By Air Officer Takes Some Radio Stations",
   "– Frondizi Declares Revolt by ‘Hotheads’ Fails,” August 12, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16008111961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1961-08-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Frondizi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1265,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Rebels Seize 2 Buildings, Fight Police; Band Led By Air Officer Takes Some Radio Stations – Frondizi Declares Revolt by ‘Hotheads’ Fails,” August 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14008261961",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-08-26",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ranieri Mazzilli",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1961-08-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranieri_Mazzilli",
   "• New York Times",
   "“‘New Armies’ Take Over In Latin America,” March 8, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14008261961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ranieri Mazzilli",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1960-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 327,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranieri_Mazzilli"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“‘New Armies’ Take Over In Latin America,” March 8, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "07009151961",
  "country": "Mexico",
  "country_iso3": "MEX",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "North America",
  "date": "1961-09-15",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lopez Mateos",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mexico on 1961-09-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Hold General of Mexico on Plot Charges,” September 24, 1961",
   "• LA Times",
   "“29 Charged in Mexican Uprisings,” September 24, 1961",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mexico Accuses 29 of Anti-Regime Plot,” September 24, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.6,
  "lng": -102.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "07009151961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lopez Mateos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1958-07-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1167,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hold General of Mexico on Plot Charges,” September 24, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“29 Charged in Mexican Uprisings,” September 24, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mexico Accuses 29 of Anti-Regime Plot,” September 24, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65209281961",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1961-09-28",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nasser (president of UAR)",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1961-09-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAR#Collapse",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Cabinet is Named,” September 30,1961",
   "“THE WORLD And Now Syria Help for Nasser,” March 11, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65209281961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1961-09-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Nasser (president of UAR)",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1958-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1315,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAR#Collapse"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cabinet is Named,” September 30,1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“THE WORLD And Now Syria Help for Nasser,” March 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45210031961",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1961-10-03",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nkrumah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1961-10-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Political History of Ghana 1950-2013: The Experience of a Non-Conformist. By Dr. Obed Yao",
   "Asmoah, October 20, 2014",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Nkrumah Opens New Spot For Opposition Party–Jail,” October 4, 1961",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“GHANA SEIZES 50 OPPOSITION PARTY LEADERS: Charges Intent to Kill President,” October",
   "4, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45210031961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nkrumah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1960-04-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 524,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Political History of Ghana 1950-2013: The Experience of a Non-Conformist. By Dr. Obed Yao",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "Asmoah, October 20, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nkrumah Opens New Spot For Opposition Party–Jail,” October 4, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GHANA SEIZES 50 OPPOSITION PARTY LEADERS: Charges Intent to Kill President,” October 4, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10010111961",
  "country": "Colombia",
  "country_iso3": "COL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-10-11",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lleras Camargo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Colombia on 1961-10-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“COLOMBIA MUTINY BRINGS ARMY RULE,” October 12, 1961",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“QUELL REVOLT BY SOLDIERS IN COLOMBIA,” October 12, 1961",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Colombia Nips Revolt, Decrees State of Siege,” October 12, 1961",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Colombia Snuffs Out Revolt without Shot,” October 12, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.6,
  "lng": -74.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10010111961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lleras Camargo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-05-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1256,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COLOMBIA MUTINY BRINGS ARMY RULE,” October 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“QUELL REVOLT BY SOLDIERS IN COLOMBIA,” October 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colombia Nips Revolt, Decrees State of Siege,” October 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Colombia Snuffs Out Revolt without Shot,” October 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13010161961",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-10-16",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ecuador on 1961-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ecuador Charges Plot: 16 Are Seized in a Reported Attempt to Oust Regime,” October 17, 1961",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Eucador Plot to Overthrow Govt.,” October 18, 1961",
   "“Army Takes Over Eucador City: Sequel to Rioting,” October 20, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13010161961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 498,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Charges Plot: 16 Are Seized in a Reported Attempt to Oust Regime,” October 17, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Eucador Plot to Overthrow Govt.,” October 18, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Takes Over Eucador City: Sequel to Rioting,” October 20, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13011081961",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1961-11-08",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Arosemena Monroy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1961-11-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E 2%80%931979)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13011081961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1961-11-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Arosemena Monroy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 521,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E2%80%931979)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65111231961",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1961-11-23",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Nasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Egypt on 1961-11-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Arrests Nipped French Plot, Egypt Claims,” November 27, 1961",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Egypt Refuses Plea to Free 4 Held in ‘Plot’,” November 30, 1961",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Egypt Says French Plot Nasser Death: U.A.R. Claims Nine Have Been Seized on Spying Charges,”",
   "November 27, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65111231961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1371,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrests Nipped French Plot, Egypt Claims,” November 27, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt Refuses Plea to Free 4 Held in ‘Plot’,” November 30, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt Says French Plot Nasser Death: U.A.R. Claims Nine Have Been Seized on Spying Charges,” November 27, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52012101961",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1961-12-10",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Osman Daar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Somalia on 1961-12-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_Ulufa%27 alu#Prime_Minister_(1997%E 2%80%932000)",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Solomon_Islands_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Somalia Reports Revolt By 5 Officers Is Foiled,” December 11, 1961",
   "“24 Face Trial in Somalia Coup,” December 14, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52012101961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-520-1961-12-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Osman Daar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1961-06-20",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 173,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_Ulufa%27alu#Prime_Minister_(1997%E2%80%932000)"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Solomon_Islands_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somalia Reports Revolt By 5 Officers Is Foiled,” December 11, 1961"
     },
     {
      "text": "“24 Face Trial in Somalia Coup,” December 14, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43812111961",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1961-12-11",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea on 1961-12-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Reds Plotted His Fall, Says Guinea Leader,” December 13, 1961",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Toure Says Reds PLotted a Coup; Links Communists to Riots by Students Last Month,” December",
   "13, 1961",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Toure Tells of Red PLot To Oust Him,” December 13, 1961"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43812111961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1961-01-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 318,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reds Plotted His Fall, Says Guinea Leader,” December 13, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Toure Says Reds PLotted a Coup; Links Communists to Riots by Students Last Month,” December 13, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Toure Tells of Red PLot To Oust Him,” December 13, 1961"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "74012121961",
  "country": "Japan",
  "country_iso3": "JPN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1961-12-12",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ikeda",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Japan on 1961-12-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“13 Held On Plot of a Tokyo Coup: Rightist Ex-Officers Planned to Kill Ikeda, Police Say,” December",
   "12, 1961",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Ronald Grantham’s Summary of World News: Far East,” December 16, 1961",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanmu_incident"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 36.2,
  "lng": 138.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "74012121961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ikeda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 387,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.83,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“13 Held On Plot of a Tokyo Coup: Rightist Ex-Officers Planned to Kill Ikeda, Police Say,” December 12, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ronald Grantham’s Summary of World News: Far East,” December 16, 1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanmu_incident"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66012311961",
  "country": "Lebanon",
  "country_iso3": "LBN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1961-12-31",
  "year": 1961,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Chehab",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Lebanon on 1961-12-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Article 1–No Title Beirut Prosecution Also Links Jordan To New Year’sEveCoup,”by dana adams",
   "Schmidt, May 10, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 35.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66012311961",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-660-1961-12-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Chehab",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 567,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Article 1–No Title Beirut Prosecution Also Links Jordan To New Year’sEveCoup,”by dana adams Schmidt, May 10, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23501011962",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1962-01-01",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Salazar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1962-01-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Troubled Portugal: A Revolt at Home,” January 2, 1962",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Portugal Guns Down Anti-Salazar Revolt,” January 2, 1962",
   "• Times of India",
   "“LISBON TENSE AFTER THREE UPRISINGS: Ill-fated Coup Planned Against Salazar Regime,”",
   "January 3, 1962",
   "• Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D’´etat, John J. Chin, Joseph Wright, David B. Carter • 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23501011962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-235-1962-01-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Salazar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troubled Portugal: A Revolt at Home,” January 2, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal Guns Down Anti-Salazar Revolt,” January 2, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“LISBON TENSE AFTER THREE UPRISINGS: Ill-fated Coup Planned Against Salazar Regime,” January 3, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D’´etat, John J. Chin, Joseph Wright, David B. Carter • 2022",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04201161962",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1962-01-16",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Balaguer",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Dominican Republic on 1962-01-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Balaguer Quits as Chief After Dominican Rioting...” by the Associated Press, January 17, 1962",
   "“US is Considering Pressure to Oust Dominican Junta,” by E.W.Kenworthy, January 18, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04201161962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-42-1962-01-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Balaguer",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1957-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1706,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Balaguer Quits as Chief After Dominican Rioting...” by the Associated Press, January 17, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“US is Considering Pressure to Oust Dominican Junta,” by E.W.Kenworthy, January 18, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04201191962",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1962-01-19",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Balaguer",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Dominican Republic on 1962-01-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Dominican Coup is ‘Very Gratifying’ to State Dept.,” January 20, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04201191962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Balaguer",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1957-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1709,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dominican Coup is ‘Very Gratifying’ to State Dept.,” January 20, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78001271962",
  "country": "Sri Lanka",
  "country_iso3": "LKA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1962-01-27",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "S Bandaranaike",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sri Lanka on 1962-01-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (29 January 1962)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_military_coup_in_Ceylon,_1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ceylon Arrests Two More,” February 1, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": 80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78001271962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "S Bandaranaike",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-07-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 556,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.67,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (29 January 1962)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_military_coup_in_Ceylon,_1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ceylon Arrests Two More,” February 1, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43302131962",
  "country": "Senegal",
  "country_iso3": "SEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1962-02-13",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Senghor",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Senegal on 1962-02-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Plot in Senegal,” February 15, 1962",
   "“Anti-Senegal Plot Denial,” February 18, 1962",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Senegal Alleges Plot,” February 16, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.5,
  "lng": -14.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43302131962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Senghor",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1960-09-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 526,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot in Senegal,” February 15, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Anti-Senegal Plot Denial,” February 18, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Senegal Alleges Plot,” February 16, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64002221962",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-02-22",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Inonu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1962-02-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (27 February 1962)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“INONU CRITIC SEIZED BY POLICE IN TURKEY,” July 10, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64002221962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-1962-02-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Inonu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1961-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 130,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (27 February 1962)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“INONU CRITIC SEIZED BY POLICE IN TURKEY,” July 10, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77503021962",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1962-03-02",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "U Nu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Myanmar on 1962-03-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Burmese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Junta of 17 is Governing Burma; Gen. Ne Win Defends Army Coup,” March 3, 1962",
   "“BURMA COUP LAID TO FEAR OF A ’LAOS’ Ne Win’s Deputy Says Army Felt Nation Faced",
   "Split,” March 8, 1962",
   "“Burma’s Leader of 26 years Quits, Citing Riots Against Government,” July 24, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77503021962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-775-1962-03-02",
  "leader_in_power": "U Nu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-02-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 755,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Burmese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Junta of 17 is Governing Burma; Gen. Ne Win Defends Army Coup,” March 3, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BURMA COUP LAID TO FEAR OF A ’LAOS’ Ne Win’s Deputy Says Army Felt Nation Faced Split,” March 8, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burma’s Leader of 26 years Quits, Citing Riots Against Government,” July 24, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16003281962",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-03-28",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Frondizi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1962-03-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Declaration: Frondizi Deposed by Military Coup,” March 29, 1962",
   "“Control Jumbled At Buenos Aires: Guido’s aim to keep civilian regime behind struggle,”September",
   "23, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16003281962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1962-03-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Frondizi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1494,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Declaration: Frondizi Deposed by Military Coup,” March 29, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Control Jumbled At Buenos Aires: Guido’s aim to keep civilian regime behind struggle,”September 23, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203281962",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-03-28",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1962-03-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (1 April 1962)",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Regime in Syria Ousted by Army; Junta in Power,” March 28, 1962",
   "“New Syrian Junta Backs Socialism,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 29, 1962",
   "“The Coup in Syria,” April 1, 1962",
   "“Syria Said To Send Mission To Cairo Delegation Reported Seeking Closer Tie With Nasser,”",
   "April 1, 1962",
   "“Syrian Officers Backing Nasser Take Wide Areas,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, April 3, 1962",
   "“Syria Announces Revolt is Ended,” April 4, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203281962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1962-03-28",
  "leader_in_power": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 104,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (1 April 1962)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Regime in Syria Ousted by Army; Junta in Power,” March 28, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Syrian Junta Backs Socialism,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 29, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“The Coup in Syria,” April 1, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syria Said To Send Mission To Cairo Delegation Reported Seeking Closer Tie With Nasser,” April 1, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Officers Backing Nasser Take Wide Areas,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, April 3, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syria Announces Revolt is Ended,” April 4, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203311962",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-03-31",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Zahreddin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1962-03-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Syria Says It Will Seek an Arab Alliance: Revolt Quashed Tuesday,” Farouk Nassar, April 5, 1962",
   "• The Los Angeles Times",
   "“SYRIA ARMY OFFICERS REPORTED REBELLING: SYRIA,” April 2, 1962",
   "“Revolt Ended, Leaders Flee, Syria Claims: SYRIAN REVOLT,” April 4, 1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Coup in Syria: Military Revolt,” April 8, 1962",
   "“SYRIA ANNOUNCES REVOLT IS ENDED: Military Reports Aleppo Is Recovered–Bombers Raid",
   "Insurgent Post,” April 4, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203311962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zahreddin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 107,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria Says It Will Seek an Arab Alliance: Revolt Quashed Tuesday,” Farouk Nassar, April 5, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIA ARMY OFFICERS REPORTED REBELLING: SYRIA,” April 2, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Revolt Ended, Leaders Flee, Syria Claims: SYRIAN REVOLT,” April 4, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Coup in Syria: Military Revolt,” April 8, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SYRIA ANNOUNCES REVOLT IS ENDED: Military Reports Aleppo Is Recovered–Bombers Raid Insurgent Post,” April 4, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65204131962",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-04-13",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Zahreddin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1962-04-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Syria Tighten Control; Friendly to Iraq,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 9, 1963",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coudsi Is Reinstated As Syrian President,” April 14, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65204131962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zahreddin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 120,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Syria Tighten Control; Friendly to Iraq,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 9, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coudsi Is Reinstated As Syrian President,” April 14, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10105041962",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-05-04",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1962-05-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Garrison Revolts in Venezuela,” May 5, 1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Crushes A 2-Day Rebellion,” May 6, 1962",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Venezuelan Troops, Planes Crush Revolt,” May 6, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10105041962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1962-05-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1244,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.66,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Garrison Revolts in Venezuela,” May 5, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Crushes A 2-Day Rebellion,” May 6, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelan Troops, Planes Crush Revolt,” May 6, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73206011962",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1962-06-01",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hee Park",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 1962-06-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup Bid In S. Korea,” June 2, 1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Korea Seizes 41 in Plot on Junta,” June 1, 1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“South Korea Indicts 40 on Charge of Attempted Coup,” July 15, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73206011962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hee Park",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1960-08-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Bid In S. Korea,” June 2, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Korea Seizes 41 in Plot on Junta,” June 1, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Korea Indicts 40 on Charge of Attempted Coup,” July 15, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10106021962",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-06-02",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Betancourt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1962-06-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Recaptures Navy Base From Rebels,” June 3, 1962",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Venezuela Crushing 2d Revolt,” June 3, 1962",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Venezuela Says Revolt Crushed,” June 4, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10106021962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1962-06-02-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Betancourt",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1958-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1273,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.66,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Recaptures Navy Base From Rebels,” June 3, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Crushing 2d Revolt,” June 3, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Says Revolt Crushed,” June 4, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13507181962",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-07-18",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ugarteche",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1962-07-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_P%C 3%A 9 rez_Godoy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Washington Suspends Ties With Lima After Its Coup; U.S. BREAKS TIES WITH PERUVIANS,”",
   "July 19, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13507181962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1962-07-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Ugarteche",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1962-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 38,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_P%C3%A9rez_Godoy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Washington Suspends Ties With Lima After Its Coup; U.S. BREAKS TIES WITH PERUVIANS,” July 19, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65207291962",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-07-29",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Syria on 1962-07-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“SYRIA FOILS PLOT BLAMED ON EGYPTIANS,” July 30, 1972",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SYRIANS ASSERT PLOT ON REGIME IS FOILED,” July 30, 1972",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Foiled, Syrians Assert Pro-Egypt Overthrow Plot,” July 30, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65207291962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 227,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIA FOILS PLOT BLAMED ON EGYPTIANS,” July 30, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIANS ASSERT PLOT ON REGIME IS FOILED,” July 30, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foiled, Syrians Assert Pro-Egypt Overthrow Plot,” July 30, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61508081962",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1962-08-08",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ben Khedda",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Algeria on 1962-08-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Benyoucef_Benkhedda",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Algerian regime Yields Power to Ben Bella Unit,” by Henry Tanner, August 8, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61508081962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ben Khedda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1962-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 38,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Benyoucef_Benkhedda"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algerian regime Yields Power to Ben Bella Unit,” by Henry Tanner, August 8, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16008091962",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-08-09",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1962-08-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Rebel Argentine Troops March on Buenos Aires,” August 11, 1962",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Rebel Troops Advance From Buenos Aires Position: SPOKESMAN DECLARES THEY ARE DE-",
   "Termined To Replace President Forces Are Reportedly Led By Tanks And Armored Trucks,”",
   "August 11, 1962",
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Argentine General Stages Revolt,” August 9, 1962",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Argentina’s Crisis Ends,” August 12, 1962",
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“Rebels Demand Guido Resignation,” August 11, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16008091962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1628,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Argentine Troops March on Buenos Aires,” August 11, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Troops Advance From Buenos Aires Position: SPOKESMAN DECLARES THEY ARE DETermined To Replace President Forces Are Reportedly Led By Tanks And Armored Trucks,” August 11, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine General Stages Revolt,” August 9, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina’s Crisis Ends,” August 12, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Demand Guido Resignation,” August 11, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65209201962",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-09-20",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Syria on 1962-09-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Syria to Moot House Dissolution,” September 20, 1962",
   "“Syrian Parliament is Dissolved,” September 21, 1962",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Parliament in Syria Ended by Premier It Chose,” September 21, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65209201962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 280,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria to Moot House Dissolution,” September 20, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Parliament is Dissolved,” September 21, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Parliament in Syria Ended by Premier It Chose,” September 21, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16009221962",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-09-22",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1962-09-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“THE WAR FOR ARGENTINA: Guido On Top 4 Rebels’ Win Jets Decisive,” September 23, 1962",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“HERE’S WHAT LED TO STRIFE IN ARGENTINA: LINGERING ILLS BEHIND CRISIS IN AR-",
   "GENTINA,” September 23, 1962",
   "• South China Sunday Post - Herald",
   "“FANTASTIC SWITCH IN ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, Sept. 22,” September 23, 1962",
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“Troops Switch Sides In Argentina’s Crisis: ’Rebels’Now Battle To Save Pres. Guido,” SamSummer-",
   "lin, September 22, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16009221962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1962-09-19-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1672,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THE WAR FOR ARGENTINA: Guido On Top 4 Rebels’ Win Jets Decisive,” September 23, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HERE’S WHAT LED TO STRIFE IN ARGENTINA: LINGERING ILLS BEHIND CRISIS IN ARGENTINA,” September 23, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Sunday Post - Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“FANTASTIC SWITCH IN ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, Sept. 22,” September 23, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Switch Sides In Argentina’s Crisis: ’Rebels’Now Battle To Save Pres. Guido,” SamSummerlin, September 22, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67809271962",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1962-09-27",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Badr",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1962-09-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Badr",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Imam of Yemen Reported Slain in Coup After a Week on Throne,” September 28, 1962",
   "“Yemeni Rebel Army Executes 10; Appoints a Premier and Cabinet,” September 29, 1962",
   "“Coup is Proclaimed by Army in Yemen,” November 5, 1967",
   "“Army Coup Ousts Yemeni President,” by Eric Pace, November 6, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67809271962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-678-1962-09-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Badr",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": 12,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Badr"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Imam of Yemen Reported Slain in Coup After a Week on Throne,” September 28, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Yemeni Rebel Army Executes 10; Appoints a Premier and Cabinet,” September 29, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup is Proclaimed by Army in Yemen,” November 5, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Coup Ousts Yemeni President,” by Eric Pace, November 6, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14509291962",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-09-29",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1962-09-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“BOLIVIA SEES A PLOT, SIEGE IS DECLARED,” September 30, 1962",
   "“NEW PLOT REPORTED BY BOLIVIAN REGIME,” October 2, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14509291962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1960-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 846,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BOLIVIA SEES A PLOT, SIEGE IS DECLARED,” September 30, 1962"
     },
     {
      "text": "“NEW PLOT REPORTED BY BOLIVIAN REGIME,” October 2, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47510011962",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1962-10-01",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Balewa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Nigeria on 1962-10-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria Imprisons Opposition Head for 10 Years Chief Awolowo Found Guilty After Long Treason",
   "Trial 17 Other Prominent Figures Are Also Sentenced Police Guard City ’Tools in a Grand Design’,”",
   "September 12, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47510011962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Balewa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1959-12-12",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1024,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Imprisons Opposition Head for 10 Years Chief Awolowo Found Guilty After Long Treason Trial 17 Other Prominent Figures Are Also Sentenced Police Guard City ’Tools in a Grand Design’,” September 12, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16011231962",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-11-23",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Argentina on 1962-11-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Accused Argentine General Is Sent to Military Prison,” November 24, 1962",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Argentina Says Plot to Oust President Upset,” November 23, 1962",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Argentina Quells Rebellion Plot: Argentina Breaks Up Revolt Plot Shooting,”November 23,1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16011231962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1734,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Accused Argentine General Is Sent to Military Prison,” November 24, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Says Plot to Oust President Upset,” November 23, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Quells Rebellion Plot: Argentina Breaks Up Revolt Plot Shooting,”November 23,1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09011251962",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1962-11-25",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1962-11-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Guatemala Snuffs Weekend Revolt,” November 26, 1962",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Guatemala Quells Air Force Revolt; Palace Is Strafed: TwoKilled; Castro Ites Are Blamed,”November",
   "26, 1962",
   "• Minneapolis Star",
   "“Guatemala Army Quickly Stops Air Force Revolt,” November 26, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09011251962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1962-11-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1958-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1771,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Snuffs Weekend Revolt,” November 26, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Quells Air Force Revolt; Palace Is Strafed: TwoKilled; Castro Ites Are Blamed,”November 26, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Minneapolis Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Army Quickly Stops Air Force Revolt,” November 26, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16012121962",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1962-12-12",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1962-12-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Argentina Suppresses Revolt; Air Force Rebels Surrender: Airbase Strafed,” William Horsey Decem-",
   "ber 13, 1962",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Argentina Air Force Revolt Collapses,” William Horsey, December 13, 1962",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Argentina Hit By New Revolt,” December 12, 1962",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Argentina Ends Revolt Of Air Force Leaders,” December 12, 1962",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Rebellion in Argentina Now Under Control,” December 12, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16012121962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1753,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Suppresses Revolt; Air Force Rebels Surrender: Airbase Strafed,” William Horsey December 13, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Air Force Revolt Collapses,” William Horsey, December 13, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Hit By New Revolt,” December 12, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Ends Revolt Of Air Force Leaders,” December 12, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion in Argentina Now Under Control,” December 12, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43312171962",
  "country": "Senegal",
  "country_iso3": "SEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1962-12-17",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Senghor",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Senegal on 1962-12-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C 3%A 9 opold_S%C 3%A 9 dar_Senghor#Political_career:_1945.E 2.",
   "80.931982",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Senegal Constitution Adds to Senghor’s Power,” February 7, 1963",
   "Serbia and Montenegro"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.5,
  "lng": -14.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43312171962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-433-1962-12-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Senghor",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1960-09-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 833,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Senegal Constitution Adds to Senghor’s Power,” February 7, 1963 Serbia and Montenegro"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61612191962",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1962-12-19",
  "year": 1962,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ben Ali Bourguiba",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Tunisia on 1962-12-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Foreign-Directed Plot Quelled, Tunis Reports,” December 25, 1962",
   "• New York Herald Tribune",
   "“Plot Against Bourguiba Smashed; 100 Arrested,” December 25, 1962"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61612191962",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ben Ali Bourguiba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1959-11-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1137,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foreign-Directed Plot Quelled, Tunis Reports,” December 25, 1962"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Against Bourguiba Smashed; 100 Arrested,” December 25, 1962"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46101131963",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1963-01-13",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Olympio",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1963-01-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Togolese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Olympio, a Dean among Africans,” January 14, 1963",
   "“Togo President is Slain in Coup; Rebels Take Over,” January 14, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46101131963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-461-1963-01-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Olympio",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 644,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Olympio, a Dean among Africans,” January 14, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Togo President is Slain in Coup; Rebels Take Over,” January 14, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65201131963",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-01-13",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1963-01-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“SYRIAN PRESIDENT DISSUADED REBELS: Talked Nahl A Wi And 3 Aides Out Of Attempting Coup",
   "Among Leaders of Coups,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, January 18, 1963",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Syria Staves Off Threat Of Coup,” January 17, 1963",
   "• The Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Calm Returns To Syria After Coup Attempt: Leaders of Coup Attempt,” January 27, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65201131963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 395,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIAN PRESIDENT DISSUADED REBELS: Talked Nahl A Wi And 3 Aides Out Of Attempting Coup Among Leaders of Coups,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, January 18, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria Staves Off Threat Of Coup,” January 17, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Calm Returns To Syria After Coup Attempt: Leaders of Coup Attempt,” January 27, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45002051963",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1963-02-05",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Tubman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Liberia on 1963-02-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Amsterdam News",
   "“Foil Plot To Kill Tubman,” February 9, 1963",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Chief of Liberia Army Seized for Revolt Plot,” February 6, 1963",
   "• Atlanta Daily World",
   "“Fourth Attack On Liberia President Tubman’s Life Fails,” February 10, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45002051963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tubman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1959-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1372,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Amsterdam News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foil Plot To Kill Tubman,” February 9, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chief of Liberia Army Seized for Revolt Plot,” February 6, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Atlanta Daily World",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fourth Attack On Liberia President Tubman’s Life Fails,” February 10, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64502081963",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-02-08",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1963-02-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nasserite Coup in Iraq Topples Kasim’s Regime,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, February 9, 1963",
   "“Army Said To Oust Baathists In Iraq President Reported To Lead Revolt Communications",
   "From Baghdad Cut Guard to Be Dissolved ARMY SAID TO OUST BAATHISTS IN IRAQ Curfew",
   "Is Proclaimed Events Leading to Revolt,” November 18, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64502081963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1963-02-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Karrim Kassem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nasserite Coup in Iraq Topples Kasim’s Regime,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, February 9, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Said To Oust Baathists In Iraq President Reported To Lead Revolt Communications From Baghdad Cut Guard to Be Dissolved ARMY SAID TO OUST BAATHISTS IN IRAQ Curfew Is Proclaimed Events Leading to Revolt,” November 18, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13503031963",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1963-03-03",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Perez Godoy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Peru on 1963-03-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_P%C 3%A 9 rez_Godoy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Peru Chief Ousted in Military Power Dispute,” March 4, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13503031963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1963-03-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Perez Godoy",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1962-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 266,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_P%C3%A9rez_Godoy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru Chief Ousted in Military Power Dispute,” March 4, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203081963",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-03-08",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1963-03-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Syria Tighten Control; Friendly to Iraq,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 9, 1963",
   "“Atassi is Named as Syria’s Chief,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 25, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203081963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1963-03-08",
  "leader_in_power": "El-Kudsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 449,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d’%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Syria Tighten Control; Friendly to Iraq,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 9, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Atassi is Named as Syria’s Chief,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, March 25, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16003101963",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1963-03-10",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1963-03-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Report Plot is Crushed By Argentina,” March 11, 1963",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Peronists Score In Argentina,” March 11, 1963",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Broken Up In Argentina,” March 10, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16003101963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1841,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report Plot is Crushed By Argentina,” March 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peronists Score In Argentina,” March 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Broken Up In Argentina,” March 10, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70003101963",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1963-03-10",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Afghanistan on 1963-03-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan",
   "• New York Times “Afghan King Overthrown; A Republic is Proclaimed,” July 18, 1973",
   "“Deposed Afghan King,” July 18, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70003101963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times “Afghan King Overthrown; A Republic is Proclaimed,” July 18, 1973",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Deposed Afghan King,” July 18, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09003301963",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1963-03-30",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1963-03-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Yd%C 3%ADgoras_Fuentes",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala Rule Seized by Army,” April 1, 1963",
   "“GUATEMALA RULE SEIZED BY ARMY; BAN ON REDS SEEN Defense Minister Is Head of",
   "New Regime–Ydigoras Arrives in Nicaragua CHARTER IS SUSPENDED Legislature Dissolved and",
   "Political Activity Barred– Capital Generally Calm GUATEMALA RULE SEIZED BY ARMY,” April",
   "1, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09003301963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1963-03-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Ydigoras Fuente",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1958-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1896,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Yd%C3%ADgoras_Fuentes"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Rule Seized by Army,” April 1, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALA RULE SEIZED BY ARMY; BAN ON REDS SEEN Defense Minister Is Head of New Regime–Ydigoras Arrives in Nicaragua CHARTER IS SUSPENDED Legislature Dissolved and Political Activity Barred– Capital Generally Calm GUATEMALA RULE SEIZED BY ARMY,” April 1, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16004021963",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1963-04-02",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guido",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1963-04-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Argentine_Navy_Revolt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentina Frees 1,800 By Decree: Amnesty Eases Way for New President on Oct. 12,” by Edward",
   "C. Burks, September 13, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16004021963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1963-04-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Guido",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1958-02-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1864,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Argentine_Navy_Revolt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina Frees 1,800 By Decree: Amnesty Eases Way for New President on Oct. 12,” by Edward C. Burks, September 13, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46104091963",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1963-04-09",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Togo on 1963-04-09, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Togo Coup Foiled With Leaders Held: In Former Regime,” April 11, 1963",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Togolese Thwart Attempted Coup,” April 11, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46104091963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 730,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo Coup Foiled With Leaders Held: In Former Regime,” April 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togolese Thwart Attempted Coup,” April 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64005201963",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-05-20",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Inonu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1963-05-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“TURKEY SEEKS DEATH FOR 36 AS PLOTTERS,” June 5, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64005201963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-1963-05-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Inonu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1961-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 582,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": 7,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TURKEY SEEKS DEATH FOR 36 AS PLOTTERS,” June 5, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64507031963",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-07-03",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1963-07-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Iraq Crushes Coup Attempt at Army Camp; Blames Commies, Kurdish Rebels,” July 4, 1963",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq Foils Uprising by Reds at Base,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, July 4, 1963",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Red Attempt to Overthrow Regime Crushed in Half Hour, Iraq Reports,” by Alan Brown, July 4,",
   "1963",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-Rashid_revolt"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64507031963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Crushes Coup Attempt at Army Camp; Blames Commies, Kurdish Rebels,” July 4, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Foils Uprising by Reds at Base,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, July 4, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Red Attempt to Overthrow Regime Crushed in Half Hour, Iraq Reports,” by Alan Brown, July 4, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-Rashid_revolt"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13007111963",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1963-07-11",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Arosemena Monroy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1963-07-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Julio_Arosemena_Monroy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“U.S. Recognizes the Junta As Ecuador’s Government,” August 1, 1963",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“New Junta Outlaws Ecuador Red Party,” July 13, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13007111963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1963-07-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Arosemena Monroy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1960-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1131,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Julio_Arosemena_Monroy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Recognizes the Junta As Ecuador’s Government,” August 1, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Junta Outlaws Ecuador Red Party,” July 13, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65207181963",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-07-18",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "L. Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1963-07-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Syrian Army Puts Down A Rebellion by Nasse Rites: Pro-Nasser Rebellion in Syria Crushed by Gov-",
   "ernment Troops Syria Plagued by Tensions Syrians Talk with Nasser,” July 19, 1963",
   "“UNITY GETS NO PLACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST Flare Up of Dispute Between Nasser and",
   "Baathists Shatters the Dream of Egypt-Syria-Iraq Union Three Stars Vituperative Questions Rigid",
   "Control Alternative to Nasser Open Warfare,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, July 28, 1963",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup Foiled in Syria,” July 19, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65207181963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1963-07-18-2",
  "leader_in_power": "L. Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 581,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d’%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Army Puts Down A Rebellion by Nasse Rites: Pro-Nasser Rebellion in Syria Crushed by Government Troops Syria Plagued by Tensions Syrians Talk with Nasser,” July 19, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“UNITY GETS NO PLACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST Flare Up of Dispute Between Nasser and Baathists Shatters the Dream of Egypt-Syria-Iraq Union Three Stars Vituperative Questions Rigid Control Alternative to Nasser Open Warfare,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, July 28, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Foiled in Syria,” July 19, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "60007201963",
  "country": "Morocco",
  "country_iso3": "MAR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1963-07-20",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hassan II",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Morocco on 1963-07-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Morocco Says Plot Smashed: Contact Reported,” August 17, 1963",
   "• New York Times",
   "“MOROCCO DETAILS CHARGES OF PLOT: Regime Says Leftists Sought Arms From U.S. Base,”",
   "August 16, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 31.8,
  "lng": -7.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "60007201963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1962-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 225,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Morocco Says Plot Smashed: Contact Reported,” August 17, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“MOROCCO DETAILS CHARGES OF PLOT: Regime Says Leftists Sought Arms From U.S. Base,” August 16, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65207271963",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-07-27",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "L. Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Syria on 1963-07-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz",
   "• New York Times",
   "“El Hafez Takes Control in Syria,” July 28, 1963",
   "“Syrian Strongman is Reported Ousted in Damascus Coup,” February 23, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65207271963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "L. Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 590,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“El Hafez Takes Control in Syria,” July 28, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Strongman is Reported Ousted in Damascus Coup,” February 23, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04108071963",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1963-08-07",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 1963-08-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti claims rout of exile invasion,” August 8, 1963",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Papa Doc Rides out another one,” August 10, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04108071963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-04-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 829,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti claims rout of exile invasion,” August 8, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Papa Doc Rides out another one,” August 10, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48408151963",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1963-08-15",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Youlou",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; tried; exiled",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Congo on 1963-08-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulbert_Youlou",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Youlou Forced Out by Brazzaville Mob,” August 16, 1963",
   "“Fear on Youlou’s Fate Sparks Riot Against Brazzaville Regime: Outside Communication With the",
   "Former French Congo Cut – Troops on Patrol,” February 8, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48408151963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Youlou",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 872,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulbert_Youlou"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Youlou Forced Out by Brazzaville Mob,” August 16, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fear on Youlou’s Fate Sparks Riot Against Brazzaville Regime: Outside Communication With the Former French Congo Cut – Troops on Patrol,” February 8, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14009121963",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1963-09-12",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Goulart",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1963-09-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Enlisted Men’s Revolt In Brazil Is Foiled,” September 13, 1963",
   "• Philadelphia Inquirer",
   "“Brazil Revolt Ends,” September 13, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14009121963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-140-1963-09-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Goulart",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1963-01-06",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 249,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Enlisted Men’s Revolt In Brazil Is Foiled,” September 13, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Philadelphia Inquirer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil Revolt Ends,” September 13, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04209251963",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1963-09-25",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bosch",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Dominican Republic on 1963-09-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Seizes Dominican Rule: Bosch is Deposed,” September 26, 1963",
   "“DOMINICAN REDS HURT BY FAILURES Factions Appear Divided on Action After 2 Setbacks,”",
   "by Paul Hofmann, November 7, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04209251963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-42-1963-09-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Bosch",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1962-12-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 279,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bosch"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Seizes Dominican Rule: Bosch is Deposed,” September 26, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“DOMINICAN REDS HURT BY FAILURES Factions Appear Divided on Action After 2 Setbacks,” by Paul Hofmann, November 7, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61509291963",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1963-09-29",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Bella",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1963-09-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Minneapolis Morning Tribune",
   "“Rebels Open All-Out Fight to Overthrow Algerian President,” September 30, 1963",
   "• Pittsburg Post-Gazette",
   "“Benbella Faces Revolt In Algiers: Berbers, Socialists Demonstrate, Call For All Out Fight,”September",
   "30, 1963",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“3000 Rally in Algeria, Vow to Depose Ben Bella,’ September 30, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61509291963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bella",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 14,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Minneapolis Morning Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Open All-Out Fight to Overthrow Algerian President,” September 30, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Pittsburg Post-Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benbella Faces Revolt In Algiers: Berbers, Socialists Demonstrate, Call For All Out Fight,”September 30, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3000 Rally in Algeria, Vow to Depose Ben Bella,’ September 30, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09110031963",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1963-10-03",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Villeda Morales",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1963-10-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C 3%B 3n_Villeda_Morales",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ousted Honduran Chief Offers to Resign Post,” October 22, 1963",
   "“Two Honduran Parties in Election in Dispute,” February 16, 1965",
   "“Honduras Inducts President,” June 7, 1965",
   "“Honduras Back on Course,” April 5, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09110031963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1963-10-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Villeda Morales",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1957-11-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2147,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Villeda_Morales"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ousted Honduran Chief Offers to Resign Post,” October 22, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Two Honduran Parties in Election in Dispute,” February 16, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Inducts President,” June 7, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Back on Course,” April 5, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43410281963",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1963-10-28",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Maga",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1963-10-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Maga#Dessou_riots_and_1963_coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Dahomey’s Army Chief Unseats Day-Old Regime,” October 29, 1963",
   "“One Million Votes in Dahomey,” January 20, 1964",
   "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43410281963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1963-10-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Maga",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1960-12-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1051,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Maga"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dahomey’s Army Chief Unseats Day-Old Regime,” October 29, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“One Million Votes in Dahomey,” January 20, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81711011963",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1963-11-01",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ngo Dinh Diem",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1963-11-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup in Saigon,” November 2, 1963",
   "“After Coup,” November 10, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81711011963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1963-11-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Ngo Dinh Diem",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 936,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": 36,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Saigon,” November 2, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After Coup,” November 10, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64511131963",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-11-13",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1963-11-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“NEW IRAQI CHIEF VOWS NEUTRALITY Arif Stresses Non Alignment –Offers Peace to Kurds,”",
   "by Dana Adams Schmidt, November 23, 1963",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Iraq Coup Bid Fails,” November 14, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64511131963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEW IRAQI CHIEF VOWS NEUTRALITY Arif Stresses Non Alignment –Offers Peace to Kurds,” by Dana Adams Schmidt, November 23, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Coup Bid Fails,” November 14, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64511181963",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1963-11-18",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1963-11-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“IRAQI BLOC INCLUDING BAATH IS PROJECTED,” December 11, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64511181963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1963-11-18-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IRAQI BLOC INCLUDING BAATH IS PROJECTED,” December 11, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49011191963",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1963-11-19",
  "year": 1963,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Kasavubu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1963-11-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Atlanta Daily World",
   "“Red Plot to Overthrow Congolese Government Hinted Following Arrests: 2 Red Diplomats Beaten,",
   "Arrested by Congo Police,” November 21, 1963",
   "“Entire Soviet Embassy Staff is Ordered Out of Congo After Overthrow Plot Told: Russia Accused of",
   "Aiding Plot to Overthrow Gov’t,” November 22, 1963",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Charges Russ Back Plot to Oust Adoula: Congo Tess Embassy Staff to Leave,” November 22, 1963",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Congo Ousts Soviet Aides; Suspends Ties To Moscow: Entire Embassy Staff Is Told To Leave–Adoula",
   "Asserts Diplomats Sought to Undermine His Regime,” November 22, 1963"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49011191963",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kasavubu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1960-05-11",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1287,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Atlanta Daily World",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Red Plot to Overthrow Congolese Government Hinted Following Arrests: 2 Red Diplomats Beaten, Arrested by Congo Police,” November 21, 1963"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Entire Soviet Embassy Staff is Ordered Out of Congo After Overthrow Plot Told: Russia Accused of Aiding Plot to Overthrow Gov’t,” November 22, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Charges Russ Back Plot to Oust Adoula: Congo Tess Embassy Staff to Leave,” November 22, 1963"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Ousts Soviet Aides; Suspends Ties To Moscow: Entire Embassy Staff Is Told To Leave–Adoula Asserts Diplomats Sought to Undermine His Regime,” November 22, 1963"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51001191964",
  "country": "Tanzania",
  "country_iso3": "TZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1964-01-19",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nyerere",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Tanzania on 1964-01-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (20 January 1964)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President Reported in Command,” January 21, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.4,
  "lng": 34.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51001191964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nyerere",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1962-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 444,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (20 January 1964)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Reported in Command,” January 21, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16501241964",
  "country": "Uruguay",
  "country_iso3": "URY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1964-01-24",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Crespo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uruguay on 1964-01-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“2 Uruguay Papers Report Plot for Revolt Is Smashed,” January 27, 1964",
   "• The Philadelphia Inquirer Public Ledger",
   "“Uruguay Blocks Rightist Revolt,” January 28, 1964",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Uruguay Rebel Move Is Quashed,” January 27, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -32.5,
  "lng": -55.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16501241964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Crespo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1962-11-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 425,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.77,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“2 Uruguay Papers Report Plot for Revolt Is Smashed,” January 27, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Philadelphia Inquirer Public Ledger",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uruguay Blocks Rightist Revolt,” January 28, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uruguay Rebel Move Is Quashed,” January 27, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81701301964",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1964-01-30",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Minh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1964-01-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_South_Vietnamese_coup",
   "• New York Times",
   "“4 Generals Held,” by Hedrick Smith, January 30, 1964",
   "“U.S. Aides Laud Leader But Deny a Role in Coup Officials Are Embarrassed That Saigon Regime",
   "They Backed Is Overthrown – Urge Place for General Minh U.S. Aides Laud Coup’s Leader But",
   "Disclaim Any Role in Revolt,” by James Reston, January 30, 1964",
   "“Riots Continuing,” by Peter Grose, August 26, 1964",
   "“Vietnam Council Chooses Civilian as Chief of State,” by Peter Grose, October 25, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81701301964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1964-01-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Minh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1026,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_South_Vietnamese_coup"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“4 Generals Held,” by Hedrick Smith, January 30, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Aides Laud Leader But Deny a Role in Coup Officials Are Embarrassed That Saigon Regime They Backed Is Overthrown – Urge Place for General Minh U.S. Aides Laud Coup’s Leader But Disclaim Any Role in Revolt,” by James Reston, January 30, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Riots Continuing,” by Peter Grose, August 26, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Vietnam Council Chooses Civilian as Chief of State,” by Peter Grose, October 25, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48102171964",
  "country": "Gabon",
  "country_iso3": "GAB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1964-02-17",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gabon on 1964-02-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ousted Gabonese: Leon Mba,” February 19, 1964",
   "“Gabon’s President Ousted by Bloodless Army Coup,” February 19, 1964",
   "“U.S. Queries France on Rumor Americans Aided Gabon Coup,” March 12, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 11.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48102171964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-481-1964-02-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Mba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1961-02-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1100,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ousted Gabonese: Leon Mba,” February 19, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gabon’s President Ousted by Bloodless Army Coup,” February 19, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Queries France on Rumor Americans Aided Gabon Coup,” March 12, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48102191964",
  "country": "Gabon",
  "country_iso3": "GAB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1964-02-19",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Mba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gabon on 1964-02-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Gabon_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Hold First Election Since Revolt in Gabon,” April 13, 1964",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Gabon President Resumes Office,” by Lloyd Garrison, February 21, 1964",
   "“Leon Mba, President of Gabon Since Independence, Dies at 65, De Gaulle Follower...” November 29,",
   "1967",
   "“Mba’s Bloc Wins 27 seats in 47-Man Gabon Assembly,” April 14, 1964",
   "“GABON CONVICTS 17 IN FEBRUARY’S COUP,” September 10, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 11.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48102191964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1961-02-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1102,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Gabon_coup_d’%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hold First Election Since Revolt in Gabon,” April 13, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gabon President Resumes Office,” by Lloyd Garrison, February 21, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Leon Mba, President of Gabon Since Independence, Dies at 65, De Gaulle Follower...” November 29, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mba’s Bloc Wins 27 seats in 47-Man Gabon Assembly,” April 14, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“GABON CONVICTS 17 IN FEBRUARY’S COUP,” September 10, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43403131964",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1964-03-13",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Apithy",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Benin on 1964-03-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Dahomey Army Puts Down a Tribal Insurrection,” March 16, 1964",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Rebal Chief Taken By Dohomey Troops,” March 16, 1964",
   "• Washington Post and Times Herald",
   "“Troops Quell Tribal Riots in Dahomey,” March 16, 1964",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43403131964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Apithy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 54,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dahomey Army Puts Down a Tribal Insurrection,” March 16, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebal Chief Taken By Dohomey Troops,” March 16, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post and Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Quell Tribal Riots in Dahomey,” March 16, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67003261964",
  "country": "Saudi Arabia",
  "country_iso3": "SAU",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1964-03-26",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Saud",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Saudi Arabia on 1964-03-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Saudi Arabia in royal purge over ’coup plot’,” March 7, 2020",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Saudis’ arrest of 2 princes called a warning to royal family,”, March 8, 2020",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Saudi Prince Detains Senior Members of Royal Family,” March 6, 2020"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.9,
  "lng": 45.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67003261964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saud",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.01,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saudi Arabia in royal purge over ’coup plot’,” March 7, 2020"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saudis’ arrest of 2 princes called a warning to royal family,”, March 8, 2020"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saudi Prince Detains Senior Members of Royal Family,” March 6, 2020"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14004011964",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1964-04-01",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Goulart",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1964-04-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewal_Alliance_Party",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Brazilian rebels Claim Victory, Goulart Quits Capital...,” April 2, 1964",
   "“Goulart Believed in Exile; Brazil Swears new Chief...” April 3, 1964",
   "“THOUSANDS HELD IN BRAZIL’S DRIVE TO ROOT OUT REDS Fears of Reversal of Coup by",
   "Leftist Supporters Lead to Wide Arrests CACHES OF ARMS SEIZED Military and Press Charge",
   "That Purge Is Not Being Pushed Hard Enough THOUSANDS HELD IN BRAZIL AS REDS,” April",
   "6, 1964",
   "“Gen, Castelo Branco Named Brazil Chief,” by Edward Burks, April 12, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "14004011964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-140-1964-03-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Goulart",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1963-01-06",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 451,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewal_Alliance_Party"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazilian rebels Claim Victory, Goulart Quits Capital...,” April 2, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Goulart Believed in Exile; Brazil Swears new Chief...” April 3, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“THOUSANDS HELD IN BRAZIL’S DRIVE TO ROOT OUT REDS Fears of Reversal of Coup by Leftist Supporters Lead to Wide Arrests CACHES OF ARMS SEIZED Military and Press Charge That Purge Is Not Being Pushed Hard Enough THOUSANDS HELD IN BRAZIL AS REDS,” April 6, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gen, Castelo Branco Named Brazil Chief,” by Edward Burks, April 12, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81204191964",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1964-04-19",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1964-04-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Fighting Disturbs U.S.,” by Hedrick Smith, May 16, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81204191964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-812-1964-04-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1456,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fighting Disturbs U.S.,” by Hedrick Smith, May 16, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04106141964",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1964-06-14",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Haiti on 1964-06-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 ois_Duvalier",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Duvalier is elected President for Life,” June 15, 1964",
   "• Newsday",
   "“‘Papa Doc’ Writes Himself a Lifetime Rx,” June 15, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04106141964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1961-04-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1141,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Duvalier is elected President for Life,” June 15, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“‘Papa Doc’ Writes Himself a Lifetime Rx,” June 15, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61506301964",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1964-06-30",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bella",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1964-06-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ALGERIAN OFFICER BEGINS REBELLION: Government Troops Said to Enter Insurgents’ Base",
   "– Ben Bella Makes Plea,” July 2, 1964",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Ben Bella Appeals For Army Support,” July 3, 1964",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Algeria May Arm Civilians to End Revolt: Pledges Purge,” July 6, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61506301964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-615-1964-06-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Bella",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 289,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ALGERIAN OFFICER BEGINS REBELLION: Government Troops Said to Enter Insurgents’ Base – Ben Bella Makes Plea,” July 2, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ben Bella Appeals For Army Support,” July 3, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria May Arm Civilians to End Revolt: Pledges Purge,” July 6, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46107041964",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1964-07-04",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Togo on 1964-07-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• African Report",
   "“News in Brief,” August 1, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46107041964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 426,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "African Report",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News in Brief,” August 1, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64509051964",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1964-09-05",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1964-09-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq Said to foil coup, executing 5,” September 11, 1964",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Report 1000 arrested in abortive Iraq coup,” September 11, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64509051964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Said to foil coup, executing 5,” September 11, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report 1000 arrested in abortive Iraq coup,” September 11, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81709131964",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1964-09-13",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Khanh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1964-09-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh#Junta_in fighting",
   "• New York Times",
   "“VIETNAM’S Faiths Underlie Rising Buddhist-Catholic Disputes Sharpened Under Diem,”by",
   "David Halberstam, September 14, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81709131964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1964-09-13-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Khanh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1253,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VIETNAM’S Faiths Underlie Rising Buddhist-Catholic Disputes Sharpened Under Diem,”by David Halberstam, September 14, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09309241964",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1964-09-24",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Shick Gutierrez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Nicaragua on 1964-09-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor “Nicaragua Reports Plot Discovered,” September 26, 1964",
   "• New York Times “Thwarting of Coup Plot Reported in Nicaragua,” September 25, 1964",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Nicaraguan Plotters Held,” September 26, 1964",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“4 ADMIT PLOT TO KILL CHIEFS IN NICARAGUA,” September 26, 1964 “SIX HELD IN PLOT",
   "TO KILL PRESIDENT OF NICARAGUA,” September 27, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09309241964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Shick Gutierrez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-02-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 599,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor “Nicaragua Reports Plot Discovered,” September 26, 1964",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times “Thwarting of Coup Plot Reported in Nicaragua,” September 25, 1964",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaraguan Plotters Held,” September 26, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“4 ADMIT PLOT TO KILL CHIEFS IN NICARAGUA,” September 26, 1964 “SIX HELD IN PLOT TO KILL PRESIDENT OF NICARAGUA,” September 27, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36510151964",
  "country": "USSR",
  "country_iso3": "SUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1964-10-15",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Khrushchev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in USSR on 1964-10-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khrushchev#Removal",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Solzhenitsyn Goes to T Var Dov Sky Rites Solzhenitsyn Leaves Seclusion to Attend Funeral of Tvar-",
   "dovsky, Liberal Editor,” December 22, 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Nikita Out in Red Shakeup,” October 16, 1964",
   "“Nikita Ouster Puts Experts in Quandary,”by Michael Pakenham, October 16, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 61.5,
  "lng": 105.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36510151964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Khrushchev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1962-03-18",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 942,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khrushchev#Removal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Solzhenitsyn Goes to T Var Dov Sky Rites Solzhenitsyn Leaves Seclusion to Attend Funeral of Tvardovsky, Liberal Editor,” December 22, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nikita Out in Red Shakeup,” October 16, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nikita Ouster Puts Experts in Quandary,”by Michael Pakenham, October 16, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62510271964",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1964-10-27",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Abboud",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Sudan on 1964-10-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Sudanese Regime Named to End Military Rule,” October 31, 1964",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Sudan Chief Takes Over Government: Action Follows Riots That Leave 10 Dead and 100 Hurt,”",
   "October 27, 1964",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E 2%80%931969)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62510271964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abboud",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1958-03-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2425,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Sudanese Regime Named to End Military Rule,” October 31, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Chief Takes Over Government: Action Follows Riots That Leave 10 Dead and 100 Hurt,” October 27, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511031964",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1964-11-03",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1964-11-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C 3%ADctor_Paz_Este Nss Oro",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Revolt Shakes Bolivia; truce Reported,” November 4, 1964",
   "“President of Bolivia Flees,” November 5, 1964",
   "“Junta Restoring Order After the Revolt in Bolivia,” November 7, 1964",
   "“Bolivia to Admit Ex-President,” March 24, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511031964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1964-11-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Paz Estenssoro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-05-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 156,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Paz_Este Nss Oro"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Revolt Shakes Bolivia; truce Reported,” November 4, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Bolivia Flees,” November 5, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta Restoring Order After the Revolt in Bolivia,” November 7, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia to Admit Ex-President,” March 24, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62511161964",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1964-11-16",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "al-Khalifa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Sudan on 1964-11-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Abboud",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Martial Law Ordered in Sudan as Riots and Violence Continue,” October 29, 1964",
   "“New Sudanese regime Named to end military rule,” October 31, 1964",
   "“General Leaves Sudanese regime,” November 16, 1964",
   "“Upset in the Sudan Civilian Overthrow of Military Junta Viewed as Salutary Reversal of Form,”",
   "November 17, 1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62511161964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "al-Khalifa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1958-03-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2445,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Abboud"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Martial Law Ordered in Sudan as Riots and Violence Continue,” October 29, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Sudanese regime Named to end military rule,” October 31, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“General Leaves Sudanese regime,” November 16, 1964"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Upset in the Sudan Civilian Overthrow of Military Junta Viewed as Salutary Reversal of Form,” November 17, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71212171964",
  "country": "Mongolia",
  "country_iso3": "MNG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1964-12-17",
  "year": 1964,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Tsedenbal",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Mongolia on 1964-12-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Journal of Cold War Studies",
   "“Mongolian Politics in the Shadow of the Cold War: The 1964 Coup Attempt and the Sino-Soviet",
   "Split,” Vol. 8, No. 1 (Winter 2006) pp. 95-119",
   "• Inner Asia",
   "“Review: Power Struggle in Socialist Mongolia: Review of Two Political Memoirs,” Vol. 7, No. 2 pp.",
   "275-284"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 46.9,
  "lng": 103.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71212171964",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tsedenbal",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1963-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 557,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Journal of Cold War Studies",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mongolian Politics in the Shadow of the Cold War: The 1964 Coup Attempt and the Sino-Soviet Split,” Vol. 8, No. 1 (Winter 2006) pp. 95-119"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Inner Asia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Review: Power Struggle in Socialist Mongolia: Review of Two Political Memoirs,” Vol. 7, No. 2 pp. 275-284"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14501031965",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1965-01-03",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Barrientos Ortuna",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Bolivia on 1965-01-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup Quelled in Bolivia, Junta Claims,” January 4, 1965",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Bolivia Quashes Coup Attempt Led by Police,” January 4, 1965",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Bolivia’s Junta Says Coup Try is Squelched,” January 4, 1965",
   "• Washington Post, Herald Times",
   "“New Bolivian Plot Reported Crushed, Army Seizes Federal Police Force,” January 4, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14501031965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Barrientos Ortuna",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-05-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 217,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Quelled in Bolivia, Junta Claims,” January 4, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Quashes Coup Attempt Led by Police,” January 4, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia’s Junta Says Coup Try is Squelched,” January 4, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Herald Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Bolivian Plot Reported Crushed, Army Seizes Federal Police Force,” January 4, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46101211965",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1965-01-21",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1965-01-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• African Report",
   "“Unindexed Back Matter,” March 1, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46101211965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 627,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "African Report",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Unindexed Back Matter,” March 1, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81701271965",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-01-27",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Khahn",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1965-01-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh#Deposal_of_the_High_National_Council",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Disorder is Cited,” by Seymour Topping, January 27, 1965",
   "“Sagon Military appoint Premier,” by Seymour Topping, February 16, 1965",
   "“Action Bloodless,” February 19, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81701271965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1965-01-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Khahn",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1389,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh#Deposal_of_the_High_National_Council"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Disorder is Cited,” by Seymour Topping, January 27, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sagon Military appoint Premier,” by Seymour Topping, February 16, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Action Bloodless,” February 19, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81201311965",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-01-31",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1965-01-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“REVOLT REPORTED IN LAOTIAN TOWN Soldiers Backing an Ousted Rightist General Said to",
   "Take Over Thakhek REVOLT REPORTED IN LAOTIAN TOWN,” March 29, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81201311965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1743,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 60,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REVOLT REPORTED IN LAOTIAN TOWN Soldiers Backing an Ousted Rightist General Said to Take Over Thakhek REVOLT REPORTED IN LAOTIAN TOWN,” March 29, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81702191965",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-02-19",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Khahn",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1965-02-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh#Junta_in fighting",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Action Bloodless, Strongman and Chief of Air Force Seized–U.S. Is Silent KHANH ARRESTED IN",
   "A SAIGON COUP” February 19, 1965",
   "“Saigon’s Premier Resigns Yielding Rule to Generals,” by Jack Langguth, June 12, 1965",
   "“Saigon Generals Striving to Form a Stable Regime,” by Jack Langguth, June 13, 1965",
   "• Newday",
   "“VIET COUP SEEKS TO OUST KHANH: Catholic Generals Seize Saigon; He Orders Loyal Troops",
   "to Attack Viet Coup Seeks to Oust Khanh; But He Fights Back,” February 19, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81702191965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1965-02-19-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Khahn",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1412,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Action Bloodless, Strongman and Chief of Air Force Seized–U.S. Is Silent KHANH ARRESTED IN A SAIGON COUP” February 19, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Saigon’s Premier Resigns Yielding Rule to Generals,” by Jack Langguth, June 12, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Saigon Generals Striving to Form a Stable Regime,” by Jack Langguth, June 13, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VIET COUP SEEKS TO OUST KHANH: Catholic Generals Seize Saigon; He Orders Loyal Troops to Attack Viet Coup Seeks to Oust Khanh; But He Fights Back,” February 19, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "82003011965",
  "country": "Malaysia",
  "country_iso3": "MYS",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-03-01",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Malaysia on 1965-03-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Malaysia Accuses Jakarta,” March 1, 1965",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Malaysia charges plot by Indonesia,” March 1, 1965",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Sukarno’s envoy ’led plot’ in Malaysia,” March 1, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.2,
  "lng": 102,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "82003011965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-04-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 310,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia Accuses Jakarta,” March 1, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia charges plot by Indonesia,” March 1, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sukarno’s envoy ’led plot’ in Malaysia,” March 1, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81204161965",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-04-16",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Laos on 1965-04-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“DISSIDENTS IN LAOS REPORTED MASSING,” April 18, 1965",
   "• Arizona Republic",
   "“Lao Army Cuts Off Rebel Escape Route,” April 22, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81204161965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1960-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1818,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DISSIDENTS IN LAOS REPORTED MASSING,” April 18, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arizona Republic",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lao Army Cuts Off Rebel Escape Route,” April 22, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04204251965",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1965-04-25",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Cabral",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Dominican Republic on 1965-04-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_dominican_republic#The_rise_and_fall_of_Trujillo_",
   "1924.E 2.80.931965",
   "• New York Times",
   "“FORMER REBELS BACK IN DOMINICAN FORCE,” July 1, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04204251965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-42-1965-04-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Cabral",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1962-12-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 857,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_dominican_republic"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“FORMER REBELS BACK IN DOMINICAN FORCE,” July 1, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04204271965",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1965-04-27",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Cabral",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Dominican Republic on 1965-04-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%",
   "E 2%80%931966)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Balaguer and His Firm Ally, the U.S., Are the Targets in Dominican Unrest,” by Alan Riding, June",
   "6, 1975",
   "“Dominican Revolt Fails After A Day Of Savage Battle: Hundreds Believed Killed– Accord Calls for",
   "a Junta to Rule Till Election,” by Tad Szulc, April 28, 1965",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“LBJ Sends Marines Into Dominican Republic: Pro-Castro Coup Feared?” April 29, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04204271965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Cabral",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1962-12-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 859,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%931966)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Balaguer and His Firm Ally, the U.S., Are the Targets in Dominican Unrest,” by Alan Riding, June 6, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dominican Revolt Fails After A Day Of Savage Battle: Hundreds Believed Killed– Accord Calls for a Junta to Rule Till Election,” by Tad Szulc, April 28, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“LBJ Sends Marines Into Dominican Republic: Pro-Castro Coup Feared?” April 29, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81706111965",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-06-11",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Quat",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1965-06-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Saigon’s Premier Resigns Yielding Rule to Generals,” by Jack Langguth, June 12, 1965",
   "“Saigon Generals Striving to Form a Stable Regime,” by Jack Langguth, June 13, 1965",
   "“After Pres Id Cent Thieu,” April 22, 1975",
   "“Vietcong Indicate They want Minh as Saigon Leader,” by Malcolm W. Browne, April 25, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81706111965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-817-1965-06-11-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Quat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1961-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1524,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saigon’s Premier Resigns Yielding Rule to Generals,” by Jack Langguth, June 12, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Saigon Generals Striving to Form a Stable Regime,” by Jack Langguth, June 13, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After Pres Id Cent Thieu,” April 22, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Vietcong Indicate They want Minh as Saigon Leader,” by Malcolm W. Browne, April 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61506191965",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1965-06-19",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bella",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1965-06-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Houari_Boum%C 3%A 9 di%C 3%A 8 nne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army takes Over Algeria in Coup Ousting Ben Bella as a Diabolic Dictator,” June 20, 1965",
   "“Calm is Reported,” by Peter Braestrup, June 20, 1965",
   "“Council in Algeria Picks Bou Medien Ne Formally as Chief TOP POST IS GIVEN TO BOUMEDI-",
   "ENNE,” by Peter Braestrup, July 6, 1965",
   "“HouariBoumediene, President Of Algeria, Dies After Long Coma,”by sheila rule, December 27,1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61506191965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-615-1965-06-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Bella",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 643,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8nne"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army takes Over Algeria in Coup Ousting Ben Bella as a Diabolic Dictator,” June 20, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Calm is Reported,” by Peter Braestrup, June 20, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Council in Algeria Picks Bou Medien Ne Formally as Chief TOP POST IS GIVEN TO BOUMEDIENNE,” by Peter Braestrup, July 6, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“HouariBoumediene, President Of Algeria, Dies After Long Coma,”by sheila rule, December 27,1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67807061965",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1965-07-06",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "AL-Sallal",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1965-07-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Regime Formed In Yemen: Al-Salal Takes Premiership–New Fighting Feared,”July 7,1965",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Sallal Picks Yemen Regime: Military Men Dominate New Civil War Government,” July 7, 1965",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Sallal Abruptly Assumes Premiership of Yemen,” July 8, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67807061965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "AL-Sallal",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.03,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Regime Formed In Yemen: Al-Salal Takes Premiership–New Fighting Feared,”July 7,1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sallal Picks Yemen Regime: Military Men Dominate New Civil War Government,” July 7, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sallal Abruptly Assumes Premiership of Yemen,” July 8, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64509161965",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1965-09-16",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1965-09-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“IRAQ REPORTED CALM AFTER COUP FAILURE,” July 2, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64509161965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1965-09-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Salem Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IRAQ REPORTED CALM AFTER COUP FAILURE,” July 2, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85010011965",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1965-10-01",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1965-10-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno",
   "• New York Times",
   "“WASHINGTON AWAITS CLARIFICATION OF INDONESIAN SITUATION,” by Jack Raymond,",
   "October 2, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85010011965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-850-1965-10-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 115000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WASHINGTON AWAITS CLARIFICATION OF INDONESIAN SITUATION,” by Jack Raymond, October 2, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51610181965",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1965-10-18",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mwambutsa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Burundi on 1965-10-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi Coup Reported Foiled; Premier Shot, but King Escapes: Central African Leader is Said to",
   "Be Badly Wounded by Unidentified Revels,” October 20, 1965",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Hear Burundi Coup Crushed; Premier Hurt,” October 20, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51610181965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1965-10-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Mwambutsa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 101,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Coup Reported Foiled; Premier Shot, but King Escapes: Central African Leader is Said to Be Badly Wounded by Unidentified Revels,” October 20, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hear Burundi Coup Crushed; Premier Hurt,” October 20, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43811091965",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1965-11-09",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea on 1965-11-09, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guinea Reports a Coup Foiled,” November 11, 1965",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup attempt foiled Guinea Regime says,” November 11, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43811091965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1961-01-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1747,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea Reports a Coup Foiled,” November 11, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt foiled Guinea Regime says,” November 11, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48311191965",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1965-11-19",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Chad on 1965-11-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Ministers’ ‘plot to kill President’,” November 22, 1965",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“5 CHAD OFFICIALS ARRESTED IN PLOT TO SEIZE POWER,” November 21, 1965",
   "• Other",
   "http://carlsons perspective.tumblr.com/post/49412581425/coup-a-crisis-in-chad"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48311191965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1962-04-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1307,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ministers’ ‘plot to kill President’,” November 22, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 CHAD OFFICIALS ARRESTED IN PLOT TO SEIZE POWER,” November 21, 1965"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Other",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "http://carlsons perspective.tumblr.com/post/49412581425/coup-a-crisis-in-chad"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04211221965",
  "country": "Dominican Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DOM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1965-11-22",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Godoy",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Dominican Republic on 1965-11-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“New Dominican coup quashed,” November 23, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.7,
  "lng": -70.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04211221965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-42-1965-11-22-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Godoy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1962-12-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1068,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Dominican coup quashed,” November 23, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49011251965",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1965-11-25",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kasavubu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1965-11-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisis#Mobutu_seizes_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Kasavubu regime Ousted by Army Coup in Congo,” November 25, 1965",
   "“Mulamba, Congo’s Premier, Reported Near Resignation,” October 24, 1966",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Congo Regime Overthrown in Military Coup: COUP IN CONGO,” November 25, 1965"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": [
   "palace_takeover",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "49011251965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-490-1965-11-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Kasavubu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-07-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 503,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisis#Mobutu_seizes_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kasavubu regime Ousted by Army Coup in Congo,” November 25, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mulamba, Congo’s Premier, Reported Near Resignation,” October 24, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Regime Overthrown in Military Coup: COUP IN CONGO,” November 25, 1965"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43411291965",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1965-11-29",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Apithy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1965-11-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourou-Migan_Apithy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Dahomey President Ousted by Assembly,” November 28, 1965",
   "“Two Dahomey Leaders Ousted by head of Army,” November 30, 1965",
   "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43411291965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1965-11-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Apithy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 680,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourou-Migan_Apithy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dahomey President Ousted by Assembly,” November 28, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Two Dahomey Leaders Ousted by head of Army,” November 30, 1965"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43412221965",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1965-12-22",
  "year": 1965,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Congacou",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1965-12-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahirou_Congacou",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Group Seizes Control in Dahomey,” December 18, 1967",
   "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43412221965",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1965-12-22-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Congacou",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 703,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahirou_Congacou"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Group Seizes Control in Dahomey,” December 18, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48201011966",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1966-01-01",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Dacko",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 1966-01-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Central African Regime Ousted; New Chief Expels Chinese Reds,” January 2, 1966",
   "“Emperor Bokassa Forms a Court For Central African Ex-Republic,” December 18, 1976",
   "“France Sends Troops After Bokassa Ouster,” by Flora Lewis, September 22, 1979",
   "“David Dacco, 73, Central African leader,” November 22, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48201011966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-1966-01-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Dacko",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 727,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 8,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Regime Ousted; New Chief Expels Chinese Reds,” January 2, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Emperor Bokassa Forms a Court For Central African Ex-Republic,” December 18, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“France Sends Troops After Bokassa Ouster,” by Flora Lewis, September 22, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“David Dacco, 73, Central African leader,” November 22, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43901031966",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1966-01-03",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Yameogo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1966-01-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Yam%C 3%A 9 ogo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Upper Volta Declares Emergency and Bars strike due today,” January 3, 1966",
   "“Army Chief of Staff Seizes Power in Upper Volta,” January 5, 1966",
   "“Upper Volta Is Seeking A Rarity In Africa-Freely Elected Rule,”by william borders, August 16,1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43901031966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-1966-01-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Yameogo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1965-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 92,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Yam%C3%A9ogo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Upper Volta Declares Emergency and Bars strike due today,” January 3, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Chief of Staff Seizes Power in Upper Volta,” January 5, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Upper Volta Is Seeking A Rarity In Africa-Freely Elected Rule,”by william borders, August 16,1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47501151966",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1966-01-15",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Balewa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1966-01-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigerian Regime Rocked by Coup; Control in Doubt,” by Lloyd Garrison, January 16, 1966",
   "“Nigeria Army Chief Heads A Provisional Government Army Chief Heads Nigerian Regime,”",
   "January 17, 1966",
   "“Nigeria’s Leader Sized in Mutiny,” July 30, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": [
   "assassination",
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "47501151966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1966-01-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Balewa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1964-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 381,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Regime Rocked by Coup; Control in Doubt,” by Lloyd Garrison, January 16, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Army Chief Heads A Provisional Government Army Chief Heads Nigerian Regime,” January 17, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria’s Leader Sized in Mutiny,” July 30, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78002171966",
  "country": "Sri Lanka",
  "country_iso3": "LKA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1966-02-17",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Dudley Senanayake",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sri Lanka on 1966-02-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_alleged_Ceylonese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• Times of India",
   "“New Break-through in Ceylon’s coup probe,” April 18, 1966",
   "“Ceylon Coup bid probe in London with Army Chief,” June 15, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": 80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78002171966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dudley Senanayake",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1965-03-22",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 332,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.66,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_alleged_Ceylonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Break-through in Ceylon’s coup probe,” April 18, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ceylon Coup bid probe in London with Army Chief,” June 15, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50002211966",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1966-02-21",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Obote",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Uganda on 1966-02-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Uganda Quiet, Obote Says; He Denies Fraud Charges,” February 14, 1966",
   "“Uganda Premier Seizes All Power: Arrests 5 Cabinet Ministers Who Are Reported To Have Challenged",
   "His Authority,” February 23, 1966",
   "“Uganda Leader Shelves Charter: Obote Says He Is Balking Government; s Overthrow,” by Lawrence",
   "Fellows, February 25, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50002211966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Obote",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1962-04-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1398,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Quiet, Obote Says; He Denies Fraud Charges,” February 14, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Premier Seizes All Power: Arrests 5 Cabinet Ministers Who Are Reported To Have Challenged His Authority,” February 23, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Leader Shelves Charter: Obote Says He Is Balking Government; s Overthrow,” by Lawrence Fellows, February 25, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65202231966",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1966-02-23",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Al-Hafiz",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; injured; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1966-02-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; injured; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Syrian Strongman is Reported Ousted in Damascus Coup,” February 23, 1966",
   "“SYRIA ISSUES LAW TO GUARD ECONOMY Jail Decreed for Hoarders and Negligent Workers",
   "$200-Million Smuggled Out,” May 17, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65202231966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1966-02-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Hafiz",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1532,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 41,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Strongman is Reported Ousted in Damascus Coup,” February 23, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SYRIA ISSUES LAW TO GUARD ECONOMY Jail Decreed for Hoarders and Negligent Workers $200-Million Smuggled Out,” May 17, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45202241966",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1966-02-24",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nkrumah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1966-02-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nkrumah is Reported Out after Ghana Army Coup,” February 24, 1966",
   "“News Summary And Index The Major Events Of The Day International National Metropolitan,”Febru-",
   "ary 25, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "palace_takeover"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "45202241966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1966-02-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Nkrumah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1964-01-31",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 755,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 27,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nkrumah is Reported Out after Ghana Army Coup,” February 24, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“News Summary And Index The Major Events Of The Day International National Metropolitan,”February 25, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85003121966",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1966-03-12",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Sukarno",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1966-03-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarn",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sukarno Yields Power to Army to Curb Unrest; Communist Party Banned,” March 12, 1966",
   "“Military Chiefs Ignore Sukarno,” March 24, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85003121966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-850-1966-03-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Sukarno",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarn"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sukarno Yields Power to Army to Curb Unrest; Communist Party Banned,” March 12, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Chiefs Ignore Sukarno,” March 24, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13003291966",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1966-03-29",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Castro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Ecuador on 1966-03-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E 2%80%931979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“CALM IS RESTORED IN 2 ECUADOR TOWNS,” April 1, 1966",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Three men Junta Yields Rule over Ecuador,” March 30, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13003291966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1966-03-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Castro",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1960-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2123,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E2%80%931979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CALM IS RESTORED IN 2 ECUADOR TOWNS,” April 1, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Three men Junta Yields Rule over Ecuador,” March 30, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65104141966",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1966-04-14",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1966-04-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“20 Reported Jailed In Anti-Nasser Plot 20 REPORTED HELD IN PLOT ON NASSER Disaffection",
   "Long Assumed Extent of the Payments,” April 15, 1966",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Plot to overthrow Nasser,” April 15, 1966",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Hear Cairo nabs 20 in Army plot to oust Nasser,” April 15, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65104141966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1965-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 395,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“20 Reported Jailed In Anti-Nasser Plot 20 REPORTED HELD IN PLOT ON NASSER Disaffection Long Assumed Extent of the Payments,” April 15, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to overthrow Nasser,” April 15, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hear Cairo nabs 20 in Army plot to oust Nasser,” April 15, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50004151966",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1966-04-15",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Obote",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Uganda on 1966-04-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Obote",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Obote Ousted by Ugandan Army,” January 26, 1971",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Uganda’s Obote Now President,” April 16, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50004151966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Obote",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1962-04-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1451,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Obote"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Obote Ousted by Ugandan Army,” January 26, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda’s Obote Now President,” April 16, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49005301966",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1966-05-30",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Mobutu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1966-05-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko#Second_coup_and_consolidation_of_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“News Summary and Index,” May 31, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49005301966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mobutu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-07-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 689,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko#Second_coup_and_consolidation_of_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News Summary and Index,” May 31, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48406271966",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1966-06-27",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Debat",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1966-06-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Ex-French Congo Says Ghana type coup nipped in the bud,” June 29, 1966",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Table of Contents 2 – No Title,” July 4, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48406271966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-484-1966-06-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Debat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 932,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-French Congo Says Ghana type coup nipped in the bud,” June 29, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Table of Contents 2 – No Title,” July 4, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006281966",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1966-06-28",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Arturo Illia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1966-06-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Umberto_Illia#End_of_Presidency",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentine Junta Ousts President, Puts General In,” by H.J. Maiden Berg, June 29, 1966",
   "“President Takes Office,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, June 30, 1966",
   "“Argentine Chief is Forced to Quit in Military Coup,” June 9, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006281966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1966-06-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Arturo Illia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1963-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1087,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Umberto_Illia#End_of_Presidency"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Junta Ousts President, Puts General In,” by H.J. Maiden Berg, June 29, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President Takes Office,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, June 30, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Chief is Forced to Quit in Military Coup,” June 9, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64506301966",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1966-06-30",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Rahmen Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1966-06-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“IRAQ REPORTED CALM AFTER COUP FAILURE,” July 2, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64506301966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1966-06-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Rahmen Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IRAQ REPORTED CALM AFTER COUP FAILURE,” July 2, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51607081966",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1966-07-08",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Mwambutsa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Burundi on 1966-07-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntare_V_Ndizeye",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Power in Burundi Seized by Absent King’s Son, 21,” July 9, 1966",
   "“Burundi President Deposed by Military,” November 3, 1976",
   "“Burundi: Geography and History,” November 3, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51607081966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1966-07-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Mwambutsa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntare_V_Ndizeye"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Power in Burundi Seized by Absent King’s Son, 21,” July 9, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi President Deposed by Military,” November 3, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi: Geography and History,” November 3, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47507291966",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1966-07-29",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ironsi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1966-07-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria’s Leader Sized in Mutiny,” July 30, 1966",
   "“Army Aide Takes Power in Nigeria,” August 2, 1966",
   "“Nigerian leader Doubts Elected Civil Rule Before 76,” by William Borders, October 2, 1970",
   "“Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup Ends Nine Year Rule,” July 30, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": [
   "assassination",
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 3,
  "cline_id": "47507291966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1966-07-29-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Ironsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 576,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 30,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria’s Leader Sized in Mutiny,” July 30, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Aide Takes Power in Nigeria,” August 2, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian leader Doubts Elected Civil Rule Before 76,” by William Borders, October 2, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup Ends Nine Year Rule,” July 30, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65209081966",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1966-09-08",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1966-09-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Israel Impatient at Pace of Syria Talks,” by James Feron, February 5, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65209081966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1966-09-08-2",
  "leader_in_power": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1729,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Israel Impatient at Pace of Syria Talks,” by James Feron, February 5, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81210211966",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1966-10-21",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1966-10-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebellious Laotian Troops Encircle Premier’s Home ATTEMPTED COUP IS FOILED IN LAOS",
   "Broadcast Reports Coup U.S. Support Reaffirmed,” by David K. Shipler, August 20, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81210211966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-812-1966-10-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1965-07-18",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 460,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 36,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellious Laotian Troops Encircle Premier’s Home ATTEMPTED COUP IS FOILED IN LAOS Broadcast Reports Coup U.S. Support Reaffirmed,” by David K. Shipler, August 20, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10110301966",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1966-10-30",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Leoni",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1966-10-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“VENEZUELA SAYS COUP IS CRUSHED,” October 31, 1966",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“PLOTTER SLAIN IN VENEZUELA; REVOLT FAILS,” October 31, 1966",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Venezuela loyalists slay leader of abortive coup,” November 1, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10110301966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1966-10-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Leoni",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1963-12-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1064,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.64,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“VENEZUELA SAYS COUP IS CRUSHED,” October 31, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PLOTTER SLAIN IN VENEZUELA; REVOLT FAILS,” October 31, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela loyalists slay leader of abortive coup,” November 1, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53011121966",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1966-11-12",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Selassie",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 1966-11-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Plot in Ethiopia,” November 27, 1966",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Tickling Africans’ Palate: Bill of Fare at Leaders’ Parley Offers Ethiopian Food and Rumors of a",
   "Coup,” November 19, 1966",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Ethiopia Arrests General, Two Others for Plotting Rebellion,” November 27, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53011121966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Selassie",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot in Ethiopia,” November 27, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tickling Africans’ Palate: Bill of Fare at Leaders’ Parley Offers Ethiopian Food and Rumors of a Coup,” November 19, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia Arrests General, Two Others for Plotting Rebellion,” November 27, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46111201966",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1966-11-20",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Togo on 1966-11-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Crush Coup in Togo Republic: Young Attorney is Sought as Revolt Leader,” November 22, 1966",
   "• CSP",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Coup Fails in West African State: Togo’s Army Stays Loyal,” November 22, 1966",
   "• Luttwak (21-22 November 1966)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Togo Revolt Ends Without a Fight: Army Remains Loyal to the Regime of Grunitzky,” by Lloyd",
   "Garrison, November 22, 1966",
   "“President of Togo Re-Forming Regime,” November 23, 1966",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Togo"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46111201966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1295,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Crush Coup in Togo Republic: Young Attorney is Sought as Revolt Leader,” November 22, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Fails in West African State: Togo’s Army Stays Loyal,” November 22, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (21-22 November 1966)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo Revolt Ends Without a Fight: Army Remains Loyal to the Regime of Grunitzky,” by Lloyd Garrison, November 22, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Togo Re-Forming Regime,” November 23, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Togo"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51611281966",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1966-11-28",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ntare",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1966-11-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntare_V_Ndizeye",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi Premier Sets Up Republic,” November 29, 1966",
   "“Coup in Burundi; A King Without Drum or Throne,” by Lawrence Fellows, December 4, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51611281966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1966-11-28-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Ntare",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntare_V_Ndizeye"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Premier Sets Up Republic,” November 29, 1966"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Burundi; A King Without Drum or Throne,” by Lawrence Fellows, December 4, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62512281966",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1966-12-28",
  "year": 1966,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mahdi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1966-12-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup foiled in Sudan,” December 29, 1966",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Fails in Sudan,” December 29, 1966"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62512281966",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1966-12-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Mahdi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1965-05-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Sudan,” December 29, 1966"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Fails in Sudan,” December 29, 1966"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46101131967",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-01-13",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1967-01-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C 3%A 9 ber_Dadjo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ouster of Togo Regime in Coup is Reported,” January 13, 1967",
   "“Chief of Staff Takes Over the Presidency of Togo,” April 16, 1967",
   "“Togo President, Installed by Army, Agrees to an Election,” February 19, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46101131967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-461-1967-01-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Grunitzky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1349,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A9ber_Dadjo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ouster of Togo Regime in Coup is Reported,” January 13, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chief of Staff Takes Over the Presidency of Togo,” April 16, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Togo President, Installed by Army, Agrees to an Election,” February 19, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09301221967",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1967-01-22",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Guerrero Gutierrez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Nicaragua on 1967-01-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“44 Americans Freed From Hotel Held by Foes of Nicaragua Rule,” January 24, 1967",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Nicaragua Rebels End Uprising,” January 24, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09301221967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guerrero Gutierrez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-02-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1449,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 34,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“44 Americans Freed From Hotel Held by Foes of Nicaragua Rule,” January 24, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua Rebels End Uprising,” January 24, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45201231967",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-01-23",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ankrah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1967-01-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup foiled in Ghana,” January 24, 1967",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ghana Says Army Officers And Nigerian Plotted Coup,” January 24, 1967",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Ghana Asserts 5 Plotted To Assassinate Leaders,” January 24, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45201231967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ankrah",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-31",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1088,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Ghana,” January 24, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Says Army Officers And Nigerian Plotted Coup,” January 24, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Asserts 5 Plotted To Assassinate Leaders,” January 24, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45102011967",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-02-01",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "A Margai",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1967-02-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sierra Leone Reports Plot is Foiled,” February 9, 1967",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Sierra Leone Regime Foils Military Plot,” February 9, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45102011967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "A Margai",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1962-05-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1713,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Reports Plot is Foiled,” February 9, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Regime Foils Military Plot,” February 9, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45103211967",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-03-21",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "A Margai",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1967-03-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army in Sierra Leone Detaining Newly Inducted Prime Minister,” March 22, 1967",
   "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45103211967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1967-03-21",
  "leader_in_power": "A Margai",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1967-03-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 4,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army in Sierra Leone Detaining Newly Inducted Prime Minister,” March 22, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45103231967",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-03-23",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "A Margai",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1967-03-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army in Sierra Leon Detaining Newly Inducted Prime Minister,” March 22, 1967",
   "“Army Takes Over in Sierra Leone,” March 25, 1967",
   "“Genda Receives Siera Leone Bid,” by Sam Pope Brewer, March 26, 1967",
   "“Coup Reported in Sierra Leone; Junta Chiefs Said to be Arrested,” April 19, 1968",
   "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45103231967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1967-03-23-2",
  "leader_in_power": "A Margai",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1967-03-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 6,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army in Sierra Leon Detaining Newly Inducted Prime Minister,” March 22, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Takes Over in Sierra Leone,” March 25, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Genda Receives Siera Leone Bid,” by Sam Pope Brewer, March 26, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup Reported in Sierra Leone; Junta Chiefs Said to be Arrested,” April 19, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46104141967",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-04-14",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Dadjo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Togo on 1967-04-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnassingb%C 3%A 9_Eyad%C 3%A 9 ma",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyadema",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chief of Staff Takes Over the Presidency of Togo,” April 16, 1967",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Around the World: Russians Report Industrial Output Rose Almost 11% in 1 st Quarter,” April 16,",
   "1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46104141967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dadjo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1440,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyadema"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chief of Staff Takes Over the Presidency of Togo,” April 16, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Around the World: Russians Report Industrial Output Rose Almost 11% in 1 st Quarter,” April 16, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45204171967",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-04-17",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Ankrah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1967-04-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Guitar_Boy"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45204171967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1967-04-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Ankrah",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-31",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1172,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Guitar_Boy"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35004211967",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1967-04-21",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kanellopoulos",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Greece on 1967-04-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E 2%80%931974#The_coup_d.27.",
   "C 3.A 9 tat_of_21_Apri",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Warning to the Colonels,” April 18, 1973",
   "“Army in Greece installs Premier after Take-over,” April 22, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "arrests",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "35004211967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-350-1967-04-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Kanellopoulos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1964-02-16",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1160,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Warning to the Colonels,” April 18, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army in Greece installs Premier after Take-over,” April 22, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49007051967",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1967-07-05",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Mobutu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1967-07-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanleyville_mutinies",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mercenaries, WithArmor, Hold Airport In The Congo: SENATORS ASSAIL U.S.AID TO CONGO,”",
   "July 11, 1967",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Paratroops Invade Congo Provinces,” July 6, 1967 “Congo Troops Kill 60 in Border City: Congo",
   "Troops Shoot 60 in Border City,” July 9, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49007051967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mobutu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1967-06-04",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 31,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanleyville_mutinies"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mercenaries, WithArmor, Hold Airport In The Congo: SENATORS ASSAIL U.S.AID TO CONGO,” July 11, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paratroops Invade Congo Provinces,” July 6, 1967 “Congo Troops Kill 60 in Border City: Congo Troops Shoot 60 in Border City,” July 9, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51007211967",
  "country": "Tanzania",
  "country_iso3": "TZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1967-07-21",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nyerere",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Tanzania on 1967-07-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Attempted coup in Tanzania,” July 22, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.4,
  "lng": 34.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51007211967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nyerere",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1965-09-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 659,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted coup in Tanzania,” July 22, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65108271967",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1967-08-27",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1967-08-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“TRIALS PROMISED IN CAIRO PLOT CASE‘Irresponsible Adventures’Linked To Marshal Amer,”",
   "by Jay Walz, September 14, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65108271967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1965-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 895,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TRIALS PROMISED IN CAIRO PLOT CASE‘Irresponsible Adventures’Linked To Marshal Amer,” by Jay Walz, September 14, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67811051967",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1967-11-05",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "AL-Sallal",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1967-11-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup is Proclaimed by Army in Yemen,” November 5, 1967",
   "“Army Coup Ousts Yemeni President,” by Eric Pace, November 6, 1967",
   "“Military in Yemen Ousts Government and Sets Up Junta,” June 14, 1974",
   "“Yemen is Holding First Elections,” March 21, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67811051967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-678-1967-11-04",
  "leader_in_power": "AL-Sallal",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup is Proclaimed by Army in Yemen,” November 5, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Coup Ousts Yemeni President,” by Eric Pace, November 6, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military in Yemen Ousts Government and Sets Up Junta,” June 14, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Yemen is Holding First Elections,” March 21, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35012131967",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1967-12-13",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kollias",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; fled the country; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Greece on 1967-12-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; fled the country; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E 2%80%931974#The_coup_d.27.",
   "C 3.A 9 tat_of_21_April",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The King Acts,” December 14, 1967",
   "“Viceroy is Named,” by Sydney Gruson, December 14, 1967",
   "“Military Coup in Greece Removes Papadopoulos,” by Alvin Shuster, November 26, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35012131967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-350-1967-12-13-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Kollias",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-02-16",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1396,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The King Acts,” December 14, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Viceroy is Named,” by Sydney Gruson, December 14, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup in Greece Removes Papadopoulos,” by Alvin Shuster, November 26, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61512141967",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1967-12-14",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Boumedienne",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1967-12-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Houari_Boum%C 3%A 9 di%C 3%A 8 nne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ALGERIA REPORTS CRUSHING REVOLT BY ARMY FACTION,” December 16, 1967",
   "• New York Times",
   "“REBELLION SCENE IN ALGERIA CALM,” December 17, 1967",
   "• New York Times",
   "“AFTER ALGERIAN QUAKE, AS RARE DISPLAY OF ARMY POWER,” October 16, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61512141967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-615-1967-12-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Boumedienne",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1551,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8nne"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ALGERIA REPORTS CRUSHING REVOLT BY ARMY FACTION,” December 16, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REBELLION SCENE IN ALGERIA CALM,” December 17, 1967"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AFTER ALGERIAN QUAKE, AS RARE DISPLAY OF ARMY POWER,” October 16, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43412171967",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1967-12-17",
  "year": 1967,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Soglo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1967-12-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Soglo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Group Seizes Control in Dahomey,” December 18, 1967",
   "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967",
   "“Army leader Joins Regime in Dahomey,” December 23, 1967"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43412171967",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1967-12-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Soglo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1964-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1428,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Soglo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Group Seizes Control in Dahomey,” December 18, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fatal to Governments,” by Alfred Friendly Jr., December 19, 1967"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army leader Joins Regime in Dahomey,” December 23, 1967"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31501051968",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1968-01-05",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Novotny",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Czechoslovakia on 1968-01-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%C 3%ADn_Novotn%C 3%BD",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C 4%8 Dek",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Czech Communists Divided at the Top; Future Is in Doubt,” by Clyde Farnsworth, January 7, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31501051968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Novotny",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-06-14",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1300,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Czech Communists Divided at the Top; Future Is in Doubt,” by Clyde Farnsworth, January 7, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68003201968",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1968-03-20",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Yemen PDR on 1968-03-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup fails in South Yemen,” March 21, 1968",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“South Yemen coup attempt,” March 21, 1968",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Coup bid in Aden?,” March 21, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68003201968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-680-1968-03-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup fails in South Yemen,” March 21, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Yemen coup attempt,” March 21, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid in Aden?,” March 21, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45104181968",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1968-04-18",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Juxon-Smith",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1968-04-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Reported in Sierra Leon; Junta Chiefs Said to be Arrested,” April 19, 1968",
   "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45104181968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1968-04-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Juxon-Smith",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1967-03-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 398,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Reported in Sierra Leon; Junta Chiefs Said to be Arrested,” April 19, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“SIERRA LEONE CALLS EX-CHIEF A TRAITOR,” September 26, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48405131968",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1968-05-13",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Debat",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Congo on 1968-05-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“CONGO REPORTS MERCENARIES SEIZED IN PLOT,” May 15, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48405131968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Debat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1618,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CONGO REPORTS MERCENARIES SEIZED IN PLOT,” May 15, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04105201968",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1968-05-20",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Haiti on 1968-05-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Clemency Pledged By Duvalier for 10 Accused of Revolt DUVALIER PLEDGES CLEMENCY FOR",
   "10,” by Henry Giniger, July 5, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04105201968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-06-14",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1436,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Clemency Pledged By Duvalier for 10 Accused of Revolt DUVALIER PLEDGES CLEMENCY FOR 10,” by Henry Giniger, July 5, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64507171968",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1968-07-17",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Rahmen Aref",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Iraq on 1968-07-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ouster of Regime in Iraq reported,” July 17, 1968",
   "“Junta Rules Iraq in Rightists Coup,” by Benjamin Welles, July 18, 1968",
   "“FISSURE EMERGES IN IRAQIS’ REGIME Army Men and Baathists Betray Disagreements,” by",
   "Thomas F. Brady, July 26, 1968",
   "“President of Iraq Reported Critically Ill,” by Juna de Onis, December 7, 1974",
   "“Bakr Quits in Iraq, Names Hussein,” July 17, 1979",
   "“Baghdad’s Strong Man,” by John Kifner, July 15, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64507171968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1968-07-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Rahmen Aref",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ouster of Regime in Iraq reported,” July 17, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta Rules Iraq in Rightists Coup,” by Benjamin Welles, July 18, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“FISSURE EMERGES IN IRAQIS’ REGIME Army Men and Baathists Betray Disagreements,” by Thomas F. Brady, July 26, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Iraq Reported Critically Ill,” by Juna de Onis, December 7, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bakr Quits in Iraq, Names Hussein,” July 17, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Baghdad’s Strong Man,” by John Kifner, July 15, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48408031968",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1968-08-03",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Debat",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1968-08-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Poigne",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Congo Republic Chief Resumes His Power: Massamba-Debat Returns at Request of Coup Leaders,",
   "OKs Cabinet Resignation,” August 5, 1968",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Takes over in a coup in Congo republic,” August 4, 1968",
   "“Brazzaville Coup leaders Reverse Themselves,” August 5, 1968",
   "“President Reported Deposed in the Former French Congo,” September 1, 1968",
   "“Brazzaville Ousts Massemba-Debat,” September 5, 1968",
   "• The Sun",
   "“New Government Planned in Congo - Accord Reported Between President, Coup Leaders,” August",
   "5, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48408031968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-484-1968-08-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Debat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1700,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Poigne"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Republic Chief Resumes His Power: Massamba-Debat Returns at Request of Coup Leaders, OKs Cabinet Resignation,” August 5, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Takes over in a coup in Congo republic,” August 4, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Brazzaville Coup leaders Reverse Themselves,” August 5, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President Reported Deposed in the Former French Congo,” September 1, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Brazzaville Ousts Massemba-Debat,” September 5, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Government Planned in Congo - Accord Reported Between President, Coup Leaders,” August 5, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31508201968",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1968-08-20",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Dubcek",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Czechoslovakia on 1968-08-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C 4%8 Dek",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Czecho Slava Kia Invaded by Russians and 4 Other Warsaw Pact Forces,” by Tad Szulc, August 21,",
   "1968",
   "“They Open Fire on Crowds in Prague,” by Raymond Anderson, August 21, 1968",
   "“Dubcek Was Put in Handcuffs: An Account of Confrontation Account of Confrontation: Dubcek in",
   "Handcuffs,” August 29, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31508201968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dubcek",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-06-14",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1528,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Czecho Slava Kia Invaded by Russians and 4 Other Warsaw Pact Forces,” by Tad Szulc, August 21, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“They Open Fire on Crowds in Prague,” by Raymond Anderson, August 21, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dubcek Was Put in Handcuffs: An Account of Confrontation Account of Confrontation: Dubcek in Handcuffs,” August 29, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14508211968",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1968-08-21",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Barrientos Ortuna",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1968-08-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Coup Attemps Reported by President,” August 22, 1968",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“OUSTED ARMY CHIEF FAILS IN BOLIVIA COUP,” August 22, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14508211968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Barrientos Ortuna",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 780,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Coup Attemps Reported by President,” August 22, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“OUSTED ARMY CHIEF FAILS IN BOLIVIA COUP,” August 22, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68008311968",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1968-08-31",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen PDR on 1968-08-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“SEE HUNDREDS SLAIN IN YEMEN DURING FIGHTS,” September 1, 1968",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Yemen Revolt Reported Crushed,” September 1, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68008311968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-680-1968-08-31-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SEE HUNDREDS SLAIN IN YEMEN DURING FIGHTS,” September 1, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Yemen Revolt Reported Crushed,” September 1, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48409041968",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1968-09-04",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Debat",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1968-09-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Massamba-D%C 3%A 9 bat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President Reported Deposed in the Former French Congo,” September 1, 1968",
   "“Brazzaville Ousts Massemba-Debat,” September 5, 1968",
   "“New Chief in Brazzaville,” January 2, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48409041968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Debat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1732,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Massamba-D%C3%A9bat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Reported Deposed in the Former French Congo,” September 1, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Brazzaville Ousts Massemba-Debat,” September 5, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Chief in Brazzaville,” January 2, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13510031968",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1968-10-03",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Belaunde",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1968-10-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Coup Ousts Peruvian Regime,” October 4, 1968",
   "“President of Peru Ousted in Coup led by the Military,” by Paul Hofmann, August 30, 1975",
   "“Peru, Poor And Demoralized, Awaits End Of Military Rule Armed Forces Under Fire Former President",
   "Is Critical Most Peruvians Will Be Hurt Austerity Moves Provoke Riots,” November 16, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13510031968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1968-10-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Belaunde",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1963-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1943,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Coup Ousts Peruvian Regime,” October 4, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Peru Ousted in Coup led by the Military,” by Paul Hofmann, August 30, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru, Poor And Demoralized, Awaits End Of Military Rule Armed Forces Under Fire Former President Is Critical Most Peruvians Will Be Hurt Austerity Moves Provoke Riots,” November 16, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64510061968",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1968-10-06",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1968-10-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Officers foiled in attempted coup,” October 7, 1968",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Table of Contents 5 – No Title,” October 7, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64510061968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Officers foiled in attempted coup,” October 7, 1968"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Table of Contents 5 – No Title,” October 7, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09510111968",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1968-10-11",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "A. Arias",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1968-10-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulfo_Arias",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Panama Quiet after two form Junta,” October 13, 1968",
   "“Col. Jose M. Pinilla Is Dead at 60, Panamanian President in ’68-’69,” August 14, 1979",
   "“Panama Leader Killed in Crash in Bad Weather,” August 2, 1981",
   "“Panamanians to Vote in August For First Time Since 68 Coup,” by Richard Severo, June 19, 1972",
   "“Crisis for Panama: A Power Vacuum,” August 3, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09510111968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-95-1968-10-12",
  "leader_in_power": "A. Arias",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1968-05-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 152,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulfo_Arias"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Quiet after two form Junta,” October 13, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Col. Jose M. Pinilla Is Dead at 60, Panamanian President in ’68-’69,” August 14, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Panama Leader Killed in Crash in Bad Weather,” August 2, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Panamanians to Vote in August For First Time Since 68 Coup,” by Richard Severo, June 19, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Crisis for Panama: A Power Vacuum,” August 3, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43211191968",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1968-11-19",
  "year": 1968,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Keita",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 1968-11-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modibo_Ke%C 3%AFta",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Mali is Ousted by Army,” by Lloyd Garrison, November 20, 1968",
   "“Victim of Mali Coup Modibo Keita,” November 20, 1968"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43211191968",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-1968-11-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Keita",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-04-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1682,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modibo_Ke%C3%AFta"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Mali is Ousted by Army,” by Lloyd Garrison, November 20, 1968"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Victim of Mali Coup Modibo Keita,” November 20, 1968"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48401011969",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1969-01-01",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Raoul",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Congo on 1969-01-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marien_Ngouabi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Chief in Brazzaville,” January 2, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48401011969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Raoul",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1851,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marien_Ngouabi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Chief in Brazzaville,” January 2, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203011969",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1969-03-01",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1969-03-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad#Rise_to_power",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Jadid"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203011969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2634,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad#Rise_to_power"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Jadid"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "41103051969",
  "country": "Equatorial Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GNQ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1969-03-05",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Macias Nguema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Equatorial Guinea on 1969-03-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“W. Africa Coup Bid Reported,” March 6, 1969",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup bid fails in Equatorial Guinea,” March 6, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.7,
  "lng": 10.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "41103051969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-411-1969-03-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Macias Nguema",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1968-09-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 156,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“W. Africa Coup Bid Reported,” March 6, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid fails in Equatorial Guinea,” March 6, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43803101969",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1969-03-10",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 1969-03-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Afro-American",
   "“IN GUINEA: France tied to coup try,” March 29, 1969",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guinea Rallies Back Toure,” March 23, 1969",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“30 Held In Guinea As Plotters,” May 12, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43803101969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1968-01-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 434,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Afro-American",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IN GUINEA: France tied to coup try,” March 29, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea Rallies Back Toure,” March 23, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“30 Held In Guinea As Plotters,” May 12, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77003251969",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1969-03-25",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ayub Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Pakistan on 1969-03-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)#Final_years_in_office",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Waves Of Lawlessness Appears To Be Subsiding In East Pakistan,”by joseph lelyveld, March 25,1969",
   "“Ayub Khan Quits, Places Pakistan in Army’s Hands,” by Joseph Lelyveld, March 26, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77003251969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-770-1969-03-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Ayub Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1965-01-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1543,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)#Final_years_in_office"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Waves Of Lawlessness Appears To Be Subsiding In East Pakistan,”by joseph lelyveld, March 25,1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ayub Khan Quits, Places Pakistan in Army’s Hands,” by Joseph Lelyveld, March 26, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48204101969",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1969-04-10",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bokassa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 1969-04-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Central African Leader Reports Foiling a Coup,” April 13, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48204101969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bokassa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-01-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1922,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Leader Reports Foiling a Coup,” April 13, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "82005171969",
  "country": "Malaysia",
  "country_iso3": "MYS",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1969-05-17",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Malaysia on 1969-05-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_13_Incident",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Malayan Premier Sworn in,” August 22, 1959",
   "“Emergency Panel Rules in Malaysia,” by Charles Mohr, May 17, 1969",
   "“Malaysian Prime Minister’s retirement raises fears among non-Malays,”by henry kamm, Septem-",
   "ber 7, 1970",
   "“Malaysian Premier Suspends Charter,” May 15, 1969",
   "“Malaysian Strongman: Abdul Razak,” May 17, 1969",
   "“Moderate Malay Remains Control,” by Anthony Polsky, July 20, 1969",
   "“Malaysia Shifts Rulers Quietly,” by Henry Kamm, September 22, 1970",
   "“Malaysia Intalls a New Leader,” by Henry Kamm, September 23, 1970",
   "“Malaysia to Vote Amid Race Tension,” by Sydney Schanberg, August 24, 1974",
   "“Malaysia Government Sweeps Elections,” by Sydeny Schanberg, August 26, 1974",
   "“Abdul Razak Dead at 53; Malaysia Prime Minister,” January 15, 1976",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Deputy Chief Seizes Power in Malaysia,” May 17, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.2,
  "lng": 102,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "82005171969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1969-05-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 7,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_13_Incident"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Malayan Premier Sworn in,” August 22, 1959"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Emergency Panel Rules in Malaysia,” by Charles Mohr, May 17, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysian Prime Minister’s retirement raises fears among non-Malays,”by henry kamm, September 7, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysian Premier Suspends Charter,” May 15, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysian Strongman: Abdul Razak,” May 17, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Moderate Malay Remains Control,” by Anthony Polsky, July 20, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia Shifts Rulers Quietly,” by Henry Kamm, September 22, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia Intalls a New Leader,” by Henry Kamm, September 23, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia to Vote Amid Race Tension,” by Sydney Schanberg, August 24, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malaysia Government Sweeps Elections,” by Sydeny Schanberg, August 26, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Abdul Razak Dead at 53; Malaysia Prime Minister,” January 15, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Deputy Chief Seizes Power in Malaysia,” May 17, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62505251969",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1969-05-25",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Maghoub",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1969-05-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Officers in Sudan Oust Government,” by Raymond Anderson, May 26, 1969",
   "“Sudan Coup Raises Question on Arab-Red Tie,” July 25, 1971",
   "“Sudan Plans Fall election,” August 14, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62505251969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1969-05-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Maghoub",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 399,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Officers in Sudan Oust Government,” by Raymond Anderson, May 26, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Coup Raises Question on Arab-Red Tie,” July 25, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Plans Fall election,” August 14, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68006221969",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1969-06-22",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Yemen PDR on 1969-06-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_Muhammad_al-Shaa",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Southern Yemen’s President Quits and Council replaces Him,” June 23, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68006221969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-680-1969-06-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Shaabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_Muhammad_al-Shaa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Southern Yemen’s President Quits and Council replaces Him,” June 23, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62507201969",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1969-07-20",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Sudan on 1969-07-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“SUDAN EXPELS AMERICANS IN ABORTED COUP,” July 22, 1969",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“U.S. in Sudan coup plot,” July 21, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62507201969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 455,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SUDAN EXPELS AMERICANS IN ABORTED COUP,” July 22, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. in Sudan coup plot,” July 21, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43208121969",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1969-08-12",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Mali on 1969-08-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Coup Is Reported Thwarted In Mali,” August 19, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43208121969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-04-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1948,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Is Reported Thwarted In Mali,” August 19, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14008311969",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1969-08-31",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Costa de Silva",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 1969-08-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Brazil Junta Rules for Ailing President: Vice President, a Civilian, Shut Out by Military BRAZIL",
   "JUNTA,” September 1, 1969",
   "• Minneapolis Star",
   "“Military Triumvirate takes helm in Brazil,” September 1, 1969",
   "• Philadelphia Inquirer",
   "“Military’s Grip on Brazil Appears Firm,” September 2, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14008311969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-140-1969-08-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Costa de Silva",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1966-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1063,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil Junta Rules for Ailing President: Vice President, a Civilian, Shut Out by Military BRAZIL JUNTA,” September 1, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Minneapolis Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Triumvirate takes helm in Brazil,” September 1, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Philadelphia Inquirer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military’s Grip on Brazil Appears Firm,” September 2, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62009011969",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1969-09-01",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Idris",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1969-09-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat_",
   "of_1969",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Deposed King of Libya Leaves Greece for Cairo,” November 1, 1969",
   "• Milan No citations"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "palace_takeover"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "62009011969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-620-1969-09-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Idris",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Deposed King of Libya Leaves Greece for Cairo,” November 1, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan No citations",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14509261969",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1969-09-26",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Siles Salinas",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1969-09-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Adolfo_Siles_Salinas",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Troops Support take-Over of Government by Military leader,” September 27, 1969",
   "“Leader of Bolivia Forced to resign; Palace is Bombed,” October 7, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14509261969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1969-09-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Salinas",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1181,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Adolfo_Siles_Salinas"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Troops Support take-Over of Government by Military leader,” September 27, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Leader of Bolivia Forced to resign; Palace is Bombed,” October 7, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52010211969",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1969-10-21",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Shermarke",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Somalia on 1969-10-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Siad_Barre",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Policeman Slays Somali President,” October 16, 1969",
   "“...Overthrow in Somalia,” October 22, 1969",
   "“Somalia Abandoned to Its own Civil war with Others’ Weapons,” by Jane Perlez, January 6, 1991",
   "“Insurgents Claiming Victory in Somalia,” by Jane Perlez, January 28, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52010211969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-520-1969-10-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Shermarke",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1969-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 209,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Siad_Barre"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Policeman Slays Somali President,” October 16, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“...Overthrow in Somalia,” October 22, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Somalia Abandoned to Its own Civil war with Others’ Weapons,” by Jane Perlez, January 6, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Insurgents Claiming Victory in Somalia,” by Jane Perlez, January 28, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48411081969",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1969-11-08",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Congo on 1969-11-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Brazzaville Reports Foiling Plot for Coup,” November 9, 1969",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Congo-Brazzaville Reports Coup Plot,” November 9, 1969",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Congo Coup Foiled,” November 9, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48411081969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-484-1969-11-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2162,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazzaville Reports Foiling Plot for Coup,” November 9, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo-Brazzaville Reports Coup Plot,” November 9, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Coup Foiled,” November 9, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43412101969",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1969-12-10",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Zinsou",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1969-12-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Kouand%C 3%A 9t%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army leaders in Dahomey Oust the President and Take Over,” December 11, 1969",
   "“Dahomean Army Appoints 3-Man Junta to Rule Nation,” December 14, 1969",
   "“Dahomey Regime Suspends Election Following Violence,” March 29, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43412101969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1969-12-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Zinsou",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1968-07-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 500,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Kouand%C3%A9t%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army leaders in Dahomey Oust the President and Take Over,” December 11, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dahomean Army Appoints 3-Man Junta to Rule Nation,” December 14, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dahomey Regime Suspends Election Following Violence,” March 29, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62012101969",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1969-12-10",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1969-12-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Coup_d.27.",
   "C 3.A 9 tat_of_1969",
   "• New York Times",
   "“2 Ex-Ministers to Be Tried In Libyan Court Tomorrow,” February 9, 1970",
   "• Chicago Daily Defender",
   "“Libya Crushes Counter-Coup,” December 16, 1969",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Report Libya Plotters Foiled,” December 11, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62012101969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-620-1969-12-07-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Coup_d.27.",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "C 3.A 9 tat_of_1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“2 Ex-Ministers to Be Tried In Libyan Court Tomorrow,” February 9, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Defender",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya Crushes Counter-Coup,” December 16, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report Libya Plotters Foiled,” December 11, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09512141969",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1969-12-14",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Torrijos Herrera",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1969-12-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup Topples Panama’s Torrijos,” December 16, 1969",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“BLOODLESS COUPS BY PANAMA’S COLONELS,” December 16, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09512141969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-95-1969-12-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Torrijos Herrera",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1968-05-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 581,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Topples Panama’s Torrijos,” December 16, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BLOODLESS COUPS BY PANAMA’S COLONELS,” December 16, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09512161969",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1969-12-16",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Torrijos Herrera",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1969-12-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Panama Coup Reversed in Day; Torrijos Back, Ex-Aides Jailed: COUP IN PANAMA UNDONE IN",
   "A DAY,” December 17, 1969",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup follows coup: Panama’s ousted leader back at the helm,” December 17, 1969",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Panama Boss Rides Back To Power: Panama’s torrijos squelch es one-DayCoup,”December 17,1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09512161969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Torrijos Herrera",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1968-05-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 583,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Coup Reversed in Day; Torrijos Back, Ex-Aides Jailed: COUP IN PANAMA UNDONE IN A DAY,” December 17, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup follows coup: Panama’s ousted leader back at the helm,” December 17, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Boss Rides Back To Power: Panama’s torrijos squelch es one-DayCoup,”December 17,1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85012191969",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1969-12-19",
  "year": 1969,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Suharto",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Indonesia on 1969-12-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Called Sukarno Backers: Indonesia Arrests Top Army Officers,” December 20, 1969",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Sukarno Plot Is Smashed By Army,” December 20, 1969",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Officer Held In PLot To Return Sukarno,” December 20, 1969",
   "“Further Arrests Indicated in Indonesia,” January 4, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85012191969",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Suharto",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Called Sukarno Backers: Indonesia Arrests Top Army Officers,” December 20, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sukarno Plot Is Smashed By Army,” December 20, 1969"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Officer Held In PLot To Return Sukarno,” December 20, 1969"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Further Arrests Indicated in Indonesia,” January 4, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62501131970",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1970-01-13",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Sudan on 1970-01-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup bid foiled in Sudan,” January 14, 1970",
   "• New York Times",
   "“5 th Coup Effort Since May In Sudan Is Reported Foiled,” January 14, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62501131970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 632,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid foiled in Sudan,” January 14, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 th Coup Effort Since May In Sudan Is Reported Foiled,” January 14, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64501201970",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1970-01-20",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1970-01-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq reports executing 16 after foiling coup attempt,” January 22, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64501201970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1970-01-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.05,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq reports executing 16 after foiling coup attempt,” January 22, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57001301970",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1970-01-30",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Jonathan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Lesotho on 1970-01-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabua_Jonathan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup Reported in Lesotho after Crisis,” by Alan Cowell, January 20, 1986",
   "“Military Topples Lesotho Leader; Capital Jubilant,” by Alan Cowell, January 21, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57001301970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jonathan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1965-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1737,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabua_Jonathan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup Reported in Lesotho after Crisis,” by Alan Cowell, January 20, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Topples Lesotho Leader; Capital Jubilant,” by Alan Cowell, January 21, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81103181970",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1970-03-18",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Sihanouk",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Palace coup in Cambodia on 1970-03-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk#Deposition.2C_exile.2C_and_return",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pragmatic Cambodian Leader : Lon Nol,” March 19, 1970",
   "“Sihanouk Reported Out in a Coup by His Premier; Cambodia Airports Shut,” by Henry Kamm,",
   "March 19, 1970",
   "“3 SIHANOUK AIDES SAID NOT TO EXIST Pnompenh Believes Prince Executed Them in ’67,”",
   "August 22, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81103181970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-811-1970-03-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Sihanouk",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1966-09-11",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1284,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk#Deposition.2C_exile.2C_and_return"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pragmatic Cambodian Leader : Lon Nol,” March 19, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sihanouk Reported Out in a Coup by His Premier; Cambodia Airports Shut,” by Henry Kamm, March 19, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“3 SIHANOUK AIDES SAID NOT TO EXIST Pnompenh Believes Prince Executed Them in ’67,” August 22, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48403231970",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1970-03-23",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1970-03-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“3 Executed in Brazzaville In Attempt to Oust Regime,” March 30, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48403231970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-484-1970-03-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2297,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 32,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3 Executed in Brazzaville In Attempt to Oust Regime,” March 30, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15503251970",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-03-25",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Frei Montalva",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chile on 1970-03-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“11 HELD AS PLOTTERS OF A COUP IN CHILE,” March 26, 1970",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Chile claims to block coup plot by Army men,” March 26, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15503251970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Frei Montalva",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1964-09-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2028,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“11 HELD AS PLOTTERS OF A COUP IN CHILE,” March 26, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chile claims to block coup plot by Army men,” March 26, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62503301970",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1970-03-30",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Sudan on 1970-03-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan_(1969%E 2%80%931985",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“REPORT SUDAN REGIME FOILS REBELLION BID: Rightist Plot Crushed, Says Khartoum,”",
   "March 31, 1970",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Sudan faces 30,000 rebels on island,” March 31, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62503301970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 708,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 150,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan_(1969%E2%80%931985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“REPORT SUDAN REGIME FOILS REBELLION BID: Rightist Plot Crushed, Says Khartoum,” March 31, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan faces 30,000 rebels on island,” March 31, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05204211970",
  "country": "Trinidad and Tobago",
  "country_iso3": "TTO",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1970-04-21",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Williams",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Trinidad and Tobago on 1970-04-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power_Revolution",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“U.S. Warships off Trinidad and As British Send in Troops,” April 23, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 10.7,
  "lng": -61.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05204211970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Williams",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1966-11-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1261,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Warships off Trinidad and As British Send in Troops,” April 23, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04104241970",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1970-04-24",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1970-04-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Duvalier Calls Mutiny Over, But Haiti Stays Sealed Off,” April 26, 1970",
   "• LA Times",
   "“HAITI MUTINY CHOKED OFF, DUVALIER SAYS,” April 26, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04104241970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1970-04-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Francois Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-06-14",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2140,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 26,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Duvalier Calls Mutiny Over, But Haiti Stays Sealed Off,” April 26, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HAITI MUTINY CHOKED OFF, DUVALIER SAYS,” April 26, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52004271970",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1970-04-27",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Somalia on 1970-04-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Police chief held in Somalia,” April 28, 1970",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Somalia’s Police Chief Held in Plot,” April 28, 1970",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Somalia Police Chief Seized; Faces Charges of Treason: Around the World,” April 28, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52004271970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1969-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 397,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 29,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Police chief held in Somalia,” April 28, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somalia’s Police Chief Held in Plot,” April 28, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somalia Police Chief Seized; Faces Charges of Treason: Around the World,” April 28, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006081970",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-06-08",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ongania",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Argentina on 1970-06-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentine Chief is Forced to Quit in Military Coup,” June 9, 1970",
   "“Argentine Junta Pledges a Return to Civilian Rule,” June 10, 1970",
   "“Lanusse to Take Argentine Presidency,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, March 26, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006081970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1970-06-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Ongania",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1963-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2528,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Chief is Forced to Quit in Military Coup,” June 9, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Junta Pledges a Return to Civilian Rule,” June 10, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Lanusse to Take Argentine Presidency,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, March 26, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13006221970",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-06-22",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Ecuador on 1970-06-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E 2%80%931979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ROUNDUP FOLLOWS COUP IN ECUADOR: Business Leaders Are Said to Be Among the De-",
   "tained,” June 24, 1970",
   "“Ecuador Kidnappers Said to Set Terms,” October 29, 1970",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Ecuador’s President Takes Full Power in Dispute Over Taxes: Dictatorial Move, Backed by the",
   "Military, Includes Placement of Banks Under Regime’s Control,” June 23, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13006221970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1968-06-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 750,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E2%80%931979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ROUNDUP FOLLOWS COUP IN ECUADOR: Business Leaders Are Said to Be Among the Detained,” June 24, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Kidnappers Said to Set Terms,” October 29, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador’s President Takes Full Power in Dispute Over Taxes: Dictatorial Move, Backed by the Military, Includes Placement of Banks Under Regime’s Control,” June 23, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69807231970",
  "country": "Oman",
  "country_iso3": "OMN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1970-07-23",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; injured; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Oman on 1970-07-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; injured; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaboos_bin_Said",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sultan of Oman and Muscat is Overthrown by Son,” July 27, 1970",
   "“Coup in Oman: Out of Arabian Nights Into 20 th Century,” September 5, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": 55.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69807231970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-698-1970-07-26",
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.01,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaboos_bin_Said"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sultan of Oman and Muscat is Overthrown by Son,” July 27, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Oman: Out of Arabian Nights Into 20 th Century,” September 5, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46108081970",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1970-08-08",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Togo on 1970-08-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“17 held as Togo plot thwarted,” August 10, 1970",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Togo coup bid fails,” August 10, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46108081970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1963-05-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2652,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“17 held as Togo plot thwarted,” August 10, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo coup bid fails,” August 10, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66309011970",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1970-09-01",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Jordan on 1970-09-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The Dilemma of the P.L.O.,” by Stanley Karnow, March 25, 1975",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Syrian Invader Force Halted, Jordan Says; Plea for Big 4 Aid Told,” September 22, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66309011970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Dilemma of the P.L.O.,” by Stanley Karnow, March 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Invader Force Halted, Jordan Says; Plea for Big 4 Aid Told,” September 22, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15509141970",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-09-14",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Frei Montalva",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chile on 1970-09-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Files Reveal Nixon Role in Plot to Block Allende From Chilean Presidency,” August 8, 2023",
   "• Foreign Affairs",
   "“The ‘Invisible Blockade’ and the Overthrow of Allende,” January, 1974",
   "• New York Times",
   "“C.I.A. Chief Tell House of $8-Millions Campaign Against Allende in 70-73,” September 8, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15509141970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Frei Montalva",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1970-09-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 10,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Files Reveal Nixon Role in Plot to Block Allende From Chilean Presidency,” August 8, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Affairs",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The ‘Invisible Blockade’ and the Overthrow of Allende,” January, 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“C.I.A. Chief Tell House of $8-Millions Campaign Against Allende in 70-73,” September 8, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14510061970",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-10-06",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ovando Candia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1970-10-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Ovando_Cand%C 3%ADa",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leader of Bolivia Forced to resign; Palace is Bombed,” October 7, 1970",
   "“Bolivian Marxist Students Oust Police Aides and Spread Terror,” by Malcom W. Browne, October",
   "11, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14510061970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1970-10-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Ovando Candia",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1556,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Ovando_Cand%C3%ADa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leader of Bolivia Forced to resign; Palace is Bombed,” October 7, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Marxist Students Oust Police Aides and Spread Terror,” by Malcom W. Browne, October 11, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14510071970",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1970-10-07",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Ovando Candia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1970-10-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C 3%A 9_Torres",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Marxist Students Oust Police Aides and Spread Terror,” by Malcom W. Browne, October",
   "11, 1970",
   "“Bolivia revolt Spreads,” August 21, 1971",
   "“Bolivia Chief Flees HQ, Rebels Move In,” August 22 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Planes Strike Bolivia Junta; President Overthrown,” October 7, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14510071970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ovando Candia",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1557,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Torres"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Marxist Students Oust Police Aides and Spread Terror,” by Malcom W. Browne, October 11, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia revolt Spreads,” August 21, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Chief Flees HQ, Rebels Move In,” August 22 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Planes Strike Bolivia Junta; President Overthrown,” October 7, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65211131970",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1970-11-13",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1970-11-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Syrian_Corrective_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Syrian President Reported Held,” November 14, 1970",
   "“Military Appears to Control Syria,” by Eric Pace, November 15, 1970",
   "“Former teacher Named Head of State in Syria,” November 19, 1970",
   "“U.A.R. MINISTER CONFERS IN SYRIA ’Cooperation’ Is Aim, New Damascus Regime Says,” by",
   "John M. Lee, November 23, 1970",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Syria Coup Internally Focused,” November 15, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": [
   "arrests",
   "palace_takeover"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 3,
  "cline_id": "65211131970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-652-1970-11-13",
  "leader_in_power": "N. El-Atassi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1961-12-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3256,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Syrian_Corrective_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian President Reported Held,” November 14, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Appears to Control Syria,” by Eric Pace, November 15, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Former teacher Named Head of State in Syria,” November 19, 1970"
     },
     {
      "text": "“U.A.R. MINISTER CONFERS IN SYRIA ’Cooperation’ Is Aim, New Damascus Regime Says,” by John M. Lee, November 23, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria Coup Internally Focused,” November 15, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43811221970",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1970-11-22",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea on 1970-11-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Portuguese Invade by Sea, Guinea Says: Guinea Accuses Portuguese of Backing Seaborne Attack,”",
   "November 23, 1970",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Invader Ships Seen Leaving: Reports Say Fight Ended in Guinea,” November 24, 1970"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43811221970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1968-01-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1056,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portuguese Invade by Sea, Guinea Says: Guinea Accuses Portuguese of Backing Seaborne Attack,” November 23, 1970"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Invader Ships Seen Leaving: Reports Say Fight Ended in Guinea,” November 24, 1970"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "32512071970",
  "country": "Italy",
  "country_iso3": "ITA",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1970-12-07",
  "year": 1970,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Colombo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Italy on 1970-12-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Central Intelligence Agency",
   "https://www.cia.gov/reading room/docs/BORGHESE%2C%20 JUNIO%20 VALERIO_0036.pdf",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rome Police Arrested Another in Alledged Neo-Fascist Plot,” March 21, 1971",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_Borghese"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.9,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "32512071970",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Colombo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1968-05-19",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 932,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.73,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Central Intelligence Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://www.cia.gov/reading room/docs/BORGHESE%2C%20JUNIO%20VALERIO_0036.pdf"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rome Police Arrested Another in Alledged Neo-Fascist Plot,” March 21, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_Borghese"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14501101971",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-01-10",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Torres",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1971-01-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banzer_Su%C 3%A 1 rez"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14501101971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1971-01-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Torres",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1652,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banzer_Su%C3%A1rez"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50001251971",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1971-01-25",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Obote",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1971-01-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_under_Idi_Amin",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Obote Ousted by Ugandan Army,” January 26, 1971",
   "“Tensions Easing Between Ugandans And Tanzanians,” December 26, 1971",
   "“Capital of Uganda Taken by Invaders; New Regime Formed,” by John Darnton, April 12, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50001251971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-500-1971-01-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Obote",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1962-04-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 3197,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 75,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_under_Idi_Amin"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Obote Ousted by Ugandan Army,” January 26, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Tensions Easing Between Ugandans And Tanzanians,” December 26, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Capital of Uganda Taken by Invaders; New Regime Formed,” by John Darnton, April 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64003121971",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1971-03-12",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Demirel",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1971-03-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Turkish_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Foreign Notes,” March 14, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64003121971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-1971-03-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Demirel",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1969-10-12",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 516,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foreign Notes,” March 14, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "07003161971",
  "country": "Mexico",
  "country_iso3": "MEX",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "North America",
  "date": "1971-03-16",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Echeverria Alvarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mexico on 1971-03-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mexico Says She Has No Guerrillas, Just Bandits; But Observers Believe Several Groups Are Oper-",
   "ating Senior Foreign Diplomats Are Given Special Guards,” August 7, 1971",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Mexico arrests 19 in alledged red coup plot,” March 16, 1971",
   "“Mexico tells 5 Soviet diplomats to leave ’as soon as possible’,” March 19, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.6,
  "lng": -102.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "07003161971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Echeverria Alvarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1970-07-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 254,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mexico Says She Has No Guerrillas, Just Bandits; But Observers Believe Several Groups Are Operating Senior Foreign Diplomats Are Given Special Guards,” August 7, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mexico arrests 19 in alledged red coup plot,” March 16, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mexico tells 5 Soviet diplomats to leave ’as soon as possible’,” March 19, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16003221971",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-03-22",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Levingston",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Palace coup in Argentina on 1971-03-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Levingston",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Lanusse to Take Argentine Presidency,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, March 26, 1971",
   "“New Argentine Junta Hints at Elections,” March 24, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16003221971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1971-03-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Levingston",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1963-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2815,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Levingston"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lanusse to Take Argentine Presidency,” by H. J. Maiden Berg, March 26, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Argentine Junta Hints at Elections,” March 24, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45103231971",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1971-03-23",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Stevens",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1971-03-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sierra Leone Army Puts Down a Coup,” March 24, 1971",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup Fails in Sierra Leone,” March 25, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45103231971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1971-03-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Stevens",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1967-03-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1467,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone#Three_Military_Coups_.281967-1968."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Army Puts Down a Coup,” March 24, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Fails in Sierra Leone,” March 25, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81204061971",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1971-04-06",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1971-04-06, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Laos Coup Attempt Fails,” by Joseph Fried, April 8, 1971",
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“8 Arrested in Laos For Coup Plot,” April 9, 1971",
   "• New York Times",
   "“8 Charged in Laos With Planning Coup,” April 9, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81204061971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1967-01-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1556,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laos Coup Attempt Fails,” by Joseph Fried, April 8, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“8 Arrested in Laos For Coup Plot,” April 9, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“8 Charged in Laos With Planning Coup,” April 9, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43204071971",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1971-04-07",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Mali on 1971-04-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mali Said to Foil Plot,” April 9, 1971",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“President Foils Coup in Mali,” April 9, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43204071971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1964-04-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2551,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali Said to Foil Plot,” April 9, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Foils Coup in Mali,” April 9, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14504261971",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-04-26",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Torres",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1971-04-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Bolivian Coup Thwarted,” April 27, 1971",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Bolivia Announces Arrests in Plot,” April 27, 1971",
   "• The Sun",
   "“The Opposition Stays Splintered; Bolivia’s President Stays in Power,” April 18, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14504261971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Torres",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1758,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Coup Thwarted,” April 27, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Announces Arrests in Plot,” April 27, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Opposition Stays Splintered; Bolivia’s President Stays in Power,” April 18, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "26505031971",
  "country": "German Democratic Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DDR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1971-05-03",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ulbricht",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in German Democratic Republic on 1971-05-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht#Dismissal.2C_death_and_legacy",
   "• New York Times",
   "“After Ulbricht’s Fall,” May 4, 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ulbrich Retires in E.Germany,” by Alice Siegert, May 4, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 52.1,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "26505031971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ulbricht",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1968-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht#Dismissal.2C_death_and_legacy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After Ulbricht’s Fall,” May 4, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ulbrich Retires in E.Germany,” by Alice Siegert, May 4, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16005111971",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-05-11",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lanusse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Argentina on 1971-05-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Lanusse unshaken by ’coup’,” May 13, 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Report Coup Foiled, 3 Seized in Argentina,” May 13, 1971",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Argentine Army says Coup try foiled,” May 12, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16005111971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lanusse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1963-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2865,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lanusse unshaken by ’coup’,” May 13, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report Coup Foiled, 3 Seized in Argentina,” May 13, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Army says Coup try foiled,” May 12, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52005251971",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1971-05-25",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Somalia on 1971-05-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Somalia Says Coup Attempt By 2 Generals Was Crushed,” June 7, 1971",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Somalian Regime Asserts It Crushed a Coup Attempt,” June 7, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52005251971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1969-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 790,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somalia Says Coup Attempt By 2 Generals Was Crushed,” June 7, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somalian Regime Asserts It Crushed a Coup Attempt,” June 7, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "60007101971",
  "country": "Morocco",
  "country_iso3": "MAR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1971-07-10",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Hassan II",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Morocco on 1971-07-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco",
   "• New York Times",
   "“4 ARAB COUNTRIES ASSAIL MOROCCO; Parley in Egypt on Regional Disputes Is Concluded,”",
   "by Raymond H. Anderson, July 19, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 31.8,
  "lng": -7.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "60007101971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-600-1971-07-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1970-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 374,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 90,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“4 ARAB COUNTRIES ASSAIL MOROCCO; Parley in Egypt on Regional Disputes Is Concluded,” by Raymond H. Anderson, July 19, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62507191971",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1971-07-19",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1971-07-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (19-22 July 1971)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nimeiry Is Sworn in Sudan As First Elected President,” October 13, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62507191971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1971-07-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1184,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 50,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (19-22 July 1971)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nimeiry Is Sworn in Sudan As First Elected President,” October 13, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62507221971",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1971-07-22",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1971-07-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak (19-22 July 1971)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nimeiry Is Sworn in Sudan As First Elected President,” October 13, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62507221971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1187,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (19-22 July 1971)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nimeiry Is Sworn in Sudan As First Elected President,” October 13, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14508221971",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-08-22",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Torres",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1971-08-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banzer",
   "• New York Times",
   "“U.S. Denies Bolivia Role,” August 30, 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivian Junta Names Colonel to head Regime,” August 23, 1971",
   "“Bolivian President Resigns in Uprising, Pereda Rules,” July 22, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14508221971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1971-08-22-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Torres",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1876,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 70,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banzer"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Denies Bolivia Role,” August 30, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Junta Names Colonel to head Regime,” August 23, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian President Resigns in Uprising, Pereda Rules,” July 22, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48308261971",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1971-08-26",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Chad on 1971-08-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chad Radio Reports Coup Is Thwarted; Cairo Ties Broken,” August 28, 1971",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup Fails, Chad Says,” August 28, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48308261971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1969-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 802,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Radio Reports Coup Is Thwarted; Cairo Ties Broken,” August 28, 1971"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Fails, Chad Says,” August 28, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71009081971",
  "country": "China",
  "country_iso3": "CHN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1971-09-08",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Mao Tse-Tung",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in China on 1971-09-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Biao#The_.22 Lin_Biao_incident.22",
   "• New York Times",
   "“TOP CHINA POSTS IN FORCES VACANT Peking’s Delay in Filling Them Linked to Rivalries,”",
   "August 6, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 104.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71009081971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mao Tse-Tung",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1964-12-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Biao"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TOP CHINA POSTS IN FORCES VACANT Peking’s Delay in Filling Them Linked to Rivalries,” August 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16010081971",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1971-10-08",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Lanusse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Argentina on 1971-10-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“65 Arrests Made,” October 12, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16010081971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1971-10-08-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Lanusse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1963-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3015,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“65 Arrests Made,” October 12, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80011171971",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1971-11-17",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1971-11-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanom_Kitti Kac Horn",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup in Thailand,” November 18, 1971",
   "“Thai Parliament Is Ended; Leaders Seize Full Power Citing’; Dangers’; toCountry, Than Om And Aides",
   "Abolish Constitution–Pledge To Maintain Foreign Policies Thailand Parliament Ended; Leaders Seize",
   "Power,” November 18, 1971"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80011171971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1969-02-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1010,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanom_Kitti Kac Horn"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Thailand,” November 18, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Parliament Is Ended; Leaders Seize Full Power Citing’; Dangers’; toCountry, Than Om And Aides Abolish Constitution–Pledge To Maintain Foreign Policies Thailand Parliament Ended; Leaders Seize Power,” November 18, 1971"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77012201971",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1971-12-20",
  "year": 1971,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Yahya Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Pakistan on 1971-12-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Khan#Fall_from_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pakistan Asserts President Yahya is Quitting Today,” by Malcom W.Browne, December 20, 1971",
   "“Pakistans Swear Bhutto as Chief, Replacing Yahya...” by Malcom Brown, December 21, 1971",
   "“Mujib Says That Bhutto Foiled An Execution Order by Yahya,” January 17, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77012201971",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-770-1971-12-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Yahya Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1970-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 378,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Khan#Fall_from_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pakistan Asserts President Yahya is Quitting Today,” by Malcom W.Browne, December 20, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Pakistans Swear Bhutto as Chief, Replacing Yahya...” by Malcom Brown, December 21, 1971"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mujib Says That Bhutto Foiled An Execution Order by Yahya,” January 17, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45201131972",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1972-01-13",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Busia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1972-01-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_A Cheam Pong",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Regime in Ghana Reported Ousted,” January 13, 1972",
   "“Ghana’s Leader, a General, Quits and is Succeeded by his Deputy,” July 6, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45201131972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1972-01-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Busia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1969-08-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 867,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_A Cheam Pong"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Regime in Ghana Reported Ousted,” January 13, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ghana’s Leader, a General, Quits and is Succeeded by his Deputy,” July 6, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45201151972",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1972-01-15",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Acheampong",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1972-01-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Plot Crushed Ghana Coup Leaders Say,” January 16, 1972",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Counter-coup attempt crushed Ghana’s new leaders announce,” January 16, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45201151972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Acheampong",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1969-08-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 869,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Crushed Ghana Coup Leaders Say,” January 16, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Counter-coup attempt crushed Ghana’s new leaders announce,” January 16, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69601251972",
  "country": "United Arab Emirates",
  "country_iso3": "ARE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1972-01-25",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "An-Nahayan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in United Arab Emirates on 1972-01-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Sheikh to stand trial after unsuccessful palace revolution,” January 26, 1972",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Radical Sheik,” January 30, 1972",
   "United States of America"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.4,
  "lng": 53.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69601251972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-696-1972-01-25",
  "leader_in_power": "An-Nahayan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sheikh to stand trial after unsuccessful palace revolution,” January 26, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Radical Sheik,” January 30, 1972 United States of America"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13002151972",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1972-02-15",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1972-02-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E 2%80%931979)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Armed Forces Oust Ecuador President in a Bloodless Coup,” February 16, 1972",
   "“Ecuador Voting Is Led By Stand-In For A Man Disqualified By Junta Runoff In About A Month Populist",
   "Strain Still Strong,” by David Vidal, July 18, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13002151972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1972-02-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Ibarra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1968-06-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1353,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E2%80%931979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armed Forces Oust Ecuador President in a Bloodless Coup,” February 16, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Voting Is Led By Stand-In For A Man Disqualified By Junta Runoff In About A Month Populist Strain Still Strong,” by David Vidal, July 18, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48402221972",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1972-02-22",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1972-02-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Nou Mazal Aye",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Congo Republic’s Leader Demotes 20 for Coup Roles,” March 26, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48402221972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-484-1972-02-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1963-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2998,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Nou Mazal Aye"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Republic’s Leader Demotes 20 for Coup Roles,” March 26, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69402221972",
  "country": "Qatar",
  "country_iso3": "QAT",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1972-02-22",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ahmed Ath-Thani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Qatar on 1972-02-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Ali_Al_Thani"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 25.4,
  "lng": 51.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69402221972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-694-1972-02-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Ahmed Ath-Thani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Ali_Al_Thani"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43402231972",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1972-02-23",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Maga",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1972-02-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Kouand%C 3%A 9t%C 3%A 9"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43402231972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1972-02-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Maga",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1970-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 716,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Kouand%C3%A9t%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81103111972",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1972-03-11",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Lon Nol",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Cambodia on 1972-03-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Lon Nol’s Coup Surprised Closes Associates,” March 12, 1972",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Lon Nol Takes Over Top Post,” March 14, 1972",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Takeover by Lon Nol Surprises Cambodians: Lon Nol Takeover Stuns Cambodia, Delays Assembly",
   "Role,” March 12, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81103111972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lon Nol",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1966-09-11",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2008,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lon Nol’s Coup Surprised Closes Associates,” March 12, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lon Nol Takes Over Top Post,” March 14, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Takeover by Lon Nol Surprises Cambodians: Lon Nol Takeover Stuns Cambodia, Delays Assembly Role,” March 12, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09203251972",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1972-03-25",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sanchez Hernandez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1972-03-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09203251972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-92-1972-03-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Sanchez Hernandez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1972-02-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 34,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 100,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador_(1931-1979)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51604291972",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1972-04-29",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Micombero",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Burundi on 1972-04-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Burundi: Clashes Follow Coup Bid,” May 7, 1972",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi Says Ex-King Is Dead As Coup Fails,” May 1, 1972",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Burundi Govt Foils Coup Attempt,” May 2, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51604291972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Micombero",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi: Clashes Follow Coup Bid,” May 7, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Says Ex-King Is Dead As Coup Fails,” May 1, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Govt Foils Coup Attempt,” May 2, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58005091972",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1972-05-09",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Tsiranana",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Madagascar on 1972-05-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“20 Die in Clashes in Madagascar,” May 14, 1972",
   "“Madagascar’s President Yields Power to General,” May 9, 1972",
   "“President to Retain Madagascar Role,” May 21, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58005091972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tsiranana",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1972-01-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 100,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“20 Die in Clashes in Madagascar,” May 14, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar’s President Yields Power to General,” May 9, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President to Retain Madagascar Role,” May 21, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45207161972",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1972-07-16",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Acheampong",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1972-07-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Ghana Says Plot Foiled,” July 17, 1972",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ghana Says It Aborted a Coup by Ex-Leader,” July 17, 1972",
   "• Washington Post, Times Herald",
   "“Ghana Plot,” July 17, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45207161972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Acheampong",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1969-08-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1052,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Says Plot Foiled,” July 17, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Says It Aborted a Coup by Ex-Leader,” July 17, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post, Times Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Plot,” July 17, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "60008161972",
  "country": "Morocco",
  "country_iso3": "MAR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1972-08-16",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Hassan II",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Morocco on 1972-08-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 31.8,
  "lng": -7.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "60008161972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-600-1972-08-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1972-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 8,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50009171972",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1972-09-17",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Uganda on 1972-09-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Uganda Reports Invasion By Tanzania; It’saPeople’sRevolt, the latter insists; Uganda Reports She",
   "Is Under Invasion,” by Charles Mohr, September 18, 1972",
   "“Uganda Invaders Report Halted by Amin’s Troops,” by Charles Mohr, September 19, 1972",
   "“Amin Apparently Victor in Uganda: Exiles’ Invasion Is Believed Decisively Defeated,” by Charles",
   "Mohr, September 21, 1972",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_invasion_of_Uganda"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50009171972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Reports Invasion By Tanzania; It’saPeople’sRevolt, the latter insists; Uganda Reports She Is Under Invasion,” by Charles Mohr, September 18, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Invaders Report Halted by Amin’s Troops,” by Charles Mohr, September 19, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Amin Apparently Victor in Uganda: Exiles’ Invasion Is Believed Decisively Defeated,” by Charles Mohr, September 21, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_invasion_of_Uganda"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58010111972",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1972-10-11",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Tsiranana",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Madagascar on 1972-10-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranana",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Philip Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978",
   "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan At Soa, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979",
   "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58010111972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tsiranana",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1972-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 3,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranana"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philip Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan At Soa, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43410261972",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1972-10-26",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ahomadegbe",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1972-10-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikpedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin#Post-colonial_period",
   "• BBC",
   "“Benin profile - Timeline,” November 2, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43410261972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1972-10-26-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Ahomadegbe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1970-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 962,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin#Post-colonial_period",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin profile - Timeline,” November 2, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66311251972",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1972-11-25",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Jordan on 1972-11-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Hussein Charges - ‘Arafat, Gaddaft Behind Coup Bid’,” November 28, 1972",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Jordan’sking confirms report of coup attempt: Says Guerrillas‘Bought’Scheme’sLeader, Mentions",
   "No Attack by Would-Be Assassin,” November 28, 1972",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Jordan Said to Foil Plot to Overthrow Hussein and to Proclaim a Republic,” November 26, 1972",
   "“Jordan Lays Plot To Palestinians: Hussein, in interview, Says Libya Also Helped,”November 28,1972",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Hussein Accuses Libya of Backing Coup Plotters,” November 28, 1972"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66311251972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-663-1972-11-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Hussein Ibn Talal El-Hashim",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hussein Charges - ‘Arafat, Gaddaft Behind Coup Bid’,” November 28, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jordan’sking confirms report of coup attempt: Says Guerrillas‘Bought’Scheme’sLeader, Mentions No Attack by Would-Be Assassin,” November 28, 1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jordan Said to Foil Plot to Overthrow Hussein and to Proclaim a Republic,” November 26, 1972"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Jordan Lays Plot To Palestinians: Hussein, in interview, Says Libya Also Helped,”November 28,1972"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hussein Accuses Libya of Backing Coup Plotters,” November 28, 1972"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09112041972",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1972-12-04",
  "year": 1972,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Cruz",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1972-12-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C 3%B 3n_Ernesto_Cruz_Ucl%C 3%A 9s",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Honduran Army Ousts Leader Named in Bribery Case in U.S. HONDURAN CHIEF OUSTED BY",
   "ARMY,” by Alan Riding, April 23, 1975",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Honduras Chief is Ousted,” April 23, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09112041972",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1972-12-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Cruz",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1971-03-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 617,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Ernesto_Cruz_Ucl%C3%A9s"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduran Army Ousts Leader Named in Bribery Case in U.S. HONDURAN CHIEF OUSTED BY ARMY,” by Alan Riding, April 23, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Chief is Ousted,” April 23, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62501261973",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1973-01-26",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1973-01-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan_(1969%E 2%80%931985)",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“12 Are Held as Sudan Foils Plot,” January 27, 1973",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Sudanese uncover assassination plot,” January 27, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62501261973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1971-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 499,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan_(1969%E2%80%931985)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“12 Are Held as Sudan Foils Plot,” January 27, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudanese uncover assassination plot,” January 27, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16502101973",
  "country": "Uruguay",
  "country_iso3": "URY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-02-10",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uruguay on 1973-02-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Uruguayan Crisis Eased By Accord Borda Berry And Military Commanders Agree On Fun-",
   "damental Points; URUGUAYAN CRISIS EASED BY ACCORD Political Parties Quiet ’The People",
   "Will Rebel’ Cabinet an Issue,” February 13, 1973",
   "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,“ June 13, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -32.5,
  "lng": -55.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16502101973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1971-11-28",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 440,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uruguayan Crisis Eased By Accord Borda Berry And Military Commanders Agree On Fundamental Points; URUGUAYAN CRISIS EASED BY ACCORD Political Parties Quiet ’The People Will Rebel’ Cabinet an Issue,” February 13, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,“ June 13, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57204121973",
  "country": "Swaziland",
  "country_iso3": "SWZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1973-04-12",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Subhuza II",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Swaziland on 1973-04-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Swaziland’s King Assumes Full Control: Constitution ‘Unworkable’ A Landlocked Country,” April",
   "13, 1973",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“King Changes Law,” April 15, 1973",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“King of Swaziland Holds Happly ‘Coup,’ Revives Tribal Rule,” April 14, 1973",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobhuza_II"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -26.5,
  "lng": 31.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57204121973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Subhuza II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1964-01-19",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 3371,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Swaziland’s King Assumes Full Control: Constitution ‘Unworkable’ A Landlocked Country,” April 13, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“King Changes Law,” April 15, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“King of Swaziland Holds Happly ‘Coup,’ Revives Tribal Rule,” April 14, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobhuza_II"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505151973",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-05-15",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1973-05-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“BOLIVIA REPORTS DEATH OF PLOTTER: Says Rightist Was Killed in a Fall After His Arrest",
   "Says Rightist Was Killed in a Fall After His Arrest Incident Is Described Launching on SovietTV,”",
   "May 16, 1973",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“NEWS IN BRIEF: WORLD,” May 15, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505151973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2508,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BOLIVIA REPORTS DEATH OF PLOTTER: Says Rightist Was Killed in a Fall After His Arrest Says Rightist Was Killed in a Fall After His Arrest Incident Is Described Launching on SovietTV,” May 16, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEWS IN BRIEF: WORLD,” May 15, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35005241973",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1973-05-24",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Papadopoulos",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Greece on 1973-05-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modern_Greece#Greek_military_junta_of_1967.E 2.",
   "80.931974",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Attempted Coup Foiled, Greece Says,” May 24, 1973",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Greek Government Foils Coup Attempt by Ex-Admirals,” May 25, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35005241973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Papadopoulos",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1968-11-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1651,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modern_Greece"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Coup Foiled, Greece Says,” May 24, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Greek Government Foils Coup Attempt by Ex-Admirals,” May 25, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16506271973",
  "country": "Uruguay",
  "country_iso3": "URY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-06-27",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Uruguay on 1973-06-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leftist Daily in Uruguay Suspended by Government,” August 10, 1973",
   "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,” June 13, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -32.5,
  "lng": -55.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16506271973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1971-11-28",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 577,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leftist Daily in Uruguay Suspended by Government,” August 10, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,” June 13, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15506291973",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-06-29",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Allende",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chile on 1973-06-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Coup Aborted... but a Democracy Dead,” June 30, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15506291973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-155-1973-06-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Allende",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1970-10-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 979,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.69,
  "deaths": 22,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Coup Aborted... but a Democracy Dead,” June 30, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64506301973",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1973-06-30",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1973-06-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“IRAQ DEFENSE AIDE SLAIN BY PLOTTERS: Government Says Chief Of Security Seized Generals",
   "and Fled Toward Iran,” July 2, 1973",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Iraqi regime stops coup; scores held,” July 2, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64506301973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1973-07-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.05,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IRAQ DEFENSE AIDE SLAIN BY PLOTTERS: Government Says Chief Of Security Seized Generals and Fled Toward Iran,” July 2, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraqi regime stops coup; scores held,” July 2, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51707051973",
  "country": "Rwanda",
  "country_iso3": "RWA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1973-07-05",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kayibanda",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Rwanda on 1973-07-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C 3%A 9 goire_Kayibanda",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup in Rwanda Follows Tribal Dissension,” July 6, 1973",
   "“Rwanda Coup Traced to Area Rivalry and Poverty Coup Began Before Dawn Made Serfs of Hutus,”",
   "July 7, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.9,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51707051973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-517-1973-07-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Kayibanda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1969-09-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1376,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_Kayibanda"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup in Rwanda Follows Tribal Dissension,” July 6, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rwanda Coup Traced to Area Rivalry and Poverty Coup Began Before Dawn Made Serfs of Hutus,” July 7, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70007171973",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1973-07-17",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mohammad Musa Shafiq",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1973-07-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Kabul After Coup Quiet, Patrolled,” July 20, 1973",
   "“Afghans Seem Happy That King is Gond: Family Reported Safe,” July 24, 1973",
   "“Afghan Chief Reported Killed,” April 28, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70007171973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-700-1973-07-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Mohammad Musa Shafiq",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 8,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kabul After Coup Quiet, Patrolled,” July 20, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Afghans Seem Happy That King is Gond: Family Reported Safe,” July 24, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Afghan Chief Reported Killed,” April 28, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14508181973",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-08-18",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1973-08-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup Planned: Rebels Under Siege in Bolivia,” August 19, 1973",
   "• Los Angels Times",
   "“Bolivia Plot Leader, 190 Men Holding Out,” August 19, 1973",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivia Reports Foiling Anti-Government Plot,” August 19, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14508181973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2603,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Planned: Rebels Under Siege in Bolivia,” August 19, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angels Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Plot Leader, 190 Men Holding Out,” August 19, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Reports Foiling Anti-Government Plot,” August 19, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81208201973",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1973-08-20",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Laos on 1973-08-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thao_Ma",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebellious Laotian Troops Encircle Premier’s Home ATTEMPTED COUP IS FOILED IN LAOS",
   "Broadcast Reports Coup U.S. Support Reaffirmed,” by David K. Shipler, August 20, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81208201973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-812-1973-08-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1972-01-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 596,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thao_Ma"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellious Laotian Troops Encircle Premier’s Home ATTEMPTED COUP IS FOILED IN LAOS Broadcast Reports Coup U.S. Support Reaffirmed,” by David K. Shipler, August 20, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15509111973",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1973-09-11",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Allende",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chile on 1973-09-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Junta in Charge,” September 12, 1973",
   "“Chile’s Chief Claims Big Victory in Vote,” January 5, 1978",
   "“Elect President replaces Pinochet,” by Shirley Christian, March 12, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Salvador Allende (deposed president)",
   "Augusto Pinochet (army commander who led the coup and became head of the ensuing military junta)"
  ],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "palace_takeover",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "15509111973",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-CHL-1973",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-155-1973-09-11-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Allende",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1970-10-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1053,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.69,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Junta in Charge,” September 12, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chile’s Chief Claims Big Victory in Vote,” January 5, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Elect President replaces Pinochet,” by Shirley Christian, March 12, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70009201973",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1973-09-20",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1973-09-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hashim_Mai Wand Wal",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Arrest in Tunisia,” September 22, 1973",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Plot uncovered in Kabul,” September 22, 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70009201973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hashim_Mai Wand Wal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrest in Tunisia,” September 22, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot uncovered in Kabul,” September 22, 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80010141973",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1973-10-14",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Thailand on 1973-10-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Thai Premier Names as Students Battle Troops,” October 15, 1973",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“300 killed in student conflict in Thailand,” October 15, 1973",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Premier Quits in Thailand,” October 15 1973"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80010141973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Thanon Kittakachorn",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1969-02-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1707,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Thai Premier Names as Students Battle Troops,” October 15, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“300 killed in student conflict in Thailand,” October 15, 1973"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Premier Quits in Thailand,” October 15 1973"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35011251973",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1973-11-25",
  "year": 1973,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Papadopoulos",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Greece on 1973-11-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E 2%80%931974#The_coup_d.27.",
   "C 3.A 9 tat_of_21_Apri",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup in Greece Removes Papadopoulos,” by Alvin Shuster, November 26, 1973",
   "“GREECE IS UNEASY 7 DAYS AFTER COUP New Leaders Show Signs of Tough Line but Are",
   "Seen As Uncertain On Course Feeling Their Way; A Mysterious Key Figure Contacts With Politicians,”",
   "December 3, 1973",
   "“Junta’s Rule Ends,” July 24, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35011251973",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-350-1973-11-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Papadopoulos",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1973-07-29",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 119,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup in Greece Removes Papadopoulos,” by Alvin Shuster, November 26, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“GREECE IS UNEASY 7 DAYS AFTER COUP New Leaders Show Signs of Tough Line but Are Seen As Uncertain On Course Feeling Their Way; A Mysterious Key Figure Contacts With Politicians,” December 3, 1973"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta’s Rule Ends,” July 24, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57001071974",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1974-01-07",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Jonathan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Lesotho on 1974-01-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basutoland_Congress_Party",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Court in Lesotho Convicts 18 of Anti-Government Plot,” July 10, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57001071974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jonathan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1965-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 3175,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 200,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basutoland_Congress_Party"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Court in Lesotho Convicts 18 of Anti-Government Plot,” July 10, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43902081974",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1974-02-08",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lamizana",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1974-02-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C 3%A 9 rard_Kango_Ou%C 3%A 9 draogo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Takes Over in Upper Volta; President Stays,” February 9, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43902081974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lamizana",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1970-06-14",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1335,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Kango_Ou%C3%A9draogo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Takes Over in Upper Volta; President Stays,” February 9, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23503161974",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1974-03-16",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Caetano",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1974-03-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Soldiers surrender: Portugal halts revolt over African policies,” March, 18 1974",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“DECORATED COLONEL HELD: Portugal Arrests 30 Officers After Revolt,” March, 18 1974",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Portugal Mutiny Put Down: Troops March, Protest Firing Of War Foe,” Miguel Acoca, March, 17",
   "1974",
   "• The Austin American - Statesmen (1973-1980)",
   "“Portugal Revolt Brings Arrests,”, March, 18, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23503161974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-235-1974-03-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Caetano",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers surrender: Portugal halts revolt over African policies,” March, 18 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DECORATED COLONEL HELD: Portugal Arrests 30 Officers After Revolt,” March, 18 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal Mutiny Put Down: Troops March, Protest Firing Of War Foe,” Miguel Acoca, March, 17 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin American - Statesmen (1973-1980)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal Revolt Brings Arrests,”, March, 18, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50003231974",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1974-03-23",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1974-03-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The World Russia vs. Egypt Is a New Mideast War–of Words Sticks and Stones Attack Whitlam",
   "And His Policies Britain’s Budget Is Essentially a Belt-Tightener Blood Flows and Uganda’s Amin",
   "Survives-Again,” March 31, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50003231974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-500-1974-03-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 50,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The World Russia vs. Egypt Is a New Mideast War–of Words Sticks and Stones Attack Whitlam And His Policies Britain’s Budget Is Essentially a Belt-Tightener Blood Flows and Uganda’s Amin Survives-Again,” March 31, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43604151974",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1974-04-15",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Diori",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1974-04-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamani_Diori",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Long Term Leader Deposed in Niger,” April 16, 1974",
   "“Army’s Leader in Niger is Appointed President,” November 15, 1987",
   "“Election Strife in Mauritania,” January 27, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43604151974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-1974-04-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Diori",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1970-10-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1292,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamani_Diori"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Long Term Leader Deposed in Niger,” April 16, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army’s Leader in Niger is Appointed President,” November 15, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Election Strife in Mauritania,” January 27, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23504251974",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1974-04-25",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Caetano",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1974-04-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Portugal’s Army Seizes Control and Proclaims Democratic Goal...” April 26, 1974",
   "“New Chief in Lisbon,” October 1, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "23504251974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-235-1974-04-25-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Caetano",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal’s Army Seizes Control and Proclaims Democratic Goal...” April 26, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Chief in Lisbon,” October 1, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65104271974",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1974-04-27",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Sadat",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 1974-04-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Cairo Said to Hold 75 in Conspiracy To Depose Sadat,” April 27, 1974",
   "“Egyptians Accuse Qaddafi Of Starting Plot for Coup,” April 27, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65104271974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sadat",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1971-09-11",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 959,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cairo Said to Hold 75 in Conspiracy To Depose Sadat,” April 27, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Egyptians Accuse Qaddafi Of Starting Plot for Coup,” April 27, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506051974",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1974-06-05",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1974-06-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E 2%80%9382)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506051974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1974-06-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2894,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E2%80%9382)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67806131974",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1974-06-13",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Iryani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1974-06-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hamdi",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military in Yemen Ousts Government and Sets Up Junta,” June 14, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67806131974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-678-1974-06-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Iryani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hamdi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military in Yemen Ousts Government and Sets Up Junta,” June 14, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35207151974",
  "country": "Cyprus",
  "country_iso3": "CYP",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1974-07-15",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Makarios",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Cyprus on 1974-07-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III#Makarios_and_the_Cyprus_problem_.281964.E 2.",
   "80.931977.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army takes Over in Cyprus in a Coup Led by Greeks,” by Lawrence Gelder, July 16, 1974",
   "“Cyprus Unity Bid,” by Steven Roberts, July 24, 1974",
   "“Chronology of Recent Events in Cyprus Crisis,” August 15, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.1,
  "lng": 33.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35207151974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-352-1974-07-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Makarios",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1968-02-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2332,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.48,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army takes Over in Cyprus in a Coup Led by Greeks,” by Lawrence Gelder, July 16, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cyprus Unity Bid,” by Steven Roberts, July 24, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chronology of Recent Events in Cyprus Crisis,” August 15, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53009121974",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1974-09-12",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Selassie",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 1974-09-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haile_Selassie",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ethiopian Military Assails the Emperor,” September 12, 1974",
   "“ETHIOPIANS DEMAND TRIAL FOR SELASSIE,” September 16, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "53009121974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-530-1974-09-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Selassie",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haile_Selassie"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian Military Assails the Emperor,” September 12, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“ETHIOPIANS DEMAND TRIAL FOR SELASSIE,” September 16, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23509281974",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1974-09-28",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Spinola",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Portugal on 1974-09-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C 3%B 3 nio_de_Sp%C 3%ADnola",
   "• New York Times",
   "“LISBON RELEASES 2 SALAZAR AIDES Freeing of Prisoners Part of Shift to Right Since Leftist",
   "Coup Failed,” January 23, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23509281974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Spinola",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Sp%C3%ADnola"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“LISBON RELEASES 2 SALAZAR AIDES Freeing of Prisoners Part of Shift to Right Since Leftist Coup Failed,” January 23, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23509301974",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1974-09-30",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Spinola",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1974-09-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C 3%B 3 nio_de_Sp%C 3%ADnola",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Chief in Lisbon,” October 1, 1974",
   "“Army Chief Wins in Portugal Vote for President,” by Marvine Howe, June 28, 1976",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Portugal’s Leftists Unseat Spinola,” October 1, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23509301974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Spinola",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Sp%C3%ADnola"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Chief in Lisbon,” October 1, 1974"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Chief Wins in Portugal Vote for President,” by Marvine Howe, June 28, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal’s Leftists Unseat Spinola,” October 1, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511071974",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1974-11-07",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1974-11-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E 2%80%9382)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs; Thieu Offer Ties To Red Nations Police ‘Bodyguard Slain in Argentina New",
   "Quake in Peru Damages’ Buildings Arab Kills an Israeli On West Bank Bolivian Cabinet Out After",
   "Abortive Coup,” November 10, 1974",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Rebellion Crushed in Bolivia,” November 8, 1974",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Banzer says Bolivian coup is crushed,” November 9, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511071974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1974-11-07-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3049,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E2%80%9382)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; Thieu Offer Ties To Red Nations Police ‘Bodyguard Slain in Argentina New Quake in Peru Damages’ Buildings Arab Kills an Israeli On West Bank Bolivian Cabinet Out After Abortive Coup,” November 10, 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion Crushed in Bolivia,” November 8, 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Banzer says Bolivian coup is crushed,” November 9, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511081974",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1974-11-08",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1974-11-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E 2%80%9382",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs; Thieu Offer Ties To Red Nations Police ‘Bodyguard Slain in Argentina New",
   "Quake in Peru Damages’ Buildings Arab Kills an Israeli On West Bank Bolivian Cabinet Out After",
   "Abortive Coup,” November 10, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511081974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1966-07-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3050,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bolivia_(1964%E2%80%9382"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; Thieu Offer Ties To Red Nations Police ‘Bodyguard Slain in Argentina New Quake in Peru Damages’ Buildings Arab Kills an Israeli On West Bank Bolivian Cabinet Out After Abortive Coup,” November 10, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50011111974",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1974-11-11",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1974-11-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“UGANDA REBELLION REPORTED CRUSHED,” November 11, 1974",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Uganda troop revolt reported, crushed by Amin loyalists,” November 11, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50011111974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-500-1974-11-11-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“UGANDA REBELLION REPORTED CRUSHED,” November 11, 1974"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda troop revolt reported, crushed by Amin loyalists,” November 11, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53011231974",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1974-11-23",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Andom",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Ethiopia on 1974-11-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman_Mikael_Andom",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ethiopia Says Aman Died in Gun Battle,” November 27, 1974"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53011231974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Andom",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 60,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman_Mikael_Andom"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia Says Aman Died in Gun Battle,” November 27, 1974"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58012311974",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1974-12-31",
  "year": 1974,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ramanantsoa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 1974-12-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ramanan Tso A",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Philip Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978",
   "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan At Soa, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979",
   "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58012311974",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-580-1974-12-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Ramanantsoa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1972-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 814,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ramanan Tso A"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philip Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan At Soa, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43401211975",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1975-01-21",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kerekou",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 1975-01-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43401211975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-434-1975-01-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Kerekou",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1970-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1779,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58002051975",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1975-02-05",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ramanantsoa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 1975-02-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ramanan Tso A",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Philibert Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978",
   "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan Tso A, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979",
   "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58002051975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ramanantsoa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1972-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 850,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ramanan Tso A"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philibert Tsiranana, 66; Malagasy Ex-President,” April 17, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Gen.Gabriel Ramanan Tso A, 73, Former President of Madagascar,” May 11, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Malagasy leader Gives up his Power,” February 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35002241975",
  "country": "Greece",
  "country_iso3": "GRC",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1975-02-24",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Karamanlis",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Greece on 1975-02-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Greek Regime Says It Thwarted a Plot; 28 Officers Seized GREECE REPORTS FOILING OF A",
   "PLOT,” February 25, 1975",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Greece foils attempt at Army coup,” February 25, 1975",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Greek military coup foiled,” February 25, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.1,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35002241975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Karamanlis",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1974-11-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 99,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Greek Regime Says It Thwarted a Plot; 28 Officers Seized GREECE REPORTS FOILING OF A PLOT,” February 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Greece foils attempt at Army coup,” February 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Greek military coup foiled,” February 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23503111975",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1975-03-11",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1975-03-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C 3%B 3 nio_de_Sp%C 3%ADnola",
   "• New York Times",
   "“News Summary and Index The Major Events of the Day,” March 13, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23503111975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-235-1975-03-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Sp%C3%ADnola"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News Summary and Index The Major Events of the Day,” March 13, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81703261975",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-03-26",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Van Thieu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1975-03-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Saigon Says Coup Fails,” March 27, 1975",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Saigon Reports It Halted Plot to Overthrow Thieu,” March 27, 1975",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt: Thieu Says Retreat Is Over,” by Don Oberdorfer, March 27, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81703261975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Van Thieu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1270,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saigon Says Coup Fails,” March 27, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saigon Reports It Halted Plot to Overthrow Thieu,” March 27, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt: Thieu Says Retreat Is Over,” by Don Oberdorfer, March 27, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81104011975",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-04-01",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Lon Nol",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Cambodia on 1975-04-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Nol#The_Khmer_Republic_and_the_Civil_War",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Lon Nol Leaving Cambodia Today; Cancels Last Talk,” by Joseph Lelyveld, April 1, 1975",
   "“Interim President Takes Over as Lon Nol Flies to Indonesia,” by David A. Andelman, April 2, 1975",
   "“Military taking Over in Cambodia as Last Americans are Evacuated,” by Sydney Schanberg, April",
   "13, 1975",
   "“Truce was Sought,” by Sydney Schanberg, April 17, 1975",
   "“Lon Nol Takes Off From Phnom Penh into Probable Exile,” by Joseph Lelyveld, April 1, 1975",
   "“News Summary and Index,” April 17, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81104011975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lon Nol",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1972-09-04",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 939,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_Nol#The_Khmer_Republic_and_the_Civil_War"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lon Nol Leaving Cambodia Today; Cancels Last Talk,” by Joseph Lelyveld, April 1, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Interim President Takes Over as Lon Nol Flies to Indonesia,” by David A. Andelman, April 2, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military taking Over in Cambodia as Last Americans are Evacuated,” by Sydney Schanberg, April 13, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Truce was Sought,” by Sydney Schanberg, April 17, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Lon Nol Takes Off From Phnom Penh into Probable Exile,” by Joseph Lelyveld, April 1, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“News Summary and Index,” April 17, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304131975",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1975-04-13",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 1975-04-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 ois_Tomb Alba Ye",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Chad is Killed during a Military takeover,” April 14, 1975",
   "“Ousted Officials in Chad Await Army’s Decision on Their Fate,” April 18, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304131975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-1975-04-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1969-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2128,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tomb Alba Ye"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Chad is Killed during a Military takeover,” April 14, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ousted Officials in Chad Await Army’s Decision on Their Fate,” April 18, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304151975",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1975-04-15",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Chad on 1975-04-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C 3%ABl_Milarew_Odingar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chad Junta Names a Chief of State,” by Thomas A. Johnson, April 17, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304151975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tombalbaye",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1969-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2130,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Milarew_Odingar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Junta Names a Chief of State,” by Thomas A. Johnson, April 17, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81704211975",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-04-21",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Van Thieu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1975-04-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu#Thi.E 1.BB.87u.E 2.80.99s_collapse",
   "• New York Times",
   "“After President Thieu,” April 22, 1975",
   "“Vietcong Indicate They want Minh as Saigon Leader,” by Malcolm W. Browne, April 25, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81704211975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Van Thieu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1296,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After President Thieu,” April 22, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Vietcong Indicate They want Minh as Saigon Leader,” by Malcolm W. Browne, April 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09104221975",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1975-04-22",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lopez Arellano",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1975-04-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_L%C 3%B 3 pez_Arellano",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Honduran Army Ousts Leader Named in Bribery Case in U.S. HONDURAN CHIEF OUSTED BY",
   "ARMY,” by Alan Riding, April 23, 1975",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Honduras Chief is Ousted,” April 23, 1975",
   "“Honduras Chief Ousted in Coup,” August 8, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09104221975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1975-04-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Lopez Arellano",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-03-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1486,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_L%C3%B3pez_Arellano"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduran Army Ousts Leader Named in Bribery Case in U.S. HONDURAN CHIEF OUSTED BY ARMY,” by Alan Riding, April 23, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Chief is Ousted,” April 23, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Chief Ousted in Coup,” August 8, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81704301975",
  "country": "Republic of Vietnam",
  "country_iso3": "VNM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-04-30",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Minh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Vietnam on 1975-04-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu#Communists_close_in_and_Thi.E 1.BB.87u_resigns",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Minh Named to Head Government in Move to End the Vietnam War,” April 28, 1975",
   "“End of Defense,” April 30, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14.1,
  "lng": 108.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81704301975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Minh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1305,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Van_Thieu"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Minh Named to Head Government in Move to End the Vietnam War,” April 28, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“End of Defense,” April 30, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49006181975",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1975-06-18",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Mobutu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1975-06-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“MOBUTU REPORTS A COUP ATTEMPT An Official Editorial Also Implicates U.S.,” by Charles",
   "A. Johnson, June 18, 1975",
   "“6 ZAIRE OFFICERS HELD AS PLOTTERS: Other Arrests Reported as Paraders Hail Mobutu,”",
   "June 19, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49006181975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mobutu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1970-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1691,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“MOBUTU REPORTS A COUP ATTEMPT An Official Editorial Also Implicates U.S.,” by Charles A. Johnson, June 18, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“6 ZAIRE OFFICERS HELD AS PLOTTERS: Other Arrests Reported as Paraders Hail Mobutu,” June 19, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47507291975",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1975-07-29",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Gowon",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1975-07-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup Ends Nine Year Rule,” July 30, 1975",
   "“Nigeria’s New Head of State,” by Thomas Johnson, July 31, 1975",
   "“Nigeria Confirms Killing of Leader,” by John Darton, February 15, 1976",
   "“NIGERIA EXECUTES 30 FOR COUP ROLE Ex-Defense Minister Among Them Britain Is Asked",
   "to Extradite Gowon Nigerians Execute 30 for Role in Coup,” March 13, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47507291975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1975-07-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Gowon",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup Ends Nine Year Rule,” July 30, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria’s New Head of State,” by Thomas Johnson, July 31, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Confirms Killing of Leader,” by John Darton, February 15, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“NIGERIA EXECUTES 30 FOR COUP ROLE Ex-Defense Minister Among Them Britain Is Asked to Extradite Gowon Nigerians Execute 30 for Role in Coup,” March 13, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23507311975",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1975-07-31",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1975-07-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Briefs: Top Portugal aids ousted,” August 1, 1975",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Portugal junta purges 13 dissident officers,” by Fenton Wheeler, August 1, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23507311975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Briefs: Top Portugal aids ousted,” August 1, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portugal junta purges 13 dissident officers,” by Fenton Wheeler, August 1, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43608021975",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1975-08-02",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kountche",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1975-08-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs,” August 3, 1975",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Coup in Niger Foiled,” August 3, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43608021975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kountche",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1970-10-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1766,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs,” August 3, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Niger Foiled,” August 3, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58108031975",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1975-08-03",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Abdallah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Comoros on 1975-08-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Jaffar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pro-French Group Gains Control of the Comoro Islands in a Coup,” August 4, 1975",
   "“French Pullout Leaves Colony Near Insolvency French Withdrawal Leaves a Former Colony Near",
   "Insolvency,” December 15, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58108031975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abdallah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1974-12-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 224,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Jaffar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pro-French Group Gains Control of the Comoro Islands in a Coup,” August 4, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“French Pullout Leaves Colony Near Insolvency French Withdrawal Leaves a Former Colony Near Insolvency,” December 15, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62008051975",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1975-08-05",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1975-08-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Paper in Cairo Reports A Coup in Libya Foiled,” August 5, 1975",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Libya coup crushed,” August 5, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62008051975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-620-1975-08-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paper in Cairo Reports A Coup in Libya Foiled,” August 5, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya coup crushed,” August 5, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62008141975",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1975-08-14",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1975-08-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Libya coup fails, paper says,” August 18, 1975",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup bid misfires in Libya,” August 18, 1975",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Libyan coup bid foiled, Egyptian papers say,” August 18, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62008141975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya coup fails, paper says,” August 18, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid misfires in Libya,” August 18, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libyan coup bid foiled, Egyptian papers say,” August 18, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77108151975",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1975-08-15",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sheikh Mujib Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1975-08-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mujib Reported Overthrown and Killed in a Coup by the Bangladesh Military,” by William Borders,",
   "August 15, 1975",
   "“Leaders of Coup Move to Solidify Bangladesh Move,” by William Borders, August 16, 1975",
   "“Bangladesh Hit By Shift in Army: Changes Following a Power Struggle Unclear Junior Officers",
   "Reported Held,” by William Borders, November 4, 1975",
   "“Bangladesh Head Quits,” November 6, 1975",
   "“President of Bangladesh Resigns, Nearly 3 Months After Coup, in Confrontation...” by William",
   "Borders, November 6, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": [
   "assassination",
   "troop_movement",
   "martial_law_or_curfew"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "77108151975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1975-08-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Sheikh Mujib Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1973-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 891,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 9,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mujib Reported Overthrown and Killed in a Coup by the Bangladesh Military,” by William Borders, August 15, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Leaders of Coup Move to Solidify Bangladesh Move,” by William Borders, August 16, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Hit By Shift in Army: Changes Following a Power Struggle Unclear Junior Officers Reported Held,” by William Borders, November 4, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Head Quits,” November 6, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Bangladesh Resigns, Nearly 3 Months After Coup, in Confrontation...” by William Borders, November 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67808161975",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1975-08-16",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Hamadi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1975-08-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Coup Attempt Cited in Yemen,” August 17, 1975",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Plot Failed,” August 17, 1975",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Around the World: N. Yemen Plot,” August 17, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67808161975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Hamadi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Coup Attempt Cited in Yemen,” August 17, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Failed,” August 17, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Around the World: N. Yemen Plot,” August 17, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81208241975",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-08-24",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Laos on 1975-08-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“News Summary and Index; The Major Events of the Day Section 1,” August 24, 1975",
   "“Laotian Colaition Seen Near an End,” December 2, 1975",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Inside the news-briefly,” August 25, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81208241975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1972-01-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1330,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News Summary and Index; The Major Events of the Day Section 1,” August 24, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Laotian Colaition Seen Near an End,” December 2, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Inside the news-briefly,” August 25, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13508291975",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1975-08-29",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Velasco Alvarado",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Peru on 1975-08-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Peru Ousted in Coup led by the Military,” by Paul Hofmann, August 30, 1975",
   "“Government in Peru Stepping Up Its Efforts to Halt Subversion and Increase Production,” August",
   "29, 1976",
   "“Peru Schedules Election Next June in First Step Toward Civilian Rule,” October 6, 1977",
   "“Peru’s Moderate Leftists are the Apparent Victors in First Voting in Decade,” June 20, 1978",
   "“Peru’s New Chief Won by Shrewd Use of Military issue,” May 21, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13508291975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1975-08-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Velasco Alvarado",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Peru Ousted in Coup led by the Military,” by Paul Hofmann, August 30, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Government in Peru Stepping Up Its Efforts to Halt Subversion and Increase Production,” August 29, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru Schedules Election Next June in First Step Toward Civilian Rule,” October 6, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s Moderate Leftists are the Apparent Victors in First Voting in Decade,” June 20, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s New Chief Won by Shrewd Use of Military issue,” May 21, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13009011975",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1975-09-01",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Rodriguez Lara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1975-09-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E 2%80%931979)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13009011975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1975-09-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Rodriguez Lara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1968-06-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2647,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Governments_of_Ecuador_(1960%E2%80%931979)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62509051975",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1975-09-05",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1975-09-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Foiled in Sudan,” September 6, 1975",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Attempted coup in Sudan crushed,” September 6, 1975",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup bid in Sudan,” September 7, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62509051975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1975-09-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1971-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1451,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Foiled in Sudan,” September 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted coup in Sudan crushed,” September 6, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid in Sudan,” September 7, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50009091975",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1975-09-09",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1975-09-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Uganda Coup Reportedly Foiled at the Last Minute,” September 10, 1975",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Uganda army coup failed, sources say,” September 10, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50009091975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Coup Reportedly Foiled at the Last Minute,” September 10, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda army coup failed, sources say,” September 10, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43410191975",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1975-10-19",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Kerekou",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Benin on 1975-10-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Smashing of a Plot Reported by Dahomey,” October 20, 1975",
   "“African Land, No Stranger to Coups, Repulses an Attack by ‘Mercenaries’,” January 17, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43410191975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kerekou",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1970-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2050,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Smashing of a Plot Reported by Dahomey,” October 20, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“African Land, No Stranger to Coups, Repulses an Attack by ‘Mercenaries’,” January 17, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15510311975",
  "country": "Chile",
  "country_iso3": "CHL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1975-10-31",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Pinochet",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Chile on 1975-10-31, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“CHILE SAYS A PLOT BY LEFT IS BROKEN,” November 1, 1975",
   "“Chile reports 14 leftists held; guerrilla infiltration plot found,” November 11, 1975",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Chile says it foiled plot,” November 12, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -35.7,
  "lng": -71.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15510311975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pinochet",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1970-10-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1833,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CHILE SAYS A PLOT BY LEFT IS BROKEN,” November 1, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chile reports 14 leftists held; guerrilla infiltration plot found,” November 11, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chile says it foiled plot,” November 12, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77111071975",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1975-11-07",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1975-11-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Musharraf",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh Head Quits,” November 6, 1975",
   "“President of Bangladesh Resigns, Nearly 3 Months After Coup, in Confrontation...” by William",
   "Borders, November 6, 1975",
   "“Bengali General Takes Power Role,” by William Borders, November 7, 1975",
   "“New Bengali President to Stay; 3 Military Men to ‘Assist’ Him,” November 8, 1975",
   "“World News Briefs: Bangladesh Leader Quits, Gives His Post To General,” April 22, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77111071975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1975-11-07-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1973-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 975,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 200,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Musharraf"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Head Quits,” November 6, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Bangladesh Resigns, Nearly 3 Months After Coup, in Confrontation...” by William Borders, November 6, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bengali General Takes Power Role,” by William Borders, November 7, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Bengali President to Stay; 3 Military Men to ‘Assist’ Him,” November 8, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs: Bangladesh Leader Quits, Gives His Post To General,” April 22, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77111081975",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1975-11-08",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1975-11-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh: Since Independence, Just Failure,” November 9, 1975",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Power Shifts in Dacca Again: Ousted General Stages Comeback,” November 8, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77111081975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1973-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 976,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 200,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh: Since Independence, Just Failure,” November 9, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Power Shifts in Dacca Again: Ousted General Stages Comeback,” November 8, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "54011111975",
  "country": "Angola",
  "country_iso3": "AGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1975-11-11",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Angola on 1975-11-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostinho_Neto",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Portuguese Quit Angola as the Civil War Goes On,” by Michael Kaufman, November 11, 1975",
   "“Agostinho Ne To,56, Angola’sLeader, Dies In Moscow After Surgery,”by thomas johnson, September",
   "12, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.2,
  "lng": 17.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "54011111975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1973-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostinho_Neto"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Portuguese Quit Angola as the Civil War Goes On,” by Michael Kaufman, November 11, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Agostinho Ne To,56, Angola’sLeader, Dies In Moscow After Surgery,”by thomas johnson, September 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23511251975",
  "country": "Portugal",
  "country_iso3": "PRT",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1975-11-25",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Portugal on 1975-11-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_de_Novembro",
   "• New York Times",
   "“LISBON RELEASES 2 SALAZAR AIDES Freeing of Prisoners Part of Shift to Right Since Leftist",
   "Coup Failed,” January 23, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lng": -8.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23511251975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-235-1975-11-25-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Costa Gomes",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1972-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_de_Novembro"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“LISBON RELEASES 2 SALAZAR AIDES Freeing of Prisoners Part of Shift to Right Since Leftist Coup Failed,” January 23, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81212021975",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1975-12-02",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Laos on 1975-12-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Laos_since_194",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Laotian Colaition Seen Near an End,” December 2, 1975",
   "“Coalition regime in laos Abolished,” December 4, 1975",
   "“Revolution in Vientiane a Slow One,” by Fox Butterfield, December 4, 1975",
   "“New Laos Rulers Are Introduced,” by Fox Butterfield, December 6, 1975",
   "“Kaysone Phomvihan , ’Laoitian Leader Gains with new Constitution’,” August 16, 1991",
   "“Communist Who Ruled Laos, is Dead at 71,” by Brice Lambert, November 22, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81212021975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Souvanna Phouma",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1972-01-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1430,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Laos_since_194"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laotian Colaition Seen Near an End,” December 2, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coalition regime in laos Abolished,” December 4, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Revolution in Vientiane a Slow One,” by Fox Butterfield, December 4, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Laos Rulers Are Introduced,” by Fox Butterfield, December 6, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Kaysone Phomvihan , ’Laoitian Leader Gains with new Constitution’,” August 16, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Communist Who Ruled Laos, is Dead at 71,” by Brice Lambert, November 22, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "54112171975",
  "country": "Mozambique",
  "country_iso3": "MOZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1975-12-17",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Machel",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mozambique on 1975-12-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Rebel Attempt at coup quelled in Mozambique,” December 18, 1975",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Mozambique Says Troops Crush Attempted Coup,” December 19, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.7,
  "lng": 35.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "54112171975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-541-1975-12-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Machel",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.03,
  "deaths": 6,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Attempt at coup quelled in Mozambique,” December 18, 1975"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mozambique Says Troops Crush Attempted Coup,” December 19, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16012181975",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1975-12-18",
  "year": 1975,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Isabel Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1975-12-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Mart%C 3%ADnez_de_Per%C 3%B 3n#The_presidency",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Argentinian coup still on the cards,” December 22, 1975",
   "“Air Force rebels surrender in Argentina,” December 23, 1975"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16012181975",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1975-12-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Isabel Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1973-09-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 816,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.56,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Per%C3%B3n#The_presidency"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentinian coup still on the cards,” December 22, 1975"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Air Force rebels surrender in Argentina,” December 23, 1975"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13001111976",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1976-01-11",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Rodriguez Lara",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1976-01-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Rodr%C 3%ADguez_(politician)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military in Ecuador Deposes President Appeal to Military,” January 12, 1976",
   "“Ecuadorean S Voting for President Today,” by David Vidal, July 16, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13001111976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1976-01-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Rodriguez Lara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1968-06-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2779,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(politician)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military in Ecuador Deposes President Appeal to Military,” January 12, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ecuadorean S Voting for President Today,” by David Vidal, July 16, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48202051976",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1976-02-05",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Bokassa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 1976-02-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Central African Republic Holds 3 in Coup Attempt,” February 10, 1976",
   "• Tampa Bay Times",
   "“Murder Attempt on African Leader Reported,” February 5, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48202051976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-1976-02-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Bokassa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic Holds 3 in Coup Attempt,” February 10, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Tampa Bay Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Murder Attempt on African Leader Reported,” February 5, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47502131976",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1976-02-13",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ramat Mohammed",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1976-02-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala_Ramat_Mohammed",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria Confirms Killing of Leader,” by John Darton, February 15, 1976",
   "“NIGERIA EXECUTES 30 FOR COUP ROLE Ex-Defense Minister Among Them Britain Is Asked",
   "to Extradite Gowon Nigerians Execute 30 for Role in Coup,” March 13, 1976",
   "“Vote in Nigeria is Test if Third –World Democracy,” by William Borders, July 12, 1979",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Nigeria Choosing A Civilian President,” August 12, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47502131976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1976-02-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Ramat Mohammed",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 6,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtala_Ramat_Mohammed"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Confirms Killing of Leader,” by John Darton, February 15, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“NIGERIA EXECUTES 30 FOR COUP ROLE Ex-Defense Minister Among Them Britain Is Asked to Extradite Gowon Nigerians Execute 30 for Role in Coup,” March 13, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Vote in Nigeria is Test if Third –World Democracy,” by William Borders, July 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Choosing A Civilian President,” August 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66003121976",
  "country": "Lebanon",
  "country_iso3": "LBN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1976-03-12",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Franjieh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Lebanon on 1976-03-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“President resists army coup in Lebanon,” March 12, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 35.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66003121976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-660-1976-03-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Franjieh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1972-04-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1426,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President resists army coup in Lebanon,” March 12, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43603151976",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1976-03-15",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kountche",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1976-03-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Crushing of an Army Coup Reported by Niger Leader,” March 16, 1976",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup plot thwarted in Niger,” March 16, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43603151976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-1976-03-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Kountche",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1970-10-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1992,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 30,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Crushing of an Army Coup Reported by Niger Leader,” March 16, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot thwarted in Niger,” March 16, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16003241976",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1976-03-24",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Isabel Peron",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1976-03-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Per%C 3%B 3n#Fall_from_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mrs. Peron Overthrown by Military in Argentina and Reported Arrested,” by Juan de Onis, March",
   "24, 1976",
   "“Argentine Junta Under Army Chief Assumes Control,” March 25, 1976",
   "“A Bomb Kills 18 in Buenos Aires: Blast in Police Dining Room Linked to Argentine Drive Against",
   "Subversion A Bomb in Police Dining Room In Argentina Kills at Least 18, ” by Juan de Onis, July 3,",
   "1976",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“New President in Argentina,” March 30, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "media_seizure",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "16003241976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-160-1976-03-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Isabel Peron",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1973-09-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 913,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.51,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n#Fall_from_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mrs. Peron Overthrown by Military in Argentina and Reported Arrested,” by Juan de Onis, March 24, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Junta Under Army Chief Assumes Control,” March 25, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“A Bomb Kills 18 in Buenos Aires: Blast in Police Dining Room Linked to Argentine Drive Against Subversion A Bomb in Police Dining Room In Argentina Kills at Least 18, ” by Juan de Onis, July 3, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New President in Argentina,” March 30, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16506121976",
  "country": "Uruguay",
  "country_iso3": "URY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1976-06-12",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uruguay on 1976-06-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Maria_Borda Berry",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,” June 13, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -32.5,
  "lng": -55.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16506121976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-165-1976-06-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Bordaberry",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-11-28",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1658,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Maria_Borda Berry"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military in Uruguay Ousts President over Policy Differences,” June 13, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62507021976",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1976-07-02",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Sudan on 1976-07-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudan, Accusing Libya in U.N., Asks Meeting on Botched Coup,” July 6, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62507021976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1976-07-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1971-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1752,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 1000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan, Accusing Libya in U.N., Asks Meeting on Botched Coup,” July 6, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13507091976",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1976-07-09",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Morales Bermudez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1976-07-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Peru regime puts down revolt by rightist general,” July 11, 1976",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Peru crushes revolt,” July 11, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13507091976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Morales Bermudez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru regime puts down revolt by rightist general,” July 11, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru crushes revolt,” July 11, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80010061976",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1976-10-06",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Seni Pramoj",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1976-10-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (20 October 1976)",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_October_1976_Massacre",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Thai Military Takes Power After Police Battle Protesters,” by David A. Andelman, October 7, 1976",
   "“New Leader in Thailand,” October 8, 1976",
   "“Thai King Names Civilian Premier 2 Days After Coup,” by David A.Andelman, October 9, 1976",
   "“Vietnam Accuses U.S. Of Role in Thailand,” October 9, 1976",
   "“King of Thailand Gives Approval to New Rightist–Military regime,” by David Andelman, October",
   "23, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80010061976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1976-10-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Seni Pramoj",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1976-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 185,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (20 October 1976)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_October_1976_Massacre"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thai Military Takes Power After Police Battle Protesters,” by David A. Andelman, October 7, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Leader in Thailand,” October 8, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai King Names Civilian Premier 2 Days After Coup,” by David A.Andelman, October 9, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Vietnam Accuses U.S. Of Role in Thailand,” October 9, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“King of Thailand Gives Approval to New Rightist–Military regime,” by David Andelman, October 23, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51611011976",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1976-11-01",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Micombero",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1976-11-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Micombero",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi President Deposed by Military,” November 3, 1976",
   "“World News Briefs New Leader in Burundi Suspends Constitution Warfare in South Angola Forces",
   "Hundreds to Flee French Detain 10 Iranians In Wounding of Envoy,” November 4, 1976",
   "“Burundi to Hold Elections,” August 5, 1984",
   "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51611011976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1976-11-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Micombero",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Micombero"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi President Deposed by Military,” November 3, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs New Leader in Burundi Suspends Constitution Warfare in South Angola Forces Hundreds to Flee French Detain 10 Iranians In Wounding of Envoy,” November 4, 1976"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi to Hold Elections,” August 5, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51611111976",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1976-11-11",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Bagaza",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Burundi on 1976-11-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bagaza",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi to Hold Elections,” August 5, 1984",
   "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“World/Nation News in Brief Burundi President,” November 11, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51611111976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bagaza",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bagaza"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi to Hold Elections,” August 5, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World/Nation News in Brief Burundi President,” November 11, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70011261976",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1976-11-26",
  "year": 1976,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1976-11-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Afghanistan said to hold 50 in plot against leader,” December 10, 1976",
   "• LA Times",
   "“50 reported arrested in Afghanistan coup plot,” December 10, 1976"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70011261976",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Afghanistan said to hold 50 in plot against leader,” December 10, 1976"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“50 reported arrested in Afghanistan coup plot,” December 10, 1976"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43401161977",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1977-01-16",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Kerekou",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Benin on 1977-01-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu_K%C 3%A 9r%C 3%A 9 kou#1972_coup_and_single-party_rule",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Denard",
   "• New York Times",
   "“African Land, No Stranger to Coups, Repulses an Attack by ’Mercenaries’,” January 17, 1977",
   "“Ex-Mercenary Back in Paris to Face Trial,” February 2, 1993",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Coup atemp reported in Benin,” January 17, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43401161977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kerekou",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1970-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2505,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 8,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu_K%C3%A9r%C3%A9kou#1972_coup_and_single-party_rule"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Denard"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“African Land, No Stranger to Coups, Repulses an Attack by ’Mercenaries’,” January 17, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ex-Mercenary Back in Paris to Face Trial,” February 2, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup atemp reported in Benin,” January 17, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53002031977_1",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1977-02-03",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Banti",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Ethiopia on 1977-02-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Ethiopian Leader Killed: Junta Members Shoot It Out Shootout Foils Coup Attempt, Ethiopia Says,”",
   "by Tamene Asmare, February 4, 1977",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Head of state, 6 others killed in Ethiopia,” by Jeremy Toye, February 4, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53002031977_1",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-530-1977-02-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Banti",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian Leader Killed: Junta Members Shoot It Out Shootout Foils Coup Attempt, Ethiopia Says,” by Tamene Asmare, February 4, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Head of state, 6 others killed in Ethiopia,” by Jeremy Toye, February 4, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53002031977_2",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1977-02-03",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Banti",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Ethiopia on 1977-02-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafari_Benti",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” March 6, 1990",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ethiopia gets Head of State with Sweeping Powers,” February 12, 1977",
   "“An Overdue Exit in Ethiopia,” May 22, 1991",
   "“Rebel Cease Fire Urged-Leader Reported to be in Zimbabwe,” by Clifford Krauss, May 22, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53002031977_2",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Banti",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafari_Benti"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” March 6, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia gets Head of State with Sweeping Powers,” February 12, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“An Overdue Exit in Ethiopia,” May 22, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Cease Fire Urged-Leader Reported to be in Zimbabwe,” by Clifford Krauss, May 22, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62502031977",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1977-02-03",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1977-02-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak (2 February 1977)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudan Reports Attack on Airport in South,” February 3, 1977",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“ATTEMPT TO SEIZE SUDAN AIRPORT REPORTED SMASHED,” February 4, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62502031977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1977-02-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1971-09-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1968,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 9,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak (2 February 1977)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Reports Attack on Airport in South,” February 3, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ATTEMPT TO SEIZE SUDAN AIRPORT REPORTED SMASHED,” February 4, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48403181977",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1977-03-18",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Congo on 1977-03-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ngoubi Dies of Wounds: CONGOLESE LEADER SLAIN BY ATTACKERS,” March 20, 1977",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Congo Replaces Slain Ruler With Military Junta: Junta Takes Power in Congo,” March 20, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48403181977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ngouabi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1973-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1363,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ngoubi Dies of Wounds: CONGOLESE LEADER SLAIN BY ATTACKERS,” March 20, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Replaces Slain Ruler With Military Junta: Junta Takes Power in Congo,” March 20, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80003261977",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1977-03-26",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Thanin Kraivichien",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1977-03-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanin_Krai Vi Chien",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Thai Coup Attempt, Mostly Just a War Of Words, Is Foiled THAI COUP ATTEMPT MOSTLY",
   "JUST WORDS,” by David A. Andelman, March 27, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80003261977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1977-03-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Thanin Kraivichien",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1976-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 356,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanin_Krai Vi Chien"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thai Coup Attempt, Mostly Just a War Of Words, Is Foiled THAI COUP ATTEMPT MOSTLY JUST WORDS,” by David A. Andelman, March 27, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304011977",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1977-04-01",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Malloum",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 1977-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Attempted Coup in Chad Thwarted,” April 1, 1977",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Chad Reports Coup Crushed In the Capital,” April 2, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304011977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-1977-04-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Malloum",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1969-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2847,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 17,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Coup in Chad Thwarted,” April 1, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Reports Coup Crushed In the Capital,” April 2, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81104171977",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1977-04-17",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cambodia on 1977-04-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Plot, Shakeup in Cambodia Told,” August 19, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81104171977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1976-03-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 393,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot, Shakeup in Cambodia Told,” August 19, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "54005271977",
  "country": "Angola",
  "country_iso3": "AGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1977-05-27",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Neto",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Angola on 1977-05-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Attempted Coup in Angola is Reported Suppressed,” May 28, 1977",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostinho_Neto",
   "• Executive Intelligence Review",
   "“The Real Story of the Angola Coup Attempt,” July 12, 1977",
   "http://www.larouche pub.com/eiw/public/1977/eirv 04n 28-19770712/eirv 04n 28-19770712_056-the_",
   "real_story_of_the_angola_cou.pdf"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.2,
  "lng": 17.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "54005271977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-540-1977-05-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Neto",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1973-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 200,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Coup in Angola is Reported Suppressed,” May 28, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostinho_Neto"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Executive Intelligence Review",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Real Story of the Angola Coup Attempt,” July 12, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "http://www.larouche pub.com/eiw/public/1977/eirv 04n 28-19770712/eirv 04n 28-19770712_056-the_ real_story_of_the_angola_cou.pdf"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58106041977",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1977-06-04",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Soilih",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Comoros on 1977-06-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Airport won as Comoros Coup fails,” June 6, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58106041977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1977-06-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Soilih",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1974-12-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 895,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Airport won as Comoros Coup fails,” June 6, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "59106051977",
  "country": "Seychelles",
  "country_iso3": "SYC",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1977-06-05",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Mancham",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Seychelles on 1977-06-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C 3%A 9",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Seychelles Coup ’Judas’ Plot, Says Toppled Coup Leader: Toppled Seychelles President Labels Coup",
   "a ’Judas’ Plot Airport in Comoros Seized in Unsuccessful Coup Bid,” June 6, 1977",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leftist Overthrows Seychelles Leader,” June 6, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4.7,
  "lng": 55.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "59106051977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-591-1977-06-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Mancham",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1974-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Seychelles Coup ’Judas’ Plot, Says Toppled Coup Leader: Toppled Seychelles President Labels Coup a ’Judas’ Plot Airport in Comoros Seized in Unsuccessful Coup Bid,” June 6, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leftist Overthrows Seychelles Leader,” June 6, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50006181977",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1977-06-18",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1977-06-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Newsday",
   "“Uganda Cities Reported Calm After Fighting: Uganda Reported Calm After 2-Day Rebellion,” June",
   "21, 1977 “Aborted Coup In Uganda: Details Told: Tale of Aborted Coup in Uganda,” June 24, 1977",
   "“Idi Amin Calls Yaung a ’Pupper’: Uganda dictator denies assassination attempt but admits plot to",
   "overthrow him,” June 26, 1977",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Attempt to Kill Amin Reported: Ugandans Say Troops Patrol Entebbe Streets,” David Lamb, June",
   "21, 1977",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mafuta_Mingi"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50006181977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Cities Reported Calm After Fighting: Uganda Reported Calm After 2-Day Rebellion,” June 21, 1977 “Aborted Coup In Uganda: Details Told: Tale of Aborted Coup in Uganda,” June 24, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Idi Amin Calls Yaung a ’Pupper’: Uganda dictator denies assassination attempt but admits plot to overthrow him,” June 26, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempt to Kill Amin Reported: Ugandans Say Troops Patrol Entebbe Streets,” David Lamb, June 21, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mafuta_Mingi"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77007051977",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1977-07-05",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Bhutto",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Pakistan on 1977-07-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bhutto Announces a Vote on His rule,” May 14, 1977",
   "“Bhutto Overthrown by Armed Forces, Pakistan’s Radio Says,” July 5, 1977",
   "“head of Martial Law in Pakistan,” July 6, 1977",
   "“Pakistani Military Now Ruling the Nation, promises Elections,” July 6, 1977",
   "“PAKISTANI DROPS ELECTION IDEA AND NAMES ADVISORY PANEL,” December 26, 1981",
   "“An Unclear Succession,” by Henry Kamm, August 18, 1988",
   "“After Zia, Pakistan Takes Well to politics,” by Barbara Crossette Karachi, November 13, 1998",
   "“Opposition Ahead in pakistan Vote,” by Barbara Crosette, November 17, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "77007051977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-770-1977-07-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Bhutto",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1977-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 120,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bhutto Announces a Vote on His rule,” May 14, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bhutto Overthrown by Armed Forces, Pakistan’s Radio Says,” July 5, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“head of Martial Law in Pakistan,” July 6, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Pakistani Military Now Ruling the Nation, promises Elections,” July 6, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“PAKISTANI DROPS ELECTION IDEA AND NAMES ADVISORY PANEL,” December 26, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“An Unclear Succession,” by Henry Kamm, August 18, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After Zia, Pakistan Takes Well to politics,” by Barbara Crossette Karachi, November 13, 1998"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Opposition Ahead in pakistan Vote,” by Barbara Crosette, November 17, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77110021977",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1977-10-02",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1977-10-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman#Coup_of_1975_and_its_aftermath",
   "• New York Times",
   "“100 Reported Killed In Dacca Coup Attempt,” October 3, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77110021977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1977-10-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1977-05-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 125,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 230,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman#Coup_of_1975_and_its_aftermath"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“100 Reported Killed In Dacca Coup Attempt,” October 3, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80010201977",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1977-10-20",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Thanin Kraivichien",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1977-10-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanin_Krai Vi Chien",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Another Coup in Thailand,” October 21, 1977",
   "“Thai Junta Ousts Civilian regime, Charging it Delayed Vote Too Long,” October 21, 1977",
   "“Thailand’s Military leaders to Rule Through Civilian Panel Until Vote,” October 22, 1977",
   "“World News Briefs: Thai Military Commander Appointed Prime Minister,” November 12, 1977",
   "“That Premier, Playing Down Border Clashes, Voices Hope for Better Relations with Indochinese,”",
   "December 29, 1977",
   "“Thai Election Tomorrow Stirring Both Violence and Voter Apathy,” by Henry Kamm, April 21, 1979",
   "“World News Briefs: Thai Prime Minister resigns at Start of Economy debate,” February 29, 1980",
   "• Chicago Daily Tribune",
   "“Thailand Prime Minister resigns Under Pressure,” February 29, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80010201977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1977-10-20-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Thanin Kraivichien",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1976-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 564,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanin_Krai Vi Chien"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Another Coup in Thailand,” October 21, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Junta Ousts Civilian regime, Charging it Delayed Vote Too Long,” October 21, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thailand’s Military leaders to Rule Through Civilian Panel Until Vote,” October 22, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs: Thai Military Commander Appointed Prime Minister,” November 12, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“That Premier, Playing Down Border Clashes, Voices Hope for Better Relations with Indochinese,” December 29, 1977"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Election Tomorrow Stirring Both Violence and Voter Apathy,” by Henry Kamm, April 21, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs: Thai Prime Minister resigns at Start of Economy debate,” February 29, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thailand Prime Minister resigns Under Pressure,” February 29, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09110211977",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1977-10-21",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Melgar Castro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1977-10-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“News in Brief: THE WORLD 371 Seized in Uranium Protest,” October 23, 1977",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“World: Coup Crushed,” October 23, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09110211977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Melgar Castro",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-03-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2399,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News in Brief: THE WORLD 371 Seized in Uranium Protest,” October 23, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World: Coup Crushed,” October 23, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14512091977",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1977-12-09",
  "year": 1977,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1977-12-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“IN BRIEF: Bolivia plot cited,” December 10, 1977",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bolivia Says It Crushed Plot Against Gen. Banzer’s Military Rule: Around the World SST Flight to",
   "Asia Portuguese Politics Changes in Peking Bangladesh Politics For the Record,” December 10, 1977"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14512091977",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IN BRIEF: Bolivia plot cited,” December 10, 1977"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Says It Crushed Plot Against Gen. Banzer’s Military Rule: Around the World SST Flight to Asia Portuguese Politics Changes in Peking Bangladesh Politics For the Record,” December 10, 1977"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43202281978",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1978-02-28",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 1978-02-28, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“37 Malians Are Held in Plot,” March 14, 1978",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Mali arrests 37 on charges of plotting,” March 14, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43202281978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1974-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“37 Malians Are Held in Plot,” March 14, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali arrests 37 on charges of plotting,” March 14, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52004091978",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1978-04-09",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Somalia on 1978-04-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Siad_Barre"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52004091978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-520-1978-04-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1969-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3301,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Siad_Barre"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70004271978",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1978-04-27",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1978-04-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saur_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Afghan Chief Reported Killed,” April 28, 1978",
   "“Afghan Rebels Say 4 Key Aides to President Were Killed During Coup: Capital Reported Quiet",
   "Status of Foreigners,” by William Borders, April 30 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "assassination",
   "palace_takeover",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "70004271978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-700-1978-04-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 35,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saur_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Afghan Chief Reported Killed,” April 28, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Afghan Rebels Say 4 Key Aides to President Were Killed During Coup: Capital Reported Quiet Status of Foreigners,” by William Borders, April 30 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58105131978",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1978-05-13",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Soilih",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Comoros on 1978-05-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Soilih",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Regime in Comoros Ousted by Military,” May 14, 1978",
   "“Ex-Comoro Island Chief Reported Shot to Death While Trying to Escape,” May 30, 1978",
   "• Xinhua General News Service",
   "“Coup D’E´tat takes place in Comoros,” May 15, 1978",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Comoran Chief Ousted by Military, Radio Reports,” May 16, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58105131978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1978-05-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Soilih",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1977-10-28",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 197,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Soilih"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Regime in Comoros Ousted by Military,” May 14, 1978"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ex-Comoro Island Chief Reported Shot to Death While Trying to Escape,” May 30, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua General News Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup D’E´tat takes place in Comoros,” May 15, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoran Chief Ousted by Military, Radio Reports,” May 16, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64506081978",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1978-06-08",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1978-06-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Iraq Takes Moscow To Task: Military Plot Prompts Arrest Of Communists,” byJohnK.Cooley, June",
   "13, 1978",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Iraq Foiled Communist Plot, Diplomats Assert,” June 12, 1978",
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Showdown May Follow Crackdown: Gallows Cast Long Shadow On Soviet-IraqTies,”by an ansa fida,",
   "June 12, 1978",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iraq Cool to Soviet After Report of Communist Plot,” by Ihasan A. Hijazi, June 11, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64506081978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hassan Al-Bakr",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.05,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Takes Moscow To Task: Military Plot Prompts Arrest Of Communists,” byJohnK.Cooley, June 13, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Foiled Communist Plot, Diplomats Assert,” June 12, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Showdown May Follow Crackdown: Gallows Cast Long Shadow On Soviet-IraqTies,”by an ansa fida, June 12, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Cool to Soviet After Report of Communist Plot,” by Ihasan A. Hijazi, June 11, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81106251978",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1978-06-25",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Cambodia on 1978-06-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Vietnam, CIA Plotted Coup, Cambodia Says,” June 26, 1978",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Viet Coup Thwarted Says Cambodia,” June 26, 1978",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Cambodia Says It Foiled Coup Plot,” June 26, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81106251978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1976-03-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 827,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Vietnam, CIA Plotted Coup, Cambodia Says,” June 26, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Viet Coup Thwarted Says Cambodia,” June 26, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cambodia Says It Foiled Coup Plot,” June 26, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68006261978",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1978-06-26",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ali Rubayyi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Yemen PDR on 1978-06-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Rubai_Ali",
   "• New York Times",
   "“South Yemen Chief Reported Slain, but Pro-Red Group Stays in Power,” June 27, 1978",
   "• LA Times",
   "“S. Yemen Leader Reported Ousted, Slain With Aides: South Yemen President Reportedly Slain,”",
   "June 27, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68006261978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-680-1978-06-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Ali Rubayyi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 600,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Rubai_Ali"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Yemen Chief Reported Slain, but Pro-Red Group Stays in Power,” June 27, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“S. Yemen Leader Reported Ousted, Slain With Aides: South Yemen President Reportedly Slain,” June 27, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45207051978",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1978-07-05",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Acheampong",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1978-07-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_Acheampon",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ghana’s Leader, a General, Quits and is Succeeded by his Deputy,” July 6, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45207051978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1978-07-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Acheampong",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1978-03-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 97,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_Acheampon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana’s Leader, a General, Quits and is Succeeded by his Deputy,” July 6, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43507101978",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1978-07-10",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ould Daddah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 1978-07-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Takes Over in Mauritania With a Reportedly Bloodless Coup Stand on Polisario Unknown",
   "COUP IN MAURITANIA STAGED BY MILITARY French-Algerian Ties Strained,” by Jonathan",
   "Kandell, July 11, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43507101978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-1978-07-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Daddah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 701,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Takes Over in Mauritania With a Reportedly Bloodless Coup Stand on Polisario Unknown COUP IN MAURITANIA STAGED BY MILITARY French-Algerian Ties Strained,” by Jonathan Kandell, July 11, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14507211978",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1978-07-21",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1978-07-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Luttwak",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banze",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Rightist Leads Foes bat Lacks Majority,” July 16, 1985",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivian President Resigns in Uprising, Pereda Rules,” July 22, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14507211978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1978-07-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Banzer Suarez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1978-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 12,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Luttwak",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Banze"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Rightist Leads Foes bat Lacks Majority,” July 16, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian President Resigns in Uprising, Pereda Rules,” July 22, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09108071978",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1978-08-07",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Melgar Castro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 1978-08-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policarpo_Paz_Garc%C 3%ADa",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Honduras Chief Ousted in Coup,” August 8, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09108071978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-1978-08-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Melgar Castro",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1971-03-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2689,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policarpo_Paz_Garc%C3%ADa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Chief Ousted in Coup,” August 8, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48408141978",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1978-08-14",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Opango",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Congo on 1978-08-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Attempted Coup Foiled, Congo Leader Announces,” August 14, 1978",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Congolese crush anniversary coup,” August 15, 1978",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Congo says coup plot foiled, four arrested,” August 15, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48408141978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Opango",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1973-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1877,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Coup Foiled, Congo Leader Announces,” August 14, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congolese crush anniversary coup,” August 15, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo says coup plot foiled, four arrested,” August 15, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09308281978",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1978-08-28",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Anastasio Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nicaragua on 1978-08-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguan_revolution#Formation_of_the_FSLN",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Nicaragua Coup Crushed, Pro-Somoza Military Says: Anti-Somoza Plot Reportedly Thwarted,” by",
   "Leonard Greenwood, August 29, 1978",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Nicaragua in Turmoil: Arrest of 85 Foils Nicaragua Coup,” August 29, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09308281978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Anastasio Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1974-09-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1457,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguan_revolution#Formation_of_the_FSLN"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua Coup Crushed, Pro-Somoza Military Says: Anti-Somoza Plot Reportedly Thwarted,” by Leonard Greenwood, August 29, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua in Turmoil: Arrest of 85 Foils Nicaragua Coup,” August 29, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67810151978",
  "country": "Yemen Arab Republic",
  "country_iso3": "YAR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1978-10-15",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Saleh al-Hashidi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen Arab Republic on 1978-10-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup attempt in Yemen foiled,” October 16, 1978",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“N Yemen coup fails,” October 16, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 44.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67810151978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-678-1978-10-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Saleh al-Hashidi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 31,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup attempt in Yemen foiled,” October 16, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“N Yemen coup fails,” October 16, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14510291978",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1978-10-29",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Pereda Asbun",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bolivia on 1978-10-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Bolivia foils coup attempt,” October 31, 1978",
   "• LA Times",
   "“5 Bolivians Arrested in Coup Attempt, Government Reports,” November 1, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14510291978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pereda Asbun",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1978-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 112,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia foils coup attempt,” October 31, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 Bolivians Arrested in Coup Attempt, Government Reports,” November 1, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23011171978",
  "country": "Spain",
  "country_iso3": "ESP",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1978-11-17",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Spain on 1978-11-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Galaxia",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Spain Breaks Up Reported Coup Plot: Army Puts Handful of Right-Wing Military Men and Police",
   "Under Arrest,” November 19, 1978",
   "• The Observer",
   "“Spain foils army coup,” by William Cemlyn-Jones, November 19, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.5,
  "lng": -3.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23011171978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1977-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 520,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.4,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Galaxia"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Spain Breaks Up Reported Coup Plot: Army Puts Handful of Right-Wing Military Men and Police Under Arrest,” November 19, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Spain foils army coup,” by William Cemlyn-Jones, November 19, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511241978",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1978-11-24",
  "year": 1978,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Pereda Asbun",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1978-11-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pereda_Asb%C 3%BA",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup Topples Bolivia Chief but life goes on as usual,” November 25, 1978",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Victory Margin in Bolivia Eludes all Eight Candidates,” July 3, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511241978",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1978-11-24-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Pereda Asbun",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1978-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 138,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Pereda_Asb%C3%BA"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Topples Bolivia Chief but life goes on as usual,” November 25, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Victory Margin in Bolivia Eludes all Eight Candidates,” July 3, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81101071979",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1979-01-07",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Cambodia on 1979-01-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng_Samrin",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Hanoi Reports Cambodian Capital Conquered by ‘Insurgent’ Forces...” January 8, 1979",
   "“Liberation Group Says it Has Formed Regime in Cambodia,” by Henry Kamm, January 9, 1979",
   "“Third World and West Join to Assail Vietnam in U.N. Defeat for Vietnamese Nothing Good Said",
   "About Regime Cuba Involved in Sharpest Debate,” by Malcolm W. Browne, January 14, 1979",
   "“Years of Torment, Steps Towards Peace,” October 24, 1991",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Regime Easily Wins Vote in Cambodia,” May 4, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81101071979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Pol Pot",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1976-03-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1023,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng_Samrin"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hanoi Reports Cambodian Capital Conquered by ‘Insurgent’ Forces...” January 8, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Liberation Group Says it Has Formed Regime in Cambodia,” by Henry Kamm, January 9, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Third World and West Join to Assail Vietnam in U.N. Defeat for Vietnamese Nothing Good Said About Regime Cuba Involved in Sharpest Debate,” by Malcolm W. Browne, January 14, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Years of Torment, Steps Towards Peace,” October 24, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Regime Easily Wins Vote in Cambodia,” May 4, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63001161979",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1979-01-16",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mohammad Reza",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Iran on 1979-01-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Fresh Street Violence Greets new Iranian regime,” by R.W.Apple, January 8, 1979",
   "“Prime Minister Says Ruler is Committed to Depart-Regency is Planned,” by Eric Pace, January 9,",
   "1979",
   "“Departure of Shah won’t Bring Peace, Opponent Predicts,” January 15, 1979",
   "“Ruler Goes to Egypt,” by Nicholas Gage, January 17, 1979",
   "“Iran Notes Anniversary Of Day the Shah Left,” January 17, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63001161979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mohammad Reza",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fresh Street Violence Greets new Iranian regime,” by R.W.Apple, January 8, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Prime Minister Says Ruler is Committed to Depart-Regency is Planned,” by Eric Pace, January 9, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Departure of Shah won’t Bring Peace, Opponent Predicts,” January 15, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ruler Goes to Egypt,” by Nicholas Gage, January 17, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Iran Notes Anniversary Of Day the Shah Left,” January 17, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48402051979",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1979-02-05",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Opango",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Congo on 1979-02-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Yhombi-Opango",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Congo President Steps Down,” February 7, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48402051979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Opango",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1973-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2052,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Yhombi-Opango"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo President Steps Down,” February 7, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48402081979",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1979-02-08",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Opango",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Congo on 1979-02-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Congo Names it New Leader,” February 9, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48402081979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Opango",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1973-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2055,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Names it New Leader,” February 9, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63002111979",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1979-02-11",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Iran on 1979-02-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution#Shah_leaves",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iran Notes Anniversary Of Day the Shah Left,” January 17, 1981",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Soviets See Iran Revolt as Victory Over Capitalism,” by Dan Fisher, February 13, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63002111979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution#Shah_leaves"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iran Notes Anniversary Of Day the Shah Left,” January 17, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soviets See Iran Revolt as Victory Over Capitalism,” by Dan Fisher, February 13, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48302121979",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1979-02-12",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Malloum",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Chad on 1979-02-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%27 Djamena_(1979)",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Chad shaken by coup attempt,” February 13, 1979",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Chad coup attempt foiled: N’Djamena,” February 14, 1979",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Chad Troops Resist Coup Bid,” February 13, 1979",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Is Apparently Thwarted in Chad,” February 13, 1979",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Troops Loyal to Premier, President Battle in Chad,” February 13, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48302121979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Malloum",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1969-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3529,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%27Djamena_(1979)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad shaken by coup attempt,” February 13, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad coup attempt foiled: N’Djamena,” February 14, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Troops Resist Coup Bid,” February 13, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Is Apparently Thwarted in Chad,” February 13, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Loyal to Premier, President Battle in Chad,” February 13, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05503131979",
  "country": "Grenada",
  "country_iso3": "GRD",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1979-03-13",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Eric Gairy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Grenada on 1979-03-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bishop",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Grenada Said to Stage Coup,” by Joseph Treaster, March 14, 1979",
   "“ISLAND GEM WITH A TROUBLED HISTORY,” October 26, 1983",
   "“Eric Gairy, 75, Former Premier of Grenada, Ousted in 1979,” August 25, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.1,
  "lng": -61.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05503131979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eric Gairy",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1976-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 826,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bishop"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Grenada Said to Stage Coup,” by Joseph Treaster, March 14, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“ISLAND GEM WITH A TROUBLED HISTORY,” October 26, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Eric Gairy, 75, Former Premier of Grenada, Ousted in 1979,” August 25, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70003271979",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1979-03-27",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Taraki",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Afghanistan on 1979-03-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin#Death",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs: New Prime Minister Named by the Afghanistan regime,” March 28, 1979 “Insur-",
   "gency Poses Growing Threat to Afghanistan’s Pro-Soviet Rulers,” by Robert Trumbull, June 24, 1979",
   "“Approval in Moscow,” December 28, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70003271979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Taraki",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki"
     },
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin#Death"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs: New Prime Minister Named by the Afghanistan regime,” March 28, 1979 “Insurgency Poses Growing Threat to Afghanistan’s Pro-Soviet Rulers,” by Robert Trumbull, June 24, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Approval in Moscow,” December 28, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43504061979",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1979-04-06",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ould Mohamed Salek",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Mauritania on 1979-04-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ould_Salek",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mauritanian President Resigns 11 Months After Coup,” June 4, 1979",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mauritania shuffle,” April 7, 1979",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“World Hot Spot – Mauritania,” April 7, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43504061979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Mohamed Salek",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 971,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ould_Salek"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritanian President Resigns 11 Months After Coup,” June 4, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania shuffle,” April 7, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Hot Spot – Mauritania,” April 7, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50004111979",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1979-04-11",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Uganda on 1979-04-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin#Persecution_of_ethnic_and_other_groups",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Capital of Uganda Taken by Invaders; New Regime Formed,” by John Darnton, April 12, 1979",
   "“TANZANIAN WITHDRAWAL LEAVES KAMPALA JUMPY,” July 10, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50004111979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin#Persecution_of_ethnic_and_other_groups"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Capital of Uganda Taken by Invaders; New Regime Formed,” by John Darnton, April 12, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“TANZANIAN WITHDRAWAL LEAVES KAMPALA JUMPY,” July 10, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45205151979",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1979-05-15",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Akuffo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1979-05-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Hard Times Follow Ghana Coup; Food in Short Supply Ghana After the Coup: Hard Times, but",
   "Revolt Wins Wide Favor Most Are Unperturbed Judgment Is Questioned Motives Of Others Questioned",
   "Trials Are Condemned No More Executions,” July 30, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45205151979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1979-05-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Akuffo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1978-03-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 411,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hard Times Follow Ghana Coup; Food in Short Supply Ghana After the Coup: Hard Times, but Revolt Wins Wide Favor Most Are Unperturbed Judgment Is Questioned Motives Of Others Questioned Trials Are Condemned No More Executions,” July 30, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45206041979",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1979-06-04",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Akuffo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1979-06-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebel Leaders in Ghana say they are in firm Control,” by Carey Winfrey, June 6, 1979",
   "“Despite Coup, Ghana Goes Ahead with Plans for Election,” by Carey Winfrey, June 15, 1979",
   "“Hard Times Follow Ghana Coup; Food in Short Supply Ghana After the Coup: Hard Times, but",
   "Revolt Wins Wide Favor Most Are Unperturbed Judgment Is Questioned Motives Of Others Questioned",
   "Trials Are Condemned No More Executions,” July 30, 1979",
   "“Military regime in Ghana Yields Power to Civilians,” by Pranay Gupte, September 25, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45206041979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1979-06-04-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Akuffo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1978-03-30",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 431,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 21,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Leaders in Ghana say they are in firm Control,” by Carey Winfrey, June 6, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Despite Coup, Ghana Goes Ahead with Plans for Election,” by Carey Winfrey, June 15, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Hard Times Follow Ghana Coup; Food in Short Supply Ghana After the Coup: Hard Times, but Revolt Wins Wide Favor Most Are Unperturbed Judgment Is Questioned Motives Of Others Questioned Trials Are Condemned No More Executions,” July 30, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military regime in Ghana Yields Power to Civilians,” by Pranay Gupte, September 25, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09307171979",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1979-07-17",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Anastasio Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Nicaragua on 1979-07-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguan_revolution#Formation_of_the_FSLN",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Somoza’s Successor in Flight to Guatemala,” July 19, 1979",
   "“Nicaragua After Somoza; After Somoza,” February 3, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09307171979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Anastasio Somoza Debayle",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1974-09-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1780,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaraguan_revolution#Formation_of_the_FSLN"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Somoza’s Successor in Flight to Guatemala,” July 19, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua After Somoza; After Somoza,” February 3, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64507281979",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1979-07-28",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1979-07-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Iraq charges coup coup effort; 34 executed,” July 30, 1978",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Iraq executes 42 officials in coup purge,” July 31, 1978"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64507281979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.05,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq charges coup coup effort; 34 executed,” July 30, 1978"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq executes 42 officials in coup purge,” July 31, 1978"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "41108031979",
  "country": "Equatorial Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GNQ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1979-08-03",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Macias Nguema",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Equatorial Guinea on 1979-08-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Mac%C 3%ADas_Nguema",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Equatorial Guinea Reports Coup Foreigners Were Kept Out Equatorial Guinea Reports Coup Spain",
   "Meeting New Leaders,” August 6, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.7,
  "lng": 10.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "41108031979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-411-1979-08-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Macias Nguema",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1973-07-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2202,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": 250,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Mac%C3%ADas_Nguema"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Equatorial Guinea Reports Coup Foreigners Were Kept Out Equatorial Guinea Reports Coup Spain Meeting New Leaders,” August 6, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70009161979",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1979-09-16",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1979-09-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“President’s Health Cited Premier Takes Over Afghan Leadership,” September 17, 1979",
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Details of Afghanistan Coup Finally Begin to Emerge,” September 20, 1979",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Foes ‘Eliminated,’ Afghan Leader Says,” by Stuart Auerbach, September 18, 1979",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70009161979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President’s Health Cited Premier Takes Over Afghan Leadership,” September 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Details of Afghanistan Coup Finally Begin to Emerge,” September 20, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foes ‘Eliminated,’ Afghan Leader Says,” by Stuart Auerbach, September 18, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki"
     },
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48209211979",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1979-09-21",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Bokassa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Central African Republic on 1979-09-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-B%C 3%A 9 del_Bokassa#Overthrow",
   "• New York Times",
   "“France Sends Troops After Bokassa Ouster,” by Flora Lewis, September 22, 1979",
   "“Central African Capital Reported to Be Quiet as Troops Deter Looting: ‘Our Good French Friends’",
   "New Bangui Leader Says France Helped Plan Coup Soldiers Guarding Palace,” September 23, 1979",
   "“Army Topples Leader of Central African Republic,” by Frank J. Prial, September 2, 1981",
   "“Around the World: Central African Republic Holds Presidential Election,” March 16, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48209211979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-1979-09-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Bokassa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa#Overthrow"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“France Sends Troops After Bokassa Ouster,” by Flora Lewis, September 22, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Central African Capital Reported to Be Quiet as Troops Deter Looting: ‘Our Good French Friends’ New Bangui Leader Says France Helped Plan Coup Soldiers Guarding Palace,” September 23, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Topples Leader of Central African Republic,” by Frank J. Prial, September 2, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Around the World: Central African Republic Holds Presidential Election,” March 16, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14510111979",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1979-10-11",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guevara Arze",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1979-10-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Bolivia Troops Persuaded to Call Off Revolt,” October 11, 1979",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Troops attempt coup in Bolivia,” October 12, 1979",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Bolivia leader averts coup attempt by rebel troops,” October 12, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14510111979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1979-10-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Guevara Arze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1979-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 102,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Troops Persuaded to Call Off Revolt,” October 11, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops attempt coup in Bolivia,” October 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia leader averts coup attempt by rebel troops,” October 12, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09210151979",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1979-10-15",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Romero Mena",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1979-10-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War#Coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat.2C_repression_and_",
   "insurrection:_1979-1981",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Salvador Military Deposed President to Restore Order,” October 16, 1979",
   "“Family of Salvadoran Pays for Ad at Bidding Of His Leftist Captors,” March 12, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09210151979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-92-1979-10-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Romero Mena",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1977-02-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 967,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 28,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Military Deposed President to Restore Order,” October 16, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Family of Salvadoran Pays for Ad at Bidding Of His Leftist Captors,” March 12, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70010151979",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1979-10-15",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Afghanistan on 1979-10-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Afghanistan Foils Coup Attempt,” October 16,1979",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs: Afghanistan Said to Quell Attempted Rightist Coup,” October 16, 1979",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Kabul Foils Coup Attempt,” October 17, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70010151979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Afghanistan Foils Coup Attempt,” October 16,1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs: Afghanistan Said to Quell Attempted Rightist Coup,” October 16, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kabul Foils Coup Attempt,” October 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511011979",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1979-11-01",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guevara Arze",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1979-11-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C 3%A 1 lter_Guevara",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Bolivian Colonel Stages a Rebellion,” November 2, 1979",
   "“Strike Paralyzes Cities in Bolivia; Rights Restricted,” November 3, 1979",
   "“Bolivian Coup leader to Step Down Today, defense Chief Reports,” November 16, 1979",
   "“U.S. Notes ‘Favorable’ Events,” November 17, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511011979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1979-11-01-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Guevara Arze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1979-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 123,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A1lter_Guevara"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Bolivian Colonel Stages a Rebellion,” November 2, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Strike Paralyzes Cities in Bolivia; Rights Restricted,” November 3, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Coup leader to Step Down Today, defense Chief Reports,” November 16, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Notes ‘Favorable’ Events,” November 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511161979",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1979-11-16",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Natusch Busch",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1979-11-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian Coup leader to Step Down Today, defense Chief Reports,” November 16, 1979",
   "“Bolivian Congress Picks President,” November 17, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14511161979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Natusch Busch",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1979-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 138,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Coup leader to Step Down Today, defense Chief Reports,” November 16, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Congress Picks President,” November 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "59111161979",
  "country": "Seychelles",
  "country_iso3": "SYC",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1979-11-16",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Rene",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Seychelles on 1979-11-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C 3%A 9",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup in Seychelles foiled, says report,” November 17, 1979",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“President foils coup attempt,” November 17, 1979"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4.7,
  "lng": 55.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "59111161979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rene",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-06-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 146,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Seychelles foiled, says report,” November 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President foils coup attempt,” November 17, 1979"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73212121979",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1979-12-12",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; injured; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 1979-12-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; injured; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_of_December_Twelfth",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Korean Army Ruler Seized in Park CaseAfter a Gun Battle,” December 13, 1979",
   "“7 Top generals are Held in Seoul; Military power Struggle is Seen,” by Henry Scott Stokes, December",
   "14, 1979",
   "“Korean General Filling Key Posts With His Men To Bolster Power,”by henry scott stokes, December",
   "15, 1979",
   "“Korea Sentences 7 to Die for Murder of President Park,” by Henry Scott Stokes, December 20, 1979",
   "“Seoul Politics: Military’s Role,” by Henry Scott Stokes, March 17, 1980",
   "“New Intelligence Chief is Now South Korea’s Strong Men,” by Henry Scott Stokes, April 16, 1980",
   "“Chun Formally Picked as President in One-Candidate Election in Seoul,” by Henry Scott Stokes,",
   "August 27, 1980",
   "“5 Believed Dead in Clashes in Southern Korean City,” May 20, 1980",
   "“Protestors Control South Korean City; At Least 32 Killed,” by Shim Jae Hoon, May 22, 1980",
   "“South Korean Troops Recapture Kuwangju in Predawn Strike,” by Henry Kamm, May 27, 1980",
   "“South Korean General Forms a Parallel Government,” by Henry Scott Stokes, June 5, 1980",
   "“President Resigns In South Korea To Make Way For Army Strongman,”by henry scott stokes, August",
   "16, 1980",
   "“Chun Supporters Sweep Seoul assembly Election,” March 26, 1981",
   "“South Korean President Says he will serve only one term,” August 24, 1983",
   "“South Korea Chief Says he Never sought Power,” by Clyde Haberman, January 30, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "73212121979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1979-12-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 6,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_December_Twelfth"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Korean Army Ruler Seized in Park CaseAfter a Gun Battle,” December 13, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“7 Top generals are Held in Seoul; Military power Struggle is Seen,” by Henry Scott Stokes, December 14, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Korean General Filling Key Posts With His Men To Bolster Power,”by henry scott stokes, December 15, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Korea Sentences 7 to Die for Murder of President Park,” by Henry Scott Stokes, December 20, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Seoul Politics: Military’s Role,” by Henry Scott Stokes, March 17, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Intelligence Chief is Now South Korea’s Strong Men,” by Henry Scott Stokes, April 16, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chun Formally Picked as President in One-Candidate Election in Seoul,” by Henry Scott Stokes, August 27, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“5 Believed Dead in Clashes in Southern Korean City,” May 20, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Protestors Control South Korean City; At Least 32 Killed,” by Shim Jae Hoon, May 22, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean Troops Recapture Kuwangju in Predawn Strike,” by Henry Kamm, May 27, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean General Forms a Parallel Government,” by Henry Scott Stokes, June 5, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President Resigns In South Korea To Make Way For Army Strongman,”by henry scott stokes, August 16, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chun Supporters Sweep Seoul assembly Election,” March 26, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean President Says he will serve only one term,” August 24, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korea Chief Says he Never sought Power,” by Clyde Haberman, January 30, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70012271979",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1979-12-27",
  "year": 1979,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Amin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Afghanistan on 1979-12-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin#Death",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Approval in Moscow,” December 28, 1979",
   "“More Afghan Refugees Reported In Pakistan After a Rebel Defeat: U.S. Notes Poison-Gas Reports",
   "Canadian Reports Poison-Gas Use,” March 6, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70012271979",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Amin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 3000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz Ullah_Amin#Death"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Approval in Moscow,” December 28, 1979"
     },
     {
      "text": "“More Afghan Refugees Reported In Pakistan After a Rebel Defeat: U.S. Notes Poison-Gas Reports Canadian Reports Poison-Gas Use,” March 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43501041980",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1980-01-04",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ould Ahmed Louly",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Mauritania on 1980-01-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Khouna_Ould_Haidalla",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Mauritania Is Reported Overthrown,” January 6, 1980",
   "• Milan No citation"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43501041980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-1980-01-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Ahmed Louly",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1244,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Khouna_Ould_Haidalla"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Mauritania Is Reported Overthrown,” January 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan No citation",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63001161980",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1980-01-16",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Iran on 1980-01-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup plot against Khomeini alleged,” January 17, 1980",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Army officers reported executed coup bid foiled,” January 17, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63001161980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 45,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot against Khomeini alleged,” January 17, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army officers reported executed coup bid foiled,” January 17, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23001251980",
  "country": "Spain",
  "country_iso3": "ESP",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1980-01-25",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Spain on 1980-01-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup planned by Spanish officers averted - report,” January 26, 1980",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Spanish General Sacked,” January 26, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.5,
  "lng": -3.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23001251980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1979-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 330,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.86,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup planned by Spanish officers averted - report,” January 26, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Spanish General Sacked,” January 26, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11502251980",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1980-02-25",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Surinam on 1980-02-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C 3%A 9 si_Bouterse",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Cuba’s New Caper?” January 26, 1983",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Suriname President Ousted in Army-Backed Coup,” August 15, 1980",
   "“Suriname Leader Wary of Election,” by Joseph Treaster, October 6, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11502251980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-115-1980-02-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 847,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9si_Bouterse"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cuba’s New Caper?” January 26, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname President Ousted in Army-Backed Coup,” August 15, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Leader Wary of Election,” by Joseph Treaster, October 6, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45003071980",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1980-03-07",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Tolbert",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1980-03-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr.#Rice_Riots",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Brief: Liberia’s Leader Describes An Attempted Coup,” March 11, 1980",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Plot Smashed in Liberia,” March 12, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45003071980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tolbert",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1975-10-07",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1613,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr.#Rice_Riots"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Brief: Liberia’s Leader Describes An Attempted Coup,” March 11, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot Smashed in Liberia,” March 12, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48303221980",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1980-03-22",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Oueddei",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 1980-03-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Death Toll in Chad Is Put at 500 After Three Days of Factional Fighting” March 24, 1980",
   "• Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 37, No. 3 pp. 20-36",
   "“WAR-TORNCHAD—COCKPIT OF INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY”https://www.jstor.org/stable/",
   "41393698",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian%E 2%80%93 Libyan_War#Libyan_intervention"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48303221980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Oueddei",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Death Toll in Chad Is Put at 500 After Three Days of Factional Fighting” March 24, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 37, No. 3 pp. 20-36",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WAR-TORNCHAD—COCKPIT OF INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY”",
      "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41393698"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War#Libyan_intervention"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68004021980",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1980-04-02",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ismail",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Palace coup in Yemen PDR on 1980-04-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_Ismail",
   "• New York Times",
   "“South Yemen Replaces President,” April 22, 1980",
   "“Factions Battle for Capital City of South Yemen,” by John Kifner, January 15, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68004021980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ismail",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1978-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 473,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_Ismail"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Yemen Replaces President,” April 22, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Factions Battle for Capital City of South Yemen,” by John Kifner, January 15, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45004121980",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1980-04-12",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Tolbert",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Liberia on 1980-04-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“When Liberians Looked to America in Vain,” July 13, 2003",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Liberia’s President Gunned down in army coup,” April 13, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": [
   "palace_takeover",
   "assassination",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "45004121980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-450-1980-04-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Tolbert",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1975-10-07",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1649,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“When Liberians Looked to America in Vain,” July 13, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia’s President Gunned down in army coup,” April 13, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78104261980",
  "country": "Maldives",
  "country_iso3": "MDV",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1980-04-26",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gayoom",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Maldives on 1980-04-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“MPs hear ’plot’ tapes,” May 8, 1980",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Bid on Life of Maldivian head,” April 28, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.2,
  "lng": 73.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78104261980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gayoom",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1978-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“MPs hear ’plot’ tapes,” May 8, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bid on Life of Maldivian head,” April 28, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09205021980",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1980-05-02",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Majano Ramos",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1980-05-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_D%27 Aubuisson",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Troops call for release of major: San Salvador, May 9,” May 10, 1980 “Senators ’backed coup bid’:",
   "San Salvador, May 10,” May 11, 1980",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Former Salvador Leader and Aides Failed in a Coup Effort, Junta Says,” May 3, 1980",
   "“Rightist Leader Is Arrested By Junta in El Salvador,” May 9, 1980",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“El Salvador Plot Suspect is Freed,” May 15, 1980",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Salvador Holds Rightist Colonel, Raising Prospect Of Coup Attempt,”May 9,1980“Salvadoran Junta",
   "Reportedly Puts Down Attempted Coup,” May 3, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09205021980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Majano Ramos",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1977-02-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1167,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_D%27Aubuisson"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops call for release of major: San Salvador, May 9,” May 10, 1980 “Senators ’backed coup bid’: San Salvador, May 10,” May 11, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former Salvador Leader and Aides Failed in a Coup Effort, Junta Says,” May 3, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rightist Leader Is Arrested By Junta in El Salvador,” May 9, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“El Salvador Plot Suspect is Freed,” May 15, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador Holds Rightist Colonel, Raising Prospect Of Coup Attempt,”May 9,1980“Salvadoran Junta Reportedly Puts Down Attempted Coup,” May 3, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51705051980",
  "country": "Rwanda",
  "country_iso3": "RWA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1980-05-05",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Habyarimana",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Rwanda on 1980-05-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Rwanda Coup Averted,” May 5, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.9,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51705051980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Habyarimana",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1978-12-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 498,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rwanda Coup Averted,” May 5, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11505061980",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1980-05-06",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Surinam on 1980-05-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Surinam ’invasion foiled’,” May 6, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11505061980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 918,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Surinam ’invasion foiled’,” May 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50005121980",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1980-05-12",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Binaisa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1980-05-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Binaisa",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Picking up the Pieces in Uganda is Not easy,” by Pranay B. Gupte, June 1, 1980",
   "“President’s Ouster Reported in Uganda,” by Pranay B.Gupte, May 13, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50005121980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-500-1980-05-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Binaisa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Binaisa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Picking up the Pieces in Uganda is Not easy,” by Pranay B. Gupte, June 1, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President’s Ouster Reported in Uganda,” by Pranay B.Gupte, May 13, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73205171980",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1980-05-17",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 1980-05-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_of_May_Seventeenth",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Gen. Chun Seoul’s new ‘strongman’,” by Donald Kirk, May 19, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73205171980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1979-12-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 163,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_May_Seventeenth"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gen. Chun Seoul’s new ‘strongman’,” by Donald Kirk, May 19, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73205181980",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1980-05-18",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Republic of Korea on 1980-05-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_Democratization_Movement",
   "• New York Times",
   "“5 Believed Dead in Clashes in Southern Korean City,” May 20, 1980",
   "“Protestors Control South Korean City; At Least 32 Killed,” by Shim Jae Hoon, May 22, 1980",
   "“South Korean Troops Recapture Kuwangju in Predawn Strike,” by Henry Kamm, May 27, 1980",
   "“South Korean General Forms a Parallel Government,” by Henry Scott Stokes, June 5, 1980",
   "“President Resigns In South Korea To Make Way For Army Strongman,”by henry scott stokes, August",
   "16, 1980",
   "“175 ARE INDICTED IN SOUTH KOREA ON CHARGES IN KWANGJU UPRISING,” September",
   "6, 1980",
   "“Chun Supporters Sweep Seoul assembly Election,” March 26, 1981",
   "“South Korean President Says he will serve only one term,” August 24, 1983",
   "“South Korea Chief Says he Never sought Power,” by Clyde Haberman, January 30, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73205181980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Choi Kuy Hay",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1979-12-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 164,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_Democratization_Movement"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“5 Believed Dead in Clashes in Southern Korean City,” May 20, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Protestors Control South Korean City; At Least 32 Killed,” by Shim Jae Hoon, May 22, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean Troops Recapture Kuwangju in Predawn Strike,” by Henry Kamm, May 27, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean General Forms a Parallel Government,” by Henry Scott Stokes, June 5, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President Resigns In South Korea To Make Way For Army Strongman,”by henry scott stokes, August 16, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“175 ARE INDICTED IN SOUTH KOREA ON CHARGES IN KWANGJU UPRISING,” September 6, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chun Supporters Sweep Seoul assembly Election,” March 26, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korean President Says he will serve only one term,” August 24, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“South Korea Chief Says he Never sought Power,” by Clyde Haberman, January 30, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05106191980",
  "country": "Jamaica",
  "country_iso3": "JAM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1980-06-19",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Manley",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Jamaica on 1980-06-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Jamaica coup attempt may work in Premier’s favor,” by James Nelson Goodsell, June 26, 1980",
   "• New York Times",
   "“QUOTATION OF THE DAY [1],” June 28, 1980",
   "• New York Amsterdam News",
   "“Jamaica coup foiled,” by Simon Anekwe, June 28, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 18.1,
  "lng": -77.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05106191980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Manley",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1976-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1282,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.47,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jamaica coup attempt may work in Premier’s favor,” by James Nelson Goodsell, June 26, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“QUOTATION OF THE DAY [1],” June 28, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Amsterdam News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jamaica coup foiled,” by Simon Anekwe, June 28, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63006191980",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1980-06-19",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Iran on 1980-06-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Plot to depose Iran’s President,” June 19, 1980",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Paper reports plot by clergy to undercut Iran’s Bani-Sadr,” June 19, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63006191980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 200,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to depose Iran’s President,” June 19, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Paper reports plot by clergy to undercut Iran’s Bani-Sadr,” June 19, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51006261980",
  "country": "Tanzania",
  "country_iso3": "TZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1980-06-26",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nyerere",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Tanzania on 1980-06-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup ‘Foiled at 11 th Hour’ in Zanzibar,” July 6, 1980",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“‘16 For Trial’ in Zanzibar After Failed Bid to Topple Leader,” July 14, 1980",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Arrests of Alleged Plotters Stirs Fears of Crackdown in Zanzibar,” by Martha Honey, July 19,1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.4,
  "lng": 34.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51006261980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nyerere",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1975-10-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1705,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup ‘Foiled at 11 th Hour’ in Zanzibar,” July 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“‘16 For Trial’ in Zanzibar After Failed Bid to Topple Leader,” July 14, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrests of Alleged Plotters Stirs Fears of Crackdown in Zanzibar,” by Martha Honey, July 19,1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63007101980",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1980-07-10",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iran on 1980-07-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“NEWS SUMMARY; SUNDAY, JULY 13, 1980,” July 13, 1980",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Iran says 200 arrested for attempting coup,” July 13, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63007101980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 221,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEWS SUMMARY; SUNDAY, JULY 13, 1980,” July 13, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iran says 200 arrested for attempting coup,” July 13, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14507171980",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1980-07-17",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Gueiler Tejada",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1980-07-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Bolivia Resigns in the Face of Revolt,” August 5, 1981",
   "“Armed Forces Seize Control of Bolivia,” July 8, 1980",
   "“Junta Takes Control in Bolivia,” August 6, 1981",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; Bolivia Reopens Colleges Closed Since 1980 Coup,” June 16, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14507171980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1980-07-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Gueiler Tejada",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 18,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 30,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidia_Gueiler"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Bolivia Resigns in the Face of Revolt,” August 5, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Armed Forces Seize Control of Bolivia,” July 8, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta Takes Control in Bolivia,” August 6, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; Bolivia Reopens Colleges Closed Since 1980 Coup,” June 16, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11508151980",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1980-08-15",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Palace coup in Surinam on 1980-08-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C 3%A 9 si_Bouterse",
   "• New York Times",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; Sadat Asks Begin to Resume Negotiations on Palestinians,” August 19,",
   "1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11508151980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-115-1980-08-15-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1019,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9si_Bouterse"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; Sadat Asks Begin to Resume Negotiations on Palestinians,” August 19, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "29009061980",
  "country": "Poland",
  "country_iso3": "POL",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1980-09-06",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Gierek",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Poland on 1980-09-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gierek",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Polish Party Boss Ousted,” September 6, 1980",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Poland replaces ailing leader,” September 9, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 51.9,
  "lng": 19.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "29009061980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gierek",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1980-03-23",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 167,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gierek"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Polish Party Boss Ousted,” September 6, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Poland replaces ailing leader,” September 9, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64009101980",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1980-09-10",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Demirel",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1980-09-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military in Turkey Ousts Government of Premier Demirel,” by Bernard Gwertzman, September 12,",
   "1980",
   "“Turks Electing First Parliament Since Coup,” by Marvine Howe, November 6, 1983",
   "“Turkish Military Loses in election,” by Marvine Howe, November 8, 1983",
   "“Turkey Holds 5,850 ’Anarchists’,” December 2, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "arrests",
   "media_seizure",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "64009101980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-1980-09-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Demirel",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1977-06-05",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1193,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.56,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military in Turkey Ousts Government of Premier Demirel,” by Bernard Gwertzman, September 12, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Turks Electing First Parliament Since Coup,” by Marvine Howe, November 6, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Turkish Military Loses in election,” by Marvine Howe, November 8, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Turkey Holds 5,850 ’Anarchists’,” December 2, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71009101980",
  "country": "China",
  "country_iso3": "CHN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1980-09-10",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Hua Guofeng",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in China on 1980-09-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Guofeng#Ousting",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Huo Quits as Premier of China, One of his Two posts,” September 4, 1980",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Zhao–How He Bounced Back: New Chinese Leader Broke All the Rules,” September 8, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 104.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71009101980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hua Guofeng",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Guofeng#Ousting"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Huo Quits as Premier of China, One of his Two posts,” September 4, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zhao–How He Bounced Back: New Chinese Leader Broke All the Rules,” September 8, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55110161980",
  "country": "Zambia",
  "country_iso3": "ZMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1980-10-16",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Kaunda",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zambia on 1980-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Atlanta Constitution",
   "“Alleged Coup Attempt Sparks Arrests In Zambia,” October 27, 1980",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Kaunda alleges S. African link in coup bid,” October 27, 1980",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Zambia cites coup plot in arrest of 40 in Zaire,” October 28, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.1,
  "lng": 27.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55110161980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-551-1980-10-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Kaunda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1978-12-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 674,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Atlanta Constitution",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Alleged Coup Attempt Sparks Arrests In Zambia,” October 27, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kaunda alleges S. African link in coup bid,” October 27, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zambia cites coup plot in arrest of 40 in Zaire,” October 28, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411141980",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1980-11-14",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Cabral",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 1980-11-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C 3%ADs_Cabral",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guinea Bissau is Reportedly Celebrating Take-Over...” November 17, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40411141980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-1980-11-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Cabral",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1977-03-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1342,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Cabral"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea Bissau is Reportedly Celebrating Take-Over...” November 17, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09311171980",
  "country": "Nicaragua",
  "country_iso3": "NIC",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1980-11-17",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Daniel Ortega",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Nicaragua on 1980-11-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Salazar",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Nicaragua shaken by violent death of businessman,” November 23, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": -85.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09311171980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Daniel Ortega",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1974-09-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2269,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Salazar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nicaragua shaken by violent death of businessman,” November 23, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43911251980",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1980-11-25",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lamizana",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1980-11-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangoul%C 3%A 9_Lamizana",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Upper Volta’s President is Ousted in Coup by a Military Commander,” November 26, 1980",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; Soldiers Topple Regime In Upper Volta,” November 8, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43911251980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-1980-11-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Lamizana",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1978-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 912,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangoul%C3%A9_Lamizana"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Upper Volta’s President is Ousted in Coup by a Military Commander,” November 26, 1980"
     },
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; Soldiers Topple Regime In Upper Volta,” November 8, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09212071980",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1980-12-07",
  "year": 1980,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Majano Ramos",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 1980-12-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_Junta_of_El_Salvador",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Salvador’s Military Ousts Chief Liberal from Ruling Junta,” December 8, 1980",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Junta Unable to Fulfill Promises: Salvador Violence Spawns New Fears of Rightist Coup,” by Juan",
   "Vasquez, December 8, 1980",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Military Coup Feared in El Salvador,” by Steve Frazier, December 9, 1980"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09212071980",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Majano Ramos",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1977-02-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1386,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_Junta_of_El_Salvador"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Salvador’s Military Ousts Chief Liberal from Ruling Junta,” December 8, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Junta Unable to Fulfill Promises: Salvador Violence Spawns New Fears of Rightist Coup,” by Juan Vasquez, December 8, 1980"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup Feared in El Salvador,” by Steve Frazier, December 9, 1980"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23002231981",
  "country": "Spain",
  "country_iso3": "ESP",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1981-02-23",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Spain on 1981-02-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23-F",
   "• New York Times",
   "“COMMENT BY HAIG DRAWS FIRE IN SPAIN,” March 12, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.5,
  "lng": -3.7,
  "tactics": [
   "parliament_attack",
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "23002231981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-230-1981-02-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Suarez Gonzalez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1979-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 725,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.87,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23-F"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COMMENT BY HAIG DRAWS FIRE IN SPAIN,” March 12, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11503151981",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-03-15",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Surinam on 1981-03-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Hawker",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Overthrow Effort in Suriname Overcome,” March 16, 1982",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Around The World: Suriname Says It Has Foiled An Anti-Government Coup,” March 17, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11503151981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1231,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Hawker"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Overthrow Effort in Suriname Overcome,” March 16, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Around The World: Suriname Says It Has Foiled An Anti-Government Coup,” March 17, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43503161981",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1981-03-16",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mauritania on 1981-03-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mauritania reports it has foiled an attempted coup by 2 Exiles,” March 17, 1981",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Libya to help defend Mauritania,” March 21, 1981",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Morocco blamed by Mauritania as 7 die in bloody coup attempt,” March 17, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43503161981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1681,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 28,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania reports it has foiled an attempted coup by 2 Exiles,” March 17, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya to help defend Mauritania,” March 21, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Morocco blamed by Mauritania as 7 die in bloody coup attempt,” March 17, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62503191981",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1981-03-19",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1981-03-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD 11 held in Sudan for army coup plot,” March 20, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62503191981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1977-04-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1446,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD 11 held in Sudan for army coup plot,” March 20, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80004011981",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1981-04-01",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Prem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1981-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem_T Insula Nonda#Overcoming_coup_attempts",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THAILAND’S MILITARY SUFFERS SOME SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS,” September 15, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80004011981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1981-04-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Prem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1979-04-22",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 710,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem_T Insula Nonda#Overcoming_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THAILAND’S MILITARY SUFFERS SOME SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS,” September 15, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505151981",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-05-15",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1981-05-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivia claims coup attempt is foiled, rebel chief gives up,” May 26, 1981",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Coup attempt in Bolivia,” May 26, 1981",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Bolivia quells second coup: La Paz, May 26,” May 27, 1981",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Three Failed Coups, Inflation, Corruption Shake Bolivia’s Latest Military Regime,” May 27, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505151981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1981-05-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 320,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia claims coup attempt is foiled, rebel chief gives up,” May 26, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Bolivia,” May 26, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia quells second coup: La Paz, May 26,” May 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Three Failed Coups, Inflation, Corruption Shake Bolivia’s Latest Military Regime,” May 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14505251981",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-05-25",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1981-05-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivia claims coup attempt is foiled, rebel chief gives up,” May 26, 1981",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Coup attempt in Bolivia,” May 26, 1981",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Bolivia quells second coup: La Paz, May 26,” May 27, 1981",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Three Failed Coups, Inflation, Corruption Shake Bolivia’s Latest Military Regime,” May 27, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14505251981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1981-05-25-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 330,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia claims coup attempt is foiled, rebel chief gives up,” May 26, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Bolivia,” May 26, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia quells second coup: La Paz, May 26,” May 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Three Failed Coups, Inflation, Corruption Shake Bolivia’s Latest Military Regime,” May 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77105301981",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1981-05-30",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1981-05-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh reports Death of Presdient Rahman Ziaur Rahman,” by Les Ledbetter, May 30, 1981",
   "“Bangladesh Leader is Shot and Killed in a Coup Attempt,” by Kasturi Rangan, May 31, 1981",
   "“Acting President of Bangladesh Well Versed in Law and Politics,” May 31, 1981",
   "“Bangladesh Ruler is Toppled in Coup,” March 24, 1982",
   "• The Evening Independent (via Google News)",
   "“Bangladesh Elects President,” November 16, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77105301981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1981-05-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Ziaur Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1978-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 100,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh reports Death of Presdient Rahman Ziaur Rahman,” by Les Ledbetter, May 30, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Leader is Shot and Killed in a Coup Attempt,” by Kasturi Rangan, May 31, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Acting President of Bangladesh Well Versed in Law and Politics,” May 31, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Ruler is Toppled in Coup,” March 24, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Evening Independent (via Google News)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Elects President,” November 16, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65106071981",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1981-06-07",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Sadat",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Egypt on 1981-06-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Egypt Charges Anti-Sadat Plot,” October 9, 1981",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“”Plot” against Sadat by Libya, Syria,” October 8, 1981",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat#Background"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65106071981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sadat",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1978-05-21",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1113,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt Charges Anti-Sadat Plot,” October 9, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“”Plot” against Sadat by Libya, Syria,” October 8, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat#Background"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55106141981",
  "country": "Zambia",
  "country_iso3": "ZMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1981-06-14",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kaunda",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Zambia on 1981-06-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Plot to depose Kaunda exposed,” June 24, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.1,
  "lng": 27.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55106141981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kaunda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1978-12-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 915,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to depose Kaunda exposed,” June 24, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63006221981",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1981-06-22",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Iran on 1981-06-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul Hassan_Banisadr",
   "• New York Times",
   "“KHOMEINI ORDERS MILITARY PURGE AND INCREASED PRESSURE ON LEFT,” July 10,",
   "1981",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Arrest of Bani-Sadr ordered ’on sight’ by Iran’s prosecutor,” June 22, 1981",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“US aide fears communist coup,” June 24, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63006221981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 568,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul Hassan_Banisadr"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“KHOMEINI ORDERS MILITARY PURGE AND INCREASED PRESSURE ON LEFT,” July 10, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrest of Bani-Sadr ordered ’on sight’ by Iran’s prosecutor,” June 22, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“US aide fears communist coup,” June 24, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506271981",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-06-27",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1981-06-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“NEWS SUMMARY; SUNDAY,” June 28, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506271981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1981-06-27-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 363,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEWS SUMMARY; SUNDAY,” June 28, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42007291981",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1981-07-29",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Jawara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Gambia on 1981-07-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“After revolt, security will be a priority in Demcratic Gambia,” August 10, 1981",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Gambia leader ousted by left in coup,” July 31, 1981",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Gambia radio says president, in Britain, is ousted: Gambian denies he was ousted,” July 31, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42007291981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-420-1981-07-29",
  "leader_in_power": "Jawara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1977-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1577,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.46,
  "deaths": 650,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After revolt, security will be a priority in Demcratic Gambia,” August 10, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia leader ousted by left in coup,” July 31, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia radio says president, in Britain, is ousted: Gambian denies he was ousted,” July 31, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14508041981",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-08-04",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Palace coup in Bolivia on 1981-08-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Torreli",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Bolivia Resigns in the Face of Revolt,” August 5, 1981",
   "“Junta Takes Control in Bolivia,” August 6, 1981",
   "“Around the World; Bolivian President Offers Resignation to Military,” July 17, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14508041981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1981-08-03-4",
  "leader_in_power": "Garcia Meza Tejada",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 401,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso_Torreli"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Bolivia Resigns in the Face of Revolt,” August 5, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Junta Takes Control in Bolivia,” August 6, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Around the World; Bolivian President Offers Resignation to Military,” July 17, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45008091981",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1981-08-09",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1981-08-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Assassination, Coup Attempt Foiled, Liberian Leader Says,” August 11, 1981",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Liberia Tries Coup Leaders,” August 11, 1981",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Bid To Oust Doe Foiled,” August 11, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45008091981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1975-10-07",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2133,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Assassination, Coup Attempt Foiled, Liberian Leader Says,” August 11, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia Tries Coup Leaders,” August 11, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bid To Oust Doe Foiled,” August 11, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48209011981",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1981-09-01",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Dacko",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 1981-09-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dacko#Overthrown_by_Kolingba",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Topples Leader of Central African Republic,” by Frank J. Prial, September 2, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48209011981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-1981-09-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Dacko",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1981-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 170,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dacko#Overthrown_by_Kolingba"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Topples Leader of Central African Republic,” by Frank J. Prial, September 2, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "29010121981",
  "country": "Poland",
  "country_iso3": "POL",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1981-10-12",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kania",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Poland on 1981-10-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C 5%82 aw_Kania",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Jaruzelski’s Enigmatic Reign Is Ticking Down,” October 18, 1990",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“General Gets all power in Poland,” October 19, 1981",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Solidarity Triumph; Mazowiecki will be first non communist Chief since the 1940’s...” by John",
   "Tagliabue, August 20, 1989",
   "“Polish Leader to run for President Against Walesa, a Former Mentor,” October 5, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 51.9,
  "lng": 19.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "29010121981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kania",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1980-03-23",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 568,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Kania"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jaruzelski’s Enigmatic Reign Is Ticking Down,” October 18, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General Gets all power in Poland,” October 19, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Solidarity Triumph; Mazowiecki will be first non communist Chief since the 1940’s...” by John Tagliabue, August 20, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Polish Leader to run for President Against Walesa, a Former Mentor,” October 5, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "59111251981",
  "country": "Seychelles",
  "country_iso3": "SYC",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1981-11-25",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Rene",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Seychelles on 1981-11-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C 3%A 9",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“45 mercenaries flee; Seychelles coup plot fails: Mercenaries captured Seychelles troops crush coup,”",
   "November 27, 1981",
   "• LA Times",
   "“S. Africa Grills 44 on Seychelles Coup Attempt: SEYCHELLES: 44 Grilled on Assault, Hijacking",
   "SEYCHELLES: 44 Questioned,” November 28, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4.7,
  "lng": 55.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "59111251981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rene",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-06-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 886,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France-Albert_Ren%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“45 mercenaries flee; Seychelles coup plot fails: Mercenaries captured Seychelles troops crush coup,” November 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“S. Africa Grills 44 on Seychelles Coup Attempt: SEYCHELLES: 44 Grilled on Assault, Hijacking SEYCHELLES: 44 Questioned,” November 28, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16012111981",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1981-12-11",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Liendo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Argentina on 1981-12-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Eduardo_Viola",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Argentina’s President is Removed: Junta Member will Replace Him,” December 12, 1981",
   "“Man of Hour in Argentina: Leopoldo Galtieri,” by Edward Schumacher, April 6, 1982",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Argentine Junta Replaces Viola: Army Commander is New President,” December 12, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16012111981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Liendo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1973-09-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3001,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Eduardo_Viola"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentina’s President is Removed: Junta Member will Replace Him,” December 12, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Man of Hour in Argentina: Leopoldo Galtieri,” by Edward Schumacher, April 6, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Junta Replaces Viola: Army Commander is New President,” December 12, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05412191981",
  "country": "Dominica",
  "country_iso3": "DMA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1981-12-19",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Eugenia Charles",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Dominica on 1981-12-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Attempt Fails in Dominica,” December 20, 1981",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Fails in Dominica; 3 Killed, 9 Wounded in Attacks,” December 20, 1981",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup fails in Dominica,” December 21, 1981"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.4,
  "lng": -61.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05412191981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-54-1981-12-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Eugenia Charles",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1980-07-21",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 516,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Fails in Dominica,” December 20, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Fails in Dominica; 3 Killed, 9 Wounded in Attacks,” December 20, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup fails in Dominica,” December 21, 1981"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45212311981",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1981-12-31",
  "year": 1981,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Limann",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 1981-12-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ex-Officer Ousts Ghana’s Government Again,” by Pranay Gupte, January 1, 1982",
   "“Second Mistrial Is Declared In Weapons-Conspiracy Case,” September 21, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45212311981",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1981-12-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Limann",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1979-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 906,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": 50,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-Officer Ousts Ghana’s Government Again,” by Pranay Gupte, January 1, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Second Mistrial Is Declared In Weapons-Conspiracy Case,” September 21, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65201061982",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1982-01-06",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Syria on 1982-01-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne (31 January 1982)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SYRIAN CHIEF IS SAID TO THWART PLANNED COUP,” February 6, 1982",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Syria denies report of coup bid,” January 21, 1982",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Coup Said to Have Failed,” January 21, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65201061982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1978-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1428,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne (31 January 1982)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SYRIAN CHIEF IS SAID TO THWART PLANNED COUP,” February 6, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syria denies report of coup bid,” January 21, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Said to Have Failed,” January 21, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58001241982",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1982-01-24",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 1982-01-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD Priest tells congregation of Madagascar plot,” January 25, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58001241982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1975-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2226,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD Priest tells congregation of Madagascar plot,” January 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43502061982",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1982-02-06",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mauritania on 1982-02-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“News in Brief: Boxing chief arrested,” February 10, 1982",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Indonesia Expels soviet envoy,” February 10, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43502061982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-1982-02-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2008,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News in Brief: Boxing chief arrested,” February 10, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Indonesia Expels soviet envoy,” February 10, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09503031982",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1982-03-03",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Florez Aguilar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1982-03-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikiedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C 3%A 9n_Dar%C 3%ADo_Paredes",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Panama’s Military tries to pick up Torrijos Reins,” by Alan Riding, August 26, 1981",
   "“Army Chief’s Offer to resign Muddies Outlook in Panama,” September 6, 1982",
   "“US and Panama Face New Strains,” April 5, 1982",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Panama Chief Quits, Army orders shake-up,” July 31, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09503031982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Florez Aguilar",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikiedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Dar%C3%ADo_Paredes"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s Military tries to pick up Torrijos Reins,” by Alan Riding, August 26, 1981"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army Chief’s Offer to resign Muddies Outlook in Panama,” September 6, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“US and Panama Face New Strains,” April 5, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Chief Quits, Army orders shake-up,” July 31, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48203031982",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1982-03-03",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kolingba",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 1982-03-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 ois_Boziz%C 3%A 9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/",
   "Ange-F%C 3%A 9 lix_Patass%C 3%A 9#1980s:_Return_to_politics_and_further_exile https://en.wikipedia.",
   "org/wiki/1982_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“In Central African Republic, a Coup or Just a Charade?,” March 17, 1982",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Apparent coup attempt fails in Central African Republic,” March 5, 1982",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Coup attempt reported in Central African Republic,” March 5, 1982",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Central African coup failed, diplomats say,” March 5, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48203031982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kolingba",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1981-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 353,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boziz%C3%A9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange-F%C3%A9lix_Patass%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Central African Republic, a Coup or Just a Charade?,” March 17, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Apparent coup attempt fails in Central African Republic,” March 5, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt reported in Central African Republic,” March 5, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African coup failed, diplomats say,” March 5, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11503111982",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1982-03-11",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Surinam on 1982-03-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Hawker",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Suriname Holds Coup Figure,” March 19, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11503111982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1592,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 12,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Hawker"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Holds Coup Figure,” March 19, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09003231982",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1982-03-23",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lucas Garcia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1982-03-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra%C 3%ADn_R%C 3%ADos_Montt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Rebels Oust Guatemala Regime and Set up Junta: Election Fraud Charged...” March 24, 1982",
   "“GUATEMALAN ARMY TOPPLES PRESIDENT IN A BRIEF BATTLE,” August 9, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09003231982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1982-03-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Lucas Garcia",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1982-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 16,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Rebels Oust Guatemala Regime and Set up Junta: Election Fraud Charged...” March 24, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“GUATEMALAN ARMY TOPPLES PRESIDENT IN A BRIEF BATTLE,” August 9, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77103241982",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1982-03-24",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sattar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1982-03-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossain_Muhammad_Ershad",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh Ruler is Toppled in Coup,” March 24, 1982",
   "“Bangladeshi Speaks of Democracy in 2 Years,” by Colin Campbell, March 28, 1982",
   "“Bangladesh Chief Claims Vote Victory,” by Steven R. Weisman, October 17, 1982",
   "“Bangladesh Resigns his Office,” December 5, 1990",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Martial law imposed after Bangladesh coup,” March 25, 1982",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Martial law follows coup in Bangladesh,” March 25, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77103241982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1982-03-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Sattar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1981-11-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 129,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossain_Muhammad_Ershad"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Ruler is Toppled in Coup,” March 24, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladeshi Speaks of Democracy in 2 Years,” by Colin Campbell, March 28, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Chief Claims Vote Victory,” by Steven R. Weisman, October 17, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Resigns his Office,” December 5, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Martial law imposed after Bangladesh coup,” March 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Martial law follows coup in Bangladesh,” March 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63004201982",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1982-04-20",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Iran on 1982-04-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Article 1 – No Title,” September 7, 1982",
   "“Around the World,” September 7, 1982",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Cleric ’in plot to overthrow Khomeini’: Gulf could grow between two wings of Iran’s religious leaders",
   "after arrests in Qom,” April 20, 1982",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Leading Iran Cleric Defrocked,” April 21, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63004201982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 870,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Article 1 – No Title,” September 7, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Around the World,” September 7, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cleric ’in plot to overthrow Khomeini’: Gulf could grow between two wings of Iran’s religious leaders after arrests in Qom,” April 20, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leading Iran Cleric Defrocked,” April 21, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48306071982",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1982-06-07",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Oueddei",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Chad on 1982-06-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels Take Control of Chad’s Capital,” June 8, 1982",
   "“THE WORLD; ENd of the Road At Ndjamena,” June 13, 1982",
   "“Ousted Chad Leader gets Algerian Haven,” June 23, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48306071982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Oueddei",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Take Control of Chad’s Capital,” June 8, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“THE WORLD; ENd of the Road At Ndjamena,” June 13, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ousted Chad Leader gets Algerian Haven,” June 23, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16006171982",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1982-06-17",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Galtieri",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1982-06-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldo_Galtieri",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Galtieri resigns in Argentina; New Leaders Say They’d Bring...” June 18, 1982",
   "“Hard-Liner Named,” by Richard J. Meislin, June 18, 1982",
   "“For Britain and the Falklands, The Postwar World Is Shaky,” by R. W. Apple Jr., June 20, 1982",
   "“Argentine Leader Names Team of 10,” by Edward Schumacher, July 1, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16006171982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Galtieri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1973-09-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3189,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldo_Galtieri"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Galtieri resigns in Argentina; New Leaders Say They’d Bring...” June 18, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Hard-Liner Named,” by Richard J. Meislin, June 18, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“For Britain and the Falklands, The Postwar World Is Shaky,” by R. W. Apple Jr., June 20, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Argentine Leader Names Team of 10,” by Edward Schumacher, July 1, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "63006271982",
  "country": "Iran",
  "country_iso3": "IRN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1982-06-27",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iran on 1982-06-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Iran Military Coup Reported Smashed,” June 28, 1982",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Iran Says an Attempted Coup By Army Group Was Foiled,” June 28, 1982",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Iran Regime ‘Thwarts’ New Coup Attempt,” June 29, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 32.4,
  "lng": 53.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "63006271982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ayatollah Khomeini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-12-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 938,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iran Military Coup Reported Smashed,” June 28, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iran Says an Attempted Coup By Army Group Was Foiled,” June 28, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iran Regime ‘Thwarts’ New Coup Attempt,” June 29, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14507191982",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1982-07-19",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Torrelio Villa",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Bolivia on 1982-07-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Vildoso",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Bolivian Junta Seizes Control,” July 20, 1982",
   "“Bolivia Sets date for civilian rule,” September 18, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14507191982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Torrelio Villa",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1980-06-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 750,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Vildoso"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Junta Seizes Control,” July 20, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Sets date for civilian rule,” September 18, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09507301982",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1982-07-30",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Dario Paredes",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1982-07-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides_Royo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“ARMY CHIEF’S OFFER TO RESIGN MUDDIES OUTLOOK IN PANAMA,” September 6, 1982",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Panama’s Leader Resigns,” August 2, 1982",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Panama’s Chief Resigns In ‘Constitutional Coup’: Vice President Given Top Post in Panama Shift,”",
   "July 31, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09507301982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dario Paredes",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides_Royo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ARMY CHIEF’S OFFER TO RESIGN MUDDIES OUTLOOK IN PANAMA,” September 6, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s Leader Resigns,” August 2, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s Chief Resigns In ‘Constitutional Coup’: Vice President Given Top Post in Panama Shift,” July 31, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50108011982",
  "country": "Kenya",
  "country_iso3": "KEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1982-08-01",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Moi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Kenya on 1982-08-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Kenya Jails Student Leader,” September 25, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 0,
  "lng": 37.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50108011982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-501-1982-08-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Moi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1979-11-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 997,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 159,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kenya Jails Student Leader,” September 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09008131982",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1982-08-13",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rios Montt",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guatemala on 1982-08-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• U.S. State Department",
   "“Guatemala: Threats to Rios Montt Government,” August 26, 1982",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Guatemala Arrests 8 Rightist Party Leaders,” August 17, 1982",
   "“Parcel Bomb Kills S. African Opposition Figure in Mozambique: AROUND THE WORLD,” August",
   "18, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09008131982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rios Montt",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1982-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 159,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "U.S. State Department",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala: Threats to Rios Montt Government,” August 26, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala Arrests 8 Rightist Party Leaders,” August 17, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Parcel Bomb Kills S. African Opposition Figure in Mozambique: AROUND THE WORLD,” August 18, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "23010011982",
  "country": "Spain",
  "country_iso3": "ESP",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1982-10-01",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Calvo-Sotelo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Spain on 1982-10-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_conspiracy_for_the_27_October_1982_(Spain)",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Spain Arrests 3 Officers in Suspected Plot,” October 3, 1982",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“The World: Spain Seizes 3 in Coup Plot,” October 3, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.5,
  "lng": -3.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "23010011982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Calvo-Sotelo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1979-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1310,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.87,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_conspiracy_for_the_27_October_1982_(Spain)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Spain Arrests 3 Officers in Suspected Plot,” October 3, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The World: Spain Seizes 3 in Coup Plot,” October 3, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43911071982",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1982-11-07",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Zerbo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1982-11-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saye_Zerbo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Soldiers Topple Regime in Upper Volta,” November 8, 1982",
   "“Coup is Reported in Upper Volta,” August 5, 1983",
   "“13 Killed in Coup in Upper Volta,” August 6, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43911071982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-1982-11-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Zerbo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1978-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1624,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 20,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saye_Zerbo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers Topple Regime in Upper Volta,” November 8, 1982"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup is Reported in Upper Volta,” August 5, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“13 Killed in Coup in Upper Volta,” August 6, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45211231982",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1982-11-23",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rawlings",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1982-11-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ghana leader says attempted coup is crushed,” November 25, 1982",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Coup attempt in Ghana thwarted,” November 25, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45211231982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1982-11-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Rawlings",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1233,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana leader says attempted coup is crushed,” November 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Ghana thwarted,” November 25, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11512081982",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1982-12-08",
  "year": 1982,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Surinam on 1982-12-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_murders",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SURINAME ASSAILED FOR DEC. 9 KILLINGS,” December 15, 1982"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11512081982",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1864,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_murders"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SURINAME ASSAILED FOR DEC. 9 KILLINGS,” December 15, 1982"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51001131983",
  "country": "Tanzania",
  "country_iso3": "TZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1983-01-13",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nyerere",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Tanzania on 1983-01-13, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Coup arrests in Tanzania,” January 23, 1983",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Tanzanian coup foiled, but not economic woes,” January 24, 1983",
   "• Africa Report",
   "“African Update,” March 1, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.4,
  "lng": 34.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51001131983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nyerere",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1980-10-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 809,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup arrests in Tanzania,” January 23, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tanzanian coup foiled, but not economic woes,” January 24, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Africa Report",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“African Update,” March 1, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11501301983",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1983-01-30",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Surinam on 1983-01-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Suriname Jails 15 in Suspected Plot,” February 1, 1983",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Suriname Leader Blocks Coup; 15 Reported Arrested,” January 31, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11501301983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1917,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Jails 15 in Suspected Plot,” February 1, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Leader Blocks Coup; 15 Reported Arrested,” January 31, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45206191983",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1983-06-19",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rawlings",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1983-06-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Ghana revolt crushed,” June 20, 1983",
   "“Troops in Ghana’s attempted coup crossed from Togo,” June 21, 1983",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Ghana coup attempt apparently thwarted,” June 20, 1983",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ghana Tells of Coup Attempt,” June 22, 1983",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Loyal Troops Said to Crush Coup in Ghana,” June 20, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45206191983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1983-06-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Rawlings",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1441,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": 26,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana revolt crushed,” June 20, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Troops in Ghana’s attempted coup crossed from Togo,” June 21, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana coup attempt apparently thwarted,” June 20, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Tells of Coup Attempt,” June 22, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Loyal Troops Said to Crush Coup in Ghana,” June 20, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43908041983",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1983-08-04",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "J. P. Ouedraogo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1983-08-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sankara",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup is Reported in Upper Volta,” August 5, 1983",
   "“13 Killed in Coup in Upper Volta,” August 6, 1983",
   "“REBELS REPORTED TO GAIN IN CHAD; U.S. SAYS THE SITUATION IS SERIOUS,” August",
   "6, 1983",
   "“Burkina Faso Leader Ousted in Coup Led by Chief Advisor,” October 16, 1987",
   "“A friendship Dies in a Bloody Coup,” by James Brooke, October 26, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43908041983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-1983-08-04",
  "leader_in_power": "J. P. Ouedraogo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1978-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1894,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 13,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sankara"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup is Reported in Upper Volta,” August 5, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“13 Killed in Coup in Upper Volta,” August 6, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“REBELS REPORTED TO GAIN IN CHAD; U.S. SAYS THE SITUATION IS SERIOUS,” August 6, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Leader Ousted in Coup Led by Chief Advisor,” October 16, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“A friendship Dies in a Bloody Coup,” by James Brooke, October 26, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09008081983",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1983-08-08",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rios Montt",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1983-08-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra%C 3%ADn_R%C 3%ADos_Montt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemalan Army Topples President in a Brief Battle: defense Chief takes Over...” August 9, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09008081983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1983-08-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Rios Montt",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1982-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 519,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemalan Army Topples President in a Brief Battle: defense Chief takes Over...” August 9, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57208101983",
  "country": "Swaziland",
  "country_iso3": "SWZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1983-08-10",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Dzeliwe Shongwe",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Swaziland on 1983-08-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sozisa_Dlamini",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Swaziland Queen Loses Power Fight,” by Joseph Lelyveld, August 11, 1983",
   "“Two Swazi Sovereigns, and Which One Rules?” August 12, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -26.5,
  "lng": 31.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57208101983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-572-1983-08-10",
  "leader_in_power": "Dzeliwe Shongwe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sozisa_Dlamini"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Swaziland Queen Loses Power Fight,” by Joseph Lelyveld, August 11, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Two Swazi Sovereigns, and Which One Rules?” August 12, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78109101983",
  "country": "Maldives",
  "country_iso3": "MDV",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1983-09-10",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Gayoom",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Maldives on 1983-09-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Plot uncovered in Maldives,” September 10, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.2,
  "lng": 73.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78109101983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gayoom",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1983-09-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot uncovered in Maldives,” September 10, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09509141983",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1983-09-14",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Noriega",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Panama on 1983-09-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Panamanian President Forced Out,” September 28, 1983",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Panama President Forced From Office,” September 29, 1983",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Panama’s President Steps Down,” September 29, 1983 “Panama’s President Resigns Under Fire:",
   "Assistant Sworn In,” September 29, 1983",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Panama’s President Steps Down,” September 29, 1983 “Panama’s President Resigns Under Fire:",
   "Assistant Sworn In,” September 29, 1983",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Panama’s president resigns, says TV amid coup rumors,” September 28, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09509141983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Noriega",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panamanian President Forced Out,” September 28, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama President Forced From Office,” September 29, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s President Steps Down,” September 29, 1983 “Panama’s President Resigns Under Fire: Assistant Sworn In,” September 29, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s President Steps Down,” September 29, 1983 “Panama’s President Resigns Under Fire: Assistant Sworn In,” September 29, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama’s president resigns, says TV amid coup rumors,” September 28, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43610051983",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1983-10-05",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kountche",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1983-10-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Coup attempt in Niger foiledone map,” October 7, 1983",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Niger army puts down coup attempt,” October 7, 1983",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Niger Reports Its Forces Foiled a Coup by ’a Few Ambitious People’,” October 7, 1983",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Top military aides backed Niger coup,” October 8, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43610051983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-1983-10-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Kountche",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Niger foiledone map,” October 7, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger army puts down coup attempt,” October 7, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Reports Its Forces Foiled a Coup by ’a Few Ambitious People’,” October 7, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Top military aides backed Niger coup,” October 8, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05510141983",
  "country": "Grenada",
  "country_iso3": "GRD",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1983-10-14",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Maurice Bishop",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Palace coup in Grenada on 1983-10-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Grenada#The_1983_coups",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ouster of Grenada’s Leader is Indicated by Army Chief,” by Frank J. Prial, October 17, 1983",
   "• Baltimore Sun",
   "“Grenadan leader deposed, cabinet official announces,” October 15, 1983",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Grenada’s prime minister reportedly ousted in coup,” October 15, 1983",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Grenada’s Chief Freed, Recaptured,” October 19, 1983",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Grenada minister quits as coup fails,” October 15, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.1,
  "lng": -61.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05510141983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-55-1983-10-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Maurice Bishop",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2502,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Grenada#The_1983_coups"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ouster of Grenada’s Leader is Indicated by Army Chief,” by Frank J. Prial, October 17, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Baltimore Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Grenadan leader deposed, cabinet official announces,” October 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Grenada’s prime minister reportedly ousted in coup,” October 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Grenada’s Chief Freed, Recaptured,” October 19, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Grenada minister quits as coup fails,” October 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05510191983",
  "country": "Grenada",
  "country_iso3": "GRD",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1983-10-19",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Maurice Bishop",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Grenada on 1983-10-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Austin",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leader of Grenada is Reported Killed by Troops,” October 20, 1983",
   "“Military Council Says it Now Rules Grenada,” October 21, 1983",
   "“General reported Captured,” October 31, 1983",
   "“BARBADOS SEEKING TO OUST REPORTER,” November 11, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.1,
  "lng": -61.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05510191983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Maurice Bishop",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2507,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Austin"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leader of Grenada is Reported Killed by Troops,” October 20, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Council Says it Now Rules Grenada,” October 21, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“General reported Captured,” October 31, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BARBADOS SEEKING TO OUST REPORTER,” November 11, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05510311983",
  "country": "Grenada",
  "country_iso3": "GRD",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1983-10-31",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Paul Scoon",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Grenada on 1983-10-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Grenada Slips Back To Its Usual Torpor After U.S.’Rescue’But War Leaves Reminders: Bombatthe",
   "Soccer Field, Foreign Soldiers At The Bar Grenada Slips Back To Its Usual Torpor After U.S.‘Rescue’,”",
   "by Thomas E. Ricks, November 8, 1983",
   "• New York Times",
   "“General reported Captured,” October 31, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.1,
  "lng": -61.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05510311983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paul Scoon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": "1976-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2519,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Grenada Slips Back To Its Usual Torpor After U.S.’Rescue’But War Leaves Reminders: Bombatthe Soccer Field, Foreign Soldiers At The Bar Grenada Slips Back To Its Usual Torpor After U.S.‘Rescue’,” by Thomas E. Ricks, November 8, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General reported Captured,” October 31, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11511251983",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1983-11-25",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Surinam on 1983-11-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“LATE NEWS: Dow Hits Record,” November 29, 1983",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Suriname Says it Foiled Coup and Seized 10,” November 30, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11511251983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2216,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“LATE NEWS: Dow Hits Record,” November 29, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Says it Foiled Coup and Seized 10,” November 30, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57212081983",
  "country": "Swaziland",
  "country_iso3": "SWZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1983-12-08",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ntombe Thwala",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Swaziland on 1983-12-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Swazis face treason charge,” December 15, 1983",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“11 in Swazi plot charge,” December 10, 1983",
   "“News in Brief,” December 15, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -26.5,
  "lng": 31.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57212081983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ntombe Thwala",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Swazis face treason charge,” December 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“11 in Swazi plot charge,” December 10, 1983"
     },
     {
      "text": "“News in Brief,” December 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11012241983",
  "country": "Guyana",
  "country_iso3": "GUY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1983-12-24",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Burnham",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guyana on 1983-12-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Canada Says 8 Plotted To Take Over Guyana,” December 24, 1983",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Eight accused of plan to arm Guyana coup,” December 24, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.9,
  "lng": -58.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11012241983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Burnham",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1980-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1104,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Canada Says 8 Plotted To Take Over Guyana,” December 24, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Eight accused of plan to arm Guyana coup,” December 24, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47512311983",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1983-12-31",
  "year": 1983,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Shagari",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1983-12-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu_Shagari",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigerian Army says its has Forced out the Civil Regime,” by Clifford May, January 1, 1984",
   "“NIGERIAN MILITARY REGIME IS REINING IN ONE OF THE FREE ST PRESSES IN AFRICA,”",
   "April 30, 1984",
   "“Army officers Said to Overthrow Nigeria’s Ruling Military Council,” August 28, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47512311983",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1983-12-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Shagari",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1983-08-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 147,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 25,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu_Shagari"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Army says its has Forced out the Civil Regime,” by Clifford May, January 1, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“NIGERIAN MILITARY REGIME IS REINING IN ONE OF THE FREE ST PRESSES IN AFRICA,” April 30, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Army officers Said to Overthrow Nigeria’s Ruling Military Council,” August 28, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77001021984",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1984-01-02",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Zia",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Pakistan on 1984-01-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Pindi to try ’plotters’,” February 7, 1984",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Zia denies rumours of coup,” February 6, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77001021984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zia",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1977-03-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2492,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.11,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pindi to try ’plotters’,” February 7, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zia denies rumours of coup,” February 6, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57203201984",
  "country": "Swaziland",
  "country_iso3": "SWZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1984-03-20",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ntombe Thwala",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Swaziland on 1984-03-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Swazis say coup foiled,” April 3, 1984",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Swazi ’coup plot’ foiled,” April 3, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -26.5,
  "lng": 31.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57203201984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ntombe Thwala",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Swazis say coup foiled,” April 3, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Swazi ’coup plot’ foiled,” April 3, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45203231984",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1984-03-23",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Rawlings",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ghana on 1984-03-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ghana reports defeat of an attempted coup,” March 26, 1984",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Ghana foils coup bid,” March 27, 1984",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Ghana coup attempt appears linked to unrest over austerity plan,” March 30, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45203231984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-452-1984-03-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Rawlings",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-07-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1719,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana reports defeat of an attempted coup,” March 26, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana foils coup bid,” March 27, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana coup attempt appears linked to unrest over austerity plan,” March 30, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65203301984",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1984-03-30",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1984-03-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• COLPUS",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Syrian_coup_attempt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/",
   "Rifaat_al-Assad#Attempted_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad#",
   "Premiership_and_presidency:_1970%E 2%80%932000",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Tanks in Damascus Streets Reflect Syrian Power Straggle: Internal Power Struggle Erodes Authority",
   "of Syrian President Syrian Military ’Barons’ Compete for Chance to Succeed Assad,” Jonathan C.",
   "Randal April 8, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65203301984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1978-02-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2242,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "COLPUS",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Syrian_coup_attempt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad#Attempted_coup_d’%C3%A9tathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad#Premiership_and_presidency:_1970%E2%80%932000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tanks in Damascus Streets Reflect Syrian Power Straggle: Internal Power Struggle Erodes Authority of Syrian President Syrian Military ’Barons’ Compete for Chance to Succeed Assad,” Jonathan C. Randal April 8, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43804031984",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1984-04-03",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Beavogui",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 1984-04-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C 3%A 9",
   "http://african elections.tripod.com/gn.html",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guinea’s military assumes control; Seals off Nation,” April 4, 1984",
   "“Colonel is Named Guinean President,” by Clifford May, April 6, 1984",
   "“EX-PREMIER SEIZES POWER IN GUINEA,” July 5, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43804031984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-1984-04-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Beavogui",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1982-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 695,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C3%A9"
     },
     {
      "text": "http://african elections.tripod.com/gn.html"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea’s military assumes control; Seals off Nation,” April 4, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Colonel is Named Guinean President,” by Clifford May, April 6, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“EX-PREMIER SEIZES POWER IN GUINEA,” July 5, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47104061984",
  "country": "Cameroon",
  "country_iso3": "CMR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1984-04-06",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Biya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cameroon on 1984-04-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Army Resists Coup Bid in Cameroon,” April 7, 1984",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Cameroon Reports ‘Victory’ Over Rebels,” April 8, 1984",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“President says Cameroon coup attempt defeated,” April 9, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.4,
  "lng": 12.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47104061984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-471-1984-04-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Biya",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1984-01-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 83,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 750,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Resists Coup Bid in Cameroon,” April 7, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cameroon Reports ‘Victory’ Over Rebels,” April 8, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President says Cameroon coup attempt defeated,” April 9, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04106011984",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1984-06-01",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Jean- Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 1984-06-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; 13 Seized in Louisiana As Plotters of Haiti Coup,” June 1, 1984",
   "• Afro-American",
   "“13 charged in plot to oust Duvalier,” June 9, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04106011984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jean- Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; 13 Seized in Louisiana As Plotters of Haiti Coup,” June 1, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Afro-American",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“13 charged in plot to oust Duvalier,” June 9, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506301984",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1984-06-30",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1984-06-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolivian President is kidnapped, then freed in an aborted coup,” July 1, 1984",
   "“BOLIVIAN PLOT EMBARRASSES THE U.S.,” July 17, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506301984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-145-1984-06-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1982-10-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 634,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian President is kidnapped, then freed in an aborted coup,” July 1, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BOLIVIAN PLOT EMBARRASSES THE U.S.,” July 17, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80007041984",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1984-07-04",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Prem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Thailand on 1984-07-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [1],” July 5, 1984",
   "• New York Times",
   "“16 Thai Communists Seized in Purported Plot,” July 5, 1984",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Thailand Seizes 16 Communist Party Members,” July 5, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80007041984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Prem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1983-04-18",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 443,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [1],” July 5, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“16 Thai Communists Seized in Purported Plot,” July 5, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thailand Seizes 16 Communist Party Members,” July 5, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45008191984",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1984-08-19",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Liberia on 1984-08-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A 7 th Liberian is Linked to Plot,” August 29, 1984",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Liberians arrested in alleged coup plot,” August 28, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45008191984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1984-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A 7 th Liberian is Linked to Plot,” August 29, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberians arrested in alleged coup plot,” August 28, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71208231984",
  "country": "Mongolia",
  "country_iso3": "MNG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1984-08-23",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Tsedenbal",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mongolia on 1984-08-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum Ja Agi In_Tsedenbal",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mongolia Removes its Ailing Leader,” by Seth Mydan, August 24, 1984",
   "“Yum Z Hagi In Tsedenbal, Ex-Chief Of Mongolia in Hard-Line Years,” April 23, 1991",
   "• The Xinhua General Overseas News Service",
   "“tsedenbal relieved of post as mongolian party chief,” August 23, 1984",
   "• BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
   "“Speech by Molo Mj Amts at Party Plenum,” August 25, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 46.9,
  "lng": 103.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71208231984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tsedenbal",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1981-06-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1159,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum Ja Agi In_Tsedenbal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mongolia Removes its Ailing Leader,” by Seth Mydan, August 24, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Yum Z Hagi In Tsedenbal, Ex-Chief Of Mongolia in Hard-Line Years,” April 23, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Xinhua General Overseas News Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“tsedenbal relieved of post as mongolian party chief,” August 23, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Speech by Molo Mj Amts at Party Plenum,” August 25, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36010161984",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1984-10-16",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ceausescu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Romania on 1984-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Eras Journal",
   "“Romania: A Kidnapped Revolution and the History of a Pseudo-Transition,” November 2001",
   "• Ceausescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989, Routledge, by Dennis",
   "Deletant, September 1, 1995. p 351",
   "• Wilson Center",
   "“Romania’s Unfinished Revolution,” by Anneli Ute Gabanyi, July 7, 2011",
   "• Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C 8%99 escu"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36010161984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ceausescu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1980-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1682,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Eras Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania: A Kidnapped Revolution and the History of a Pseudo-Transition,” November 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ceausescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989, Routledge, by Dennis",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "Deletant, September 1, 1995. p 351"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wilson Center",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania’s Unfinished Revolution,” by Anneli Ute Gabanyi, July 7, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C 8%99 escu",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43512121984",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1984-12-12",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 1984-12-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Khouna_Ould_Haidalla",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mauritania Coup Ousts President,” December 13, 1984",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; Mauritania’s President Arrested by Coup Leader,” December 14, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43512121984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-1984-12-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Haidalla",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1976-08-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3048,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Khouna_Ould_Haidalla"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania Coup Ousts President,” December 13, 1984"
     },
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; Mauritania’s President Arrested by Coup Leader,” December 14, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14512291984",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1984-12-29",
  "year": 1984,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 1984-12-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Bolivia Army Chief Fired,” December 30, 1984",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Fired Army Chief ends Rebellion,” December 31, 1984"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14512291984",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siles Zuazo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1982-10-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 816,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivia Army Chief Fired,” December 30, 1984"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fired Army Chief ends Rebellion,” December 31, 1984"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58103081985",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1985-03-08",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Comoros on 1985-03-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros_(1978%E 2%80%931989)",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Comoros coup thwarted,” March 15, 1985",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup bid by elite guard foiled on Comoro Islands,” March 15, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58103081985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1985-03-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1978-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 2329,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros_(1978%E2%80%931989)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoros coup thwarted,” March 15, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid by elite guard foiled on Comoro Islands,” March 15, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45004011985",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-04-01",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1985-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Hartford Courant",
   "“Liberia Leader Escapes Assassination Attempt,” April 2, 1985",
   "• Arizona Republic",
   "“Attempt to kill Liberian chief ends in failure,” April 2, 1985",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Liberia chief foils assassination try,” April 2, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45004011985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-450-1985-04-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1984-07-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hartford Courant",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia Leader Escapes Assassination Attempt,” April 2, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arizona Republic",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempt to kill Liberian chief ends in failure,” April 2, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia chief foils assassination try,” April 2, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62504061985",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1985-04-06",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1985-04-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry",
   "• New York Times",
   "“SUDAN GUERRILLAS STEP UP ATTACKS,” August 26, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62504061985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1985-04-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Nimeiri",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1983-04-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 723,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SUDAN GUERRILLAS STEP UP ATTACKS,” August 26, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43807041985",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-07-04",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Conte",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea on 1985-07-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“INTERNATIONAL REPORT; Guinea Booms as Markets Replace Marxism,” December 28, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43807041985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-1985-07-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Conte",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1982-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1152,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 57,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“INTERNATIONAL REPORT; Guinea Booms as Markets Replace Marxism,” December 28, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50007271985",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1985-07-27",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Obote",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1985-07-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Obote",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” August 1, 1985",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Uganda Leader Reportedly Out in Army Coup,” by Sheila Rule, July 28, 1985",
   "“Uganda Military Chief is Made Head of State,” July 30, 1985",
   "“Rebels in Uganda Take Control of Capital, but Battles Continue,” by Sheila Rule, January 26, 1986",
   "“Rebels in Uganda say they Ousted Military leaders,” by Sheila Rule, January 27, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50007271985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-500-1985-07-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Obote",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1980-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1690,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Obote"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” August 1, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Leader Reportedly Out in Army Coup,” by Sheila Rule, July 28, 1985"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Uganda Military Chief is Made Head of State,” July 30, 1985"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Uganda Take Control of Capital, but Battles Continue,” by Sheila Rule, January 26, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Uganda say they Ousted Military leaders,” by Sheila Rule, January 27, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47508271985",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-08-27",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Buhari",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Palace coup in Nigeria on 1985-08-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [4],” August 28, 1985",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army officers Said to Overthrow Nigeria’s Ruling Military Council,” August 28, 1985",
   "“Nigeria Nervously Awaits Vote to End Army Rule,” June 8, 1993",
   "“Nigerians in Vote for Civilian Rule,” by Kenneth Noble, June 13, 1993",
   "“Nigerian Military Rulers Annul Election,” by Kenneth Noble, June 24, 1993",
   "“Nigerian Protests Erupt in Violence,” July 6, 1993",
   "“Nigerian Ruler Cedes Power to Civilian,” by Kenneth Nobles, August 27, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47508271985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1985-08-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Buhari",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1983-08-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 752,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [4],” August 28, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army officers Said to Overthrow Nigeria’s Ruling Military Council,” August 28, 1985"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Nervously Awaits Vote to End Army Rule,” June 8, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigerians in Vote for Civilian Rule,” by Kenneth Noble, June 13, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Military Rulers Annul Election,” by Kenneth Noble, June 24, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Protests Erupt in Violence,” July 6, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Ruler Cedes Power to Civilian,” by Kenneth Nobles, August 27, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80009091985",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1985-09-09",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Prem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1985-09-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem_T Insula Nonda#Overcoming_coup_attempts",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THAILAND’S MILITARY SUFFERS SOME SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS,” September 15, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80009091985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1985-09-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Prem",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1983-04-18",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 875,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem_T Insula Nonda#Overcoming_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THAILAND’S MILITARY SUFFERS SOME SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS,” September 15, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09509251985",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1985-09-25",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Noriega",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1985-09-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup foiled in Panama,” September 15, 1983",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“No denial on Panama Coup attempt,” September 17, 1983"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09509251985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Noriega",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Panama,” September 15, 1983"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“No denial on Panama Coup attempt,” September 17, 1983"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62509251985",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1985-09-25",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Abdul Rahman Swaredahab",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1985-09-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudan Reports Arrests After Attempted Coup,” September 30, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62509251985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abdul Rahman Swaredahab",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1983-04-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 895,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Reports Arrests After Attempted Coup,” September 30, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411071985",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-11-07",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Vieira",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Guinea-Bissau on 1985-11-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup plot foiled,” November 8, 1985",
   "• Montreal Gazette",
   "“Coup arrest,” November 8, 1985",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Abortive Coup bid in Guinea-Bissau,” November 8, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40411071985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Vieira",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1984-05-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 540,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 7,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot foiled,” November 8, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Montreal Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup arrest,” November 8, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Abortive Coup bid in Guinea-Bissau,” November 8, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45011121985",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-11-12",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Liberia on 1985-11-12, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Doe",
   "• New York Times",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD; Liberia Installs Leader; Dissidents Are Released,” January 7, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45011121985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-450-1985-11-12-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 28,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 800,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Doe"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD; Liberia Installs Leader; Dissidents Are Released,” January 7, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "82011191985",
  "country": "Malaysia",
  "country_iso3": "MYS",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1985-11-19",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mahatir Bin Mohammad",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Malaysia on 1985-11-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memali_Incident",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Malaysians fear rise of fundamentalism,” November 25, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 4.2,
  "lng": 102,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "82011191985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mahatir Bin Mohammad",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1982-04-22",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1307,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 18,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memali_Incident"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Malaysians fear rise of fundamentalism,” November 25, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47512201985",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1985-12-20",
  "year": 1985,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Babangida",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1985-12-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Nigerians held in alleged coup plot,” December 21, 1985",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Military coup thwarted by new Nigerian regime,” December 21, 1985"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47512201985",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Babangida",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1983-08-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 867,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerians held in alleged coup plot,” December 21, 1985"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military coup thwarted by new Nigerian regime,” December 21, 1985"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "68001131986",
  "country": "Yemen PDR",
  "country_iso3": "YMD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1986-01-13",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ali Nassir Hassani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Yemen PDR on 1986-01-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_Ismail",
   "• New York Times",
   "“South Yemen Head is Said to Depart,” by John Kifner, January 19, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 14,
  "lng": 46.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "68001131986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-680-1986-01-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Ali Nassir Hassani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1978-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2585,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 2000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_Ismail"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Yemen Head is Said to Depart,” by John Kifner, January 19, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57001201986",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1986-01-20",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Jonathan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Lesotho on 1986-01-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Metsing_Lekhanya",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” January 23, 1986",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup Reported in Lesotho after Crisis,” by Alan Cowell, January 20, 1986",
   "“Military Topples Lesotho Leader; Capital Jubilant,” by Alan Cowell, January 21, 1986",
   "“Lesotho’s Military leader Ousted by Army Officers,” by Christopher S.Wren, May 1, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57001201986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-570-1986-01-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Jonathan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Metsing_Lekhanya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” January 23, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup Reported in Lesotho after Crisis,” by Alan Cowell, January 20, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Topples Lesotho Leader; Capital Jubilant,” by Alan Cowell, January 21, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho’s Military leader Ousted by Army Officers,” by Christopher S.Wren, May 1, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50001291986",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1986-01-29",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Okello",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Uganda on 1986-01-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museveni#February_2006_elections",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Uganda Take Control of Capital, but Battles Continue,” by Sheila Rule, January 26, 1986",
   "“Rebels in Uganda say they Ousted Military leaders,” by Sheila Rule, January 27, 1986",
   "“Winner in Uganda: Yoweri Kaguta Museveni,” by Sheila Rule, January 31, 1986",
   "“CRISIS ROILS GOVERNMENT IN UGANDA,” October 19, 1986",
   "“Ugandans Relish The First Chance at a National Vote in 14 years,” by Donatella Lorch, March 28,",
   "1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50001291986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Okello",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1980-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1876,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museveni#February_2006_elections"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Uganda Take Control of Capital, but Battles Continue,” by Sheila Rule, January 26, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Uganda say they Ousted Military leaders,” by Sheila Rule, January 27, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Winner in Uganda: Yoweri Kaguta Museveni,” by Sheila Rule, January 31, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“CRISIS ROILS GOVERNMENT IN UGANDA,” October 19, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ugandans Relish The First Chance at a National Vote in 14 years,” by Donatella Lorch, March 28, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04102071986",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1986-02-07",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Jean- Duvalier",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Haiti on 1986-02-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Duvalier",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Cabinet Named in Haiti: Ruling Council Releases Dozens of Political Prisoners,” by Keith Richburg,",
   "February 9, 1986",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“The U.S. should now let Haiti go it alone,” February 10, 1986",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THE WORLD; Soldiers Draw The Line In Haiti,” September 25, 1988",
   "• Milan"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04102071986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1986-02-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Jean- Duvalier",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-07-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 200,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Duvalier"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cabinet Named in Haiti: Ruling Council Releases Dozens of Political Prisoners,” by Keith Richburg, February 9, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The U.S. should now let Haiti go it alone,” February 10, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THE WORLD; Soldiers Draw The Line In Haiti,” September 25, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84002251986",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1986-02-25",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Marcos",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1986-02-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines#Marcos_era_and_martial_law_.281965.",
   "E 2.80.931986.29",
   "• New York Times",
   "“More Join revolt,” by Seth Mydans, February 24, 1986",
   "“Rebels Inaugurate Aquino as President,” by Clyde Haberman, February 25, 1986",
   "“Marcos Flees and is Taken to Guam; US recognizes Aquino as President,” February 26, 1986",
   "“3 Tumultuous Days: Key Events Since the Seizing of the Defense Ministry,” February 25, 1986",
   "“After the Fall, Joyous Pandemonium Grips Manila,” by Clyde Haberman, February 26, 1986",
   "“Autocrat With a Regal Manner, Marcos Ruled for 2 Decades,” September 29, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84002251986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Marcos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-02-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 18,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“More Join revolt,” by Seth Mydans, February 24, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Inaugurate Aquino as President,” by Clyde Haberman, February 25, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Marcos Flees and is Taken to Guam; US recognizes Aquino as President,” February 26, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“3 Tumultuous Days: Key Events Since the Seizing of the Defense Ministry,” February 25, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After the Fall, Joyous Pandemonium Grips Manila,” by Clyde Haberman, February 26, 1986"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Autocrat With a Regal Manner, Marcos Ruled for 2 Decades,” September 29, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13003081986",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1986-03-08",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Febres Cordaro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 1986-03-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ecuador General Ends Revolt,” March 12, 1986",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ecuador on alert as renegade general stirs revolt,” March 14, 1986",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Troops retake air base in Ecuador as coup fails,” March 15, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13003081986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-1986-03-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Febres Cordaro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1984-05-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 671,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.67,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador General Ends Revolt,” March 12, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador on alert as renegade general stirs revolt,” March 14, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops retake air base in Ecuador as coup fails,” March 15, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62004141986",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1986-04-14",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1986-04-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Libya_(1986)#Libya",
   "• Los Angeles TImes",
   "“Chose Targets to Fuel Coup Against Kadafi, Shultz says,” April 18, 1986",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Article 1 – No Title,” July 1, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62004141986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Libya_(1986)#Libya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles TImes",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chose Targets to Fuel Coup Against Kadafi, Shultz says,” April 18, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Article 1 – No Title,” July 1, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84007061986",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1986-07-06",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1986-07-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Pro-Marcos coup fizzles overnight as troops give up,” July 7, 1986",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Bizarre Takeover Attempt Could Signal A Coup-Prone Era for the Philippines,” by Anthony Spaeth,",
   "July 8, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84007061986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-840-1986-07-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1986-02-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 149,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pro-Marcos coup fizzles overnight as troops give up,” July 7, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bizarre Takeover Attempt Could Signal A Coup-Prone Era for the Philippines,” by Anthony Spaeth, July 8, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "41107191986",
  "country": "Equatorial Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GNQ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1986-07-19",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nguema Mbasogo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Equatorial Guinea on 1986-07-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Coup attempt unsuccessful in Equatorial Guinea,” July 24, 1986",
   "• The Montreal Gazette",
   "“Coup Bid Foiled,” July 25, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.7,
  "lng": 10.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "41107191986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nguema Mbasogo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1982-08-15",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1434,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt unsuccessful in Equatorial Guinea,” July 24, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Montreal Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Bid Foiled,” July 25, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11507281986",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1986-07-28",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Bouterse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Surinam on 1986-07-28, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)",
   "“A Byte Out of History: A 1986 Prevention: The Foiled Takeover of a Foreign Government,” July 28,",
   "2004",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“13 charged with plot on Suriname,” July 29, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11507281986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouterse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1977-10-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3192,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Byte Out of History: A 1986 Prevention: The Foiled Takeover of a Foreign Government,” July 28, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“13 charged with plot on Suriname,” July 29, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50009021986",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1986-09-02",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Uganda on 1986-09-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Coup attempt foiled in Uganda,” September 3, 1986",
   "• Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Coup foiled in Uganda; 25 arrested,” September 3, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50009021986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1980-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2092,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt foiled in Uganda,” September 3, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Uganda; 25 arrested,” September 3, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45009041986",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1986-09-04",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1986-09-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Liberia foils coup attempt,” September 5, 1986",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Rumor of coup puts Liberia on alert,” September 5, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45009041986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 324,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia foils coup attempt,” September 5, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rumor of coup puts Liberia on alert,” September 5, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46109231986",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1986-09-23",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1986-09-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Togo hints neighbors linked to coup bid,” August 30, 1986",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Ghana accused in Togo coup plot,” September 30, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46109231986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1979-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2459,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 26,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo hints neighbors linked to coup bid,” August 30, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana accused in Togo coup plot,” September 30, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50010081986",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1986-10-08",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Uganda on 1986-10-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“18 Ugandans charged with plotting a coup,” October 8, 1986",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Uganda says it foiled coup plot, arrested 26,” October 8, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50010081986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1980-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2128,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“18 Ugandans charged with plotting a coup,” October 8, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Uganda says it foiled coup plot, arrested 26,” October 8, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84011221986",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1986-11-22",
  "year": 1986,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1986-11-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E 2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Aquino fires entire cabinet after foiled coup attempt,” November 24, 1986",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“U.S. Voices Support For Aquino,” November 24, 1986"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84011221986",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1986-02-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 288,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Aquino fires entire cabinet after foiled coup attempt,” November 24, 1986"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Voices Support For Aquino,” November 24, 1986"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "50001061987",
  "country": "Uganda",
  "country_iso3": "UGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1987-01-06",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Uganda on 1987-01-06, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Raid on ’subversive’ meeting foils Uganda coup,” January 8, 1987",
   "• Afro-American",
   "“Four face coup charges in Ugandan court,” January 24, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.4,
  "lng": 32.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "50001061987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Yoweri Museveni",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1980-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2218,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Raid on ’subversive’ meeting foils Uganda coup,” January 8, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Afro-American",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Four face coup charges in Ugandan court,” January 24, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84001271987",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1987-01-27",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1987-01-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Pro-Marcos Forces Attempt Coup: Coup Attempted by Forces Loyal to Exiled Marcos,” by Keith",
   "Richburg, January 27, 1987",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Aquino promises retribution after coup plot fails,” by Tom Fawthrop, January 28, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84001271987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-840-1987-01-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1986-02-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 354,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pro-Marcos Forces Attempt Coup: Coup Attempted by Forces Loyal to Exiled Marcos,” by Keith Richburg, January 27, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Aquino promises retribution after coup plot fails,” by Tom Fawthrop, January 28, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45103231987",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1987-03-23",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Momoh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Sierra Leone on 1987-03-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“SIERRA LEONE LOYALISTS THWART COUP ATTEMPT,” March 24, 1987",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup foiled in Sierra Leone,” March 24, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45103231987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1987-03-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Momoh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1985-10-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 538,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SIERRA LEONE LOYALISTS THWART COUP ATTEMPT,” March 24, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup foiled in Sierra Leone,” March 24, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84004121987",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1987-04-12",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1987-04-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Filipino Says Coup Thwarted,” April 14, 1987",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Philippine Coup Plot Reportedly Foiled: Plan Involved Seizing School, Taking Foreign Students",
   "Hostage,” April 14, 1987",
   "• South China Sunday Morning Post",
   "“Coup Foiled, Says Paper,” April 12, 1987",
   "• The Vancouver Sun",
   "“Philippines Coup Foiled by Military,” April 13, 1987",
   "• The Windsor Star",
   "“Philippine Coup Averted,” April 13, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84004121987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Filipino Says Coup Thwarted,” April 14, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippine Coup Plot Reportedly Foiled: Plan Involved Seizing School, Taking Foreign Students Hostage,” April 14, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Sunday Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Foiled, Says Paper,” April 12, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Vancouver Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippines Coup Foiled by Military,” April 13, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Windsor Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippine Coup Averted,” April 13, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16004171987",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1987-04-17",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Alfonsin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1987-04-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Alfons%C 3%ADn#Tackling_inflation_and_impunity",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Alfonsin’s Gamble: Argentine Chief’s Halt To Army Trials Is a Risk Taken to Curb Discord — He",
   "Seeks Role for a Military Alienated by Prosecution For Killings of Leftists — A Society Profoundly",
   "Split,” by Roger Cohen, May 19, 1987",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Mr. Alfonsin’s Coup,” April 21, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16004171987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Alfonsin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1983-10-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1265,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.82,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Alfons%C3%ADn#Tackling_inflation_and_impunity"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Alfonsin’s Gamble: Argentine Chief’s Halt To Army Trials Is a Risk Taken to Curb Discord — He Seeks Role for a Military Alienated by Prosecution For Killings of Leftists — A Society Profoundly Split,” by Roger Cohen, May 19, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mr. Alfonsin’s Coup,” April 21, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84004181987",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1987-04-18",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1987-04-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino#:~: text=Main%20 article:",
   "%20 January%201987%20 Philippine, to%2012%20 years%20 in%20 prison.",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“COUP ATTEMPTS AGAINST AQUINO,” December 2, 1989",
   "• LA Times",
   "“WORLD IN BRIEF : PHILIPPINES : Officer Gets 12 Years for ’87 Coup Attempt,” February, 14",
   "1987",
   "• The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission - October 1990",
   "https://web.archive.org/web/20210427074538/https://www.official gazette.gov.ph/downloads/",
   "1990/10 oct/199010-Report-Fact-Finding-Commission.pdf"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84004181987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP ATTEMPTS AGAINST AQUINO,” December 2, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WORLD IN BRIEF : PHILIPPINES : Officer Gets 12 Years for ’87 Coup Attempt,” February, 14 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission - October 1990",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210427074538/https://www.official gazette.gov.ph/downloads/1990/10 oct/199010-Report-Fact-Finding-Commission.pdf"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65205101987",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1987-05-10",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Syria on 1987-05-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Failed Coup Plot Reported in Syria,” May 14, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65205101987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Assad H.",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1985-02-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 819,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": 40,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Failed Coup Plot Reported in Syria,” May 14, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "95005141987",
  "country": "Fiji",
  "country_iso3": "FJI",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "1987-05-14",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bavadra",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Fiji on 1987-05-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_coups_of_1987",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” May 27, 1981",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Officer in Fiji Ousts Government, Arrests Senior Aides,” May 14, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -17.7,
  "lng": 178.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "95005141987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-950-1987-05-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Bavadra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1987-04-05",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 39,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_coups_of_1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” May 27, 1981"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Officer in Fiji Ousts Government, Arrests Senior Aides,” May 14, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84008271987",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1987-08-27",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1987-08-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E 2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Major Events in Philippines Coup Attempt,” August 29, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84008271987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-840-1987-08-27-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Major Events in Philippines Coup Attempt,” August 29, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51609031987",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1987-09-03",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bagaza",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1987-09-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bagaza",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987",
   "“BURUNDI PRESENTS ITS SIDE OF STORY,” August 29, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51609031987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1987-09-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Bagaza",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1984-08-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1098,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bagaza"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi’s President is Ousted by the Army,” by Sheila Rule, September 4, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“BURUNDI PRESENTS ITS SIDE OF STORY,” August 29, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "95009281987",
  "country": "Fiji",
  "country_iso3": "FJI",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "1987-09-28",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Rabuka",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Fiji on 1987-09-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_coups_of_1987",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“With ‘God on My Side,’ Coup Leader Attempts to Regain Fiji’s Paradise Lost,” October 23, 1987",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military leader in Fiji Initiates Another Coup,” September 25, 1987",
   "“Leader of Fiji Coup Tightens Grip with Decree on Powers,” October 25, 1987",
   "“Asia: Fiji Leader Loses Election,” May 18, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -17.7,
  "lng": 178.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "95009281987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-950-1987-09-25-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Rabuka",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1987-04-05",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 176,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_coups_of_1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“With ‘God on My Side,’ Coup Leader Attempts to Regain Fiji’s Paradise Lost,” October 23, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military leader in Fiji Initiates Another Coup,” September 25, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Leader of Fiji Coup Tightens Grip with Decree on Powers,” October 25, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Asia: Fiji Leader Loses Election,” May 18, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43910151987",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1987-10-15",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sankara",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1987-10-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sankara",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” October 16, 1987",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burkina Faso Leader Ousted in Coup Led by Chief Advisor,” October 16, 1987",
   "“A friendship Dies in a Bloody Coup,” by James Brooke, October 26, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43910151987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-1987-10-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Sankara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1978-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3427,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 100,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sankara"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” October 16, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Leader Ousted in Coup Led by Chief Advisor,” October 16, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“A friendship Dies in a Bloody Coup,” by James Brooke, October 26, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43510221987",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1987-10-22",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 1987-10-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“50 held for coup bid in Mauritania,” October 31, 1987",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mauritania Detains 50,” October 30, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43510221987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“50 held for coup bid in Mauritania,” October 31, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania Detains 50,” October 30, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61611071987",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1987-11-07",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ben Ali Bourguiba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Tunisia on 1987-11-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Coup is Reported in Tunisia,” November 7, 1987",
   "“Inside,” November 7, 1987",
   "“He Praises the President but Asserts Pluralistic Changes are Needed,” by Paul Delaney, November",
   "8, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61611071987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-616-1987-11-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Ben Ali Bourguiba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Coup is Reported in Tunisia,” November 7, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Inside,” November 7, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“He Praises the President but Asserts Pluralistic Changes are Needed,” by Paul Delaney, November 8, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58111301987",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1987-11-30",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Comoros on 1987-11-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros_(1978%E 2%80%931989)",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup attempt foiled in Comoros Islands,” Paul Webster, December 12, 1987",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD 7 die in uprising cited in ex-colony,” December 12, 1987"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58111301987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1978-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 3326,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Comoros_(1978%E2%80%931989)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt foiled in Comoros Islands,” Paul Webster, December 12, 1987"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD 7 die in uprising cited in ex-colony,” December 12, 1987"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31512181987",
  "country": "Czechoslovakia",
  "country_iso3": "CSK",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1987-12-18",
  "year": 1987,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Husak",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Czechoslovakia on 1987-12-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C 5%A 1_Jake%C 5%A 1",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Husak Steps Down as Prague Leader,” by John Tagliabue, December 18, 1987",
   "“A Pragmatist in Prague,” by John Tagliabue, December 19, 1987",
   "“Bow to Opposition,” by Serge Schemann, November 30, 1989",
   "“Crowd Tops 500,000,” by R.W.Apple, November 26, 1989",
   "Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 49.8,
  "lng": 15.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31512181987",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Husak",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1986-05-23",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 574,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Husak Steps Down as Prague Leader,” by John Tagliabue, December 18, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“A Pragmatist in Prague,” by John Tagliabue, December 19, 1987"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bow to Opposition,” by Serge Schemann, November 30, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Crowd Tops 500,000,” by R.W.Apple, November 26, 1989 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09503161988",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1988-03-16",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Noriega",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1988-03-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Noriega Foils Coup Attempt; Civilians Take to the Streets,” March 17, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09503161988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-95-1988-03-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Noriega",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Noriega Foils Coup Attempt; Civilians Take to the Streets,” March 17, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45003221988",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1988-03-22",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1988-03-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Montreal Gazette",
   "“Mitterand will seek new term,” March 23, 1988",
   "“Salvadoran party pulls out of vote count,” March 31, 1988",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Liberain coup arrests,” March 23, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45003221988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 889,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Montreal Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mitterand will seek new term,” March 23, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salvadoran party pulls out of vote count,” March 31, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberain coup arrests,” March 23, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09005111988",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1988-05-11",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Cerezo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1988-05-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinicio_Cerezo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala’s Civilian Chief Foils a 2 nd Coup Attempt,” May 10, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09005111988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1988-05-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Cerezo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1985-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 885,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinicio_Cerezo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala’s Civilian Chief Foils a 2 nd Coup Attempt,” May 10, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "31005221988",
  "country": "Hungary",
  "country_iso3": "HUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1988-05-22",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Kadar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Hungary on 1988-05-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C 3%A 1 nos_K%C 3%A 1d%C 3%A 1r#Resignation_and_death",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Kadar Said to Face a Tough Challenge for Hungarian Leadership,” by Henry Kamm, May 20, 1988",
   "“Hungarian Party Replaces Kadar with his Premier,” by Henry Kamm, May 23, 1988",
   "“Communist Party in Hungary Votes for Radical Shift,” by Henry Kamm, October 8, 1989",
   "“Hungary Purges Stalinism from its Constitution,” October 19, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.2,
  "lng": 19.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "31005221988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kadar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1985-06-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1079,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r#Resignation_and_death"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kadar Said to Face a Tough Challenge for Hungarian Leadership,” by Henry Kamm, May 20, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Hungarian Party Replaces Kadar with his Premier,” by Henry Kamm, May 23, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Communist Party in Hungary Votes for Radical Shift,” by Henry Kamm, October 8, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Hungary Purges Stalinism from its Constitution,” October 19, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04106201988",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1988-06-20",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Manigat",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1988-06-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Manigat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Civilian President deposed in Haiti by Ex Army Chief,” by Joseph Treaster, June 20 1988",
   "“THE WORLD; Soldiers Draw The Line In Haiti,” September 25, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04106201988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1988-06-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Manigat",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1988-01-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 155,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Manigat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civilian President deposed in Haiti by Ex Army Chief,” by Joseph Treaster, June 20 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“THE WORLD; Soldiers Draw The Line In Haiti,” September 25, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77508121988",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1988-08-12",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Sein Lwin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Myanmar on 1988-08-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sein_Lwin",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burma’s New Chief Quits as President and Party leader,” by Seth Mydans, August 13, 1988",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Chief quits after a week of violence in Burma,” August 13, 1988",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Burma’s president resigns post after five days of fierce rioting,” August 13, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77508121988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sein Lwin",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1041,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sein_Lwin"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burma’s New Chief Quits as President and Party leader,” by Seth Mydans, August 13, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chief quits after a week of violence in Burma,” August 13, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burma’s president resigns post after five days of fierce rioting,” August 13, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04109171988",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1988-09-17",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Namphy",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1988-09-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Avril",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Leader is Ousted in Haiti...” September 18, 1988",
   "“New Haiti Chiefs Charm 3 Backers of Democracy,” September 28, 1988",
   "“Haitians take to the Street Again to Call for Military Ruler’s Ouster,” March 10, 1990",
   "“Protestors Press Haitian Ruler to resign,” March 9, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04109171988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1988-09-18-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Namphy",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1988-01-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 244,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Avril"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Leader is Ousted in Haiti...” September 18, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Haiti Chiefs Charm 3 Backers of Democracy,” September 28, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haitians take to the Street Again to Call for Military Ruler’s Ouster,” March 10, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Protestors Press Haitian Ruler to resign,” March 9, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77509181988",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1988-09-18",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Maung Maung",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Myanmar on 1988-09-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8888_Uprising",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Burma’s military hints at easing reins amid surge in foreign business interest,” November 29, 1994",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burmese Military Officially Takes Reins of Power,” by Seth Mydans, September 19, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77509181988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-775-1988-09-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Maung Maung",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1078,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8888_Uprising"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burma’s military hints at easing reins amid surge in foreign business interest,” November 29, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burmese Military Officially Takes Reins of Power,” by Seth Mydans, September 19, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55110071988",
  "country": "Zambia",
  "country_iso3": "ZMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1988-10-07",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kaunda",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zambia on 1988-10-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Zambia Detains 9 as Rumors Of Coup Plot Fill the Capital,” October 9, 1988",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“ZAMBIA DETAINS 9 OVER COUP PLOT: [NATIONAL, C Edition],” October 9, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.1,
  "lng": 27.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55110071988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kaunda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1983-10-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1807,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zambia Detains 9 as Rumors Of Coup Plot Fill the Capital,” October 9, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“ZAMBIA DETAINS 9 OVER COUP PLOT: [NATIONAL, C Edition],” October 9, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78111031988",
  "country": "Maldives",
  "country_iso3": "MDV",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1988-11-03",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gayoom",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; fled the country",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Maldives on 1988-11-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom",
   "• New York Times",
   "“INDIAN TROOPS END COUP IN MALDIVE,” November 5, 1988",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup d’Etat Attempted In Maldives: Indian Paratroopers Arrive to Thwart Invasion Force,” by",
   "Stuart Auerbach, November 4, 1988",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Maldives coup plot mercenaries kill 2 hostages,” November 6, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.2,
  "lng": 73.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78111031988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gayoom",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1988-09-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 41,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maldives#Gayoom"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“INDIAN TROOPS END COUP IN MALDIVE,” November 5, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup d’Etat Attempted In Maldives: Indian Paratroopers Arrive to Thwart Invasion Force,” by Stuart Auerbach, November 4, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Maldives coup plot mercenaries kill 2 hostages,” November 6, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16012021988",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1988-12-02",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Alfonsin",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1988-12-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Army revolt ‘quelled’ in Argentina,” December 3, 1988",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Rebellion by Soldiers in Argentina Escalates,” December 4, 1988",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Rebel Soldiers Surrender, Ending Argentina Revolt,” December 5, 1988",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Warning From Argentina,” December 7, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16012021988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Alfonsin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1983-10-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1860,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.83,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army revolt ‘quelled’ in Argentina,” December 3, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebellion by Soldiers in Argentina Escalates,” December 4, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Soldiers Surrender, Ending Argentina Revolt,” December 5, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Warning From Argentina,” December 7, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "93512161988",
  "country": "Vanuatu",
  "country_iso3": "VUT",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "1988-12-16",
  "year": 1988,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Lini",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Vanuatu on 1988-12-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“New PM, supporters arrested in Vanuatu,” December 19, 1988",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Disputed president charged in Vanuatu,” December 21, 1988",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Vanuatu President on mutiny charge,” December 22, 1988",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Interim Vanuatu premier arrested,” December 19, 1988",
   "“Rebel President held for inciting Vanuatu mutiny,” December 22, 1988"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -15.4,
  "lng": 166.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "93512161988",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lini",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1987-11-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.7,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New PM, supporters arrested in Vanuatu,” December 19, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Disputed president charged in Vanuatu,” December 21, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Vanuatu President on mutiny charge,” December 22, 1988"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Interim Vanuatu premier arrested,” December 19, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebel President held for inciting Vanuatu mutiny,” December 22, 1988"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15002031989",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1989-02-03",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Stroessner",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1989-02-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner",
   "• New York Times",
   "“PARAGUAY GENERAL LEADS A REBELLION,” February 3, 1989",
   "“Stroessner Flies into Brazil Exile; Election is Promised in three Months,” February 6, 1989",
   "“Paraguay general Wins Conclusively,” by James Brooke, May 3, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15002031989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-150-1989-02-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Stroessner",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1988-02-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 355,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 17,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Stroessner"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PARAGUAY GENERAL LEADS A REBELLION,” February 3, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Stroessner Flies into Brazil Exile; Election is Promised in three Months,” February 6, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Paraguay general Wins Conclusively,” by James Brooke, May 3, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304011989",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1989-04-01",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Habre",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 1989-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Chad arrests official,” April 6, 1989",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Chad Coup said to fail,” April 6, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304011989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-1989-04-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Habre",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad arrests official,” April 6, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Coup said to fail,” April 6, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04104021989",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1989-04-02",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Avril",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1989-04-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“HOLD OUT IN HAITI: Day After Attempted Coup, Some Gunfire Is Reported and Airport Is",
   "Blocked,” April 4, 1989",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“WORLD NEWS: Avril Faces 2 nd Revolt In Haiti, General Declares Emergency, Curfew,” April 6,",
   "1989 “Coup Leaders Deported From Haiti: Avril Government Said Once Again Firmly in Control-of",
   "Nation,” April 5, 1989",
   "• The Windsor Star",
   "“Haiti contains second revolt: [FINAL Edition],” April 6, 1989",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Haiti’s Avril Clings to Power, Hopes for Essential US Aid: HAITI,” April 6, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04104021989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1989-04-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Avril",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1988-01-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 441,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HOLD OUT IN HAITI: Day After Attempted Coup, Some Gunfire Is Reported and Airport Is Blocked,” April 4, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WORLD NEWS: Avril Faces 2 nd Revolt In Haiti, General Declares Emergency, Curfew,” April 6, 1989 “Coup Leaders Deported From Haiti: Avril Government Said Once Again Firmly in Control-of Nation,” April 5, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Windsor Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti contains second revolt: [FINAL Edition],” April 6, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s Avril Clings to Power, Hopes for Essential US Aid: HAITI,” April 6, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04104051989",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1989-04-05",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Avril",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1989-04-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti Says ’Certain Officers’ Tried To Topple the Avril Government,” April 3, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04104051989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1989-04-05-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Avril",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1988-01-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 444,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 25,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Says ’Certain Officers’ Tried To Topple the Avril Government,” April 3, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09005091989",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1989-05-09",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Cerezo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1989-05-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinicio_Cer",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala’s Civilian Chief Foils a 2 nd Coup Attempt,” May 10, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09005091989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1989-05-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Cerezo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1985-12-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1248,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinicio_Cer"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala’s Civilian Chief Foils a 2 nd Coup Attempt,” May 10, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53005161989",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1989-05-16",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mengistu Marriam",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 1989-05-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengistu",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Ethiopian Coup Said to Be Put Down in Capital,” by Blaine Harden, May 18, 1989",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ethiopian leader says coup failed,” May 19, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53005161989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-530-1989-05-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Mengistu Marriam",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1987-09-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 614,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 400,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengistu"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian Coup Said to Be Put Down in Capital,” by Blaine Harden, May 18, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian leader says coup failed,” May 19, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62506301989",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1989-06-30",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Mirghani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1989-06-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup in Sudan Ousts Civilian regime,” by Alan Cowell, July 1, 1989",
   "“Sudan Chief Says He Won’t Change Aid or Politics,” October 5, 1990",
   "“Sudan Holding Election That Some Call a Charade,” by James McKinley, March 11, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "arrests",
   "media_seizure",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "62506301989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-1989-06-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Mirghani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1186,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup in Sudan Ousts Civilian regime,” by Alan Cowell, July 1, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Chief Says He Won’t Change Aid or Politics,” October 5, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Holding Election That Some Call a Charade,” by James McKinley, March 11, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58007241989",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1989-07-24",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Madagascar on 1989-07-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Madagascar coup fails,” July 25, 1989",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Madagascar coup leaders held,” July 25, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58007241989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-03-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 134,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar coup fails,” July 25, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar coup leaders held,” July 25, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09510031989",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1989-10-03",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Noriega",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; arrested or jailed; tried; exiled",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Panama on 1989-10-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; arrested or jailed; tried; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_panama",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Big Stick: Panama Raid by U.S. Topples Gen. Noriega But Raises Questions — Escape of Dictator",
   "Himself And Reports of Hostages May Cause Bush Trouble — Military Secures the Canal,” December",
   "21, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09510031989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-95-1989-10-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Noriega",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 149,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_panama"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Big Stick: Panama Raid by U.S. Topples Gen. Noriega But Raises Questions — Escape of Dictator Himself And Reports of Hostages May Cause Bush Trouble — Military Secures the Canal,” December 21, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "26510181989",
  "country": "German Democratic Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DDR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1989-10-18",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Honecker",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in German Democratic Republic on 1989-10-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Honecke",
   "• New York Times",
   "“East Germany Removes Honecker And His Prot´eg´e takes his place,” by serge schema nn, October 19,",
   "1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 52.1,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "26510181989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Honecker",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1986-06-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1228,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Honecke"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“East Germany Removes Honecker And His Prot´eg´e takes his place,” by serge schema nn, October 19, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35511101989",
  "country": "Bulgaria",
  "country_iso3": "BGR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1989-11-10",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Zhivkov",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Bulgaria on 1989-11-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhivkov",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bulgarian Chief Quits After 35 Years of Rigid Rule,” by Clyde Haberman, November 11, 1989",
   "“Shake up in Bulgaria Brings Cautious Optimism,” by Clyde Haberman, November 12, 1989",
   "“Bulgarians Oust Old Guard as a Step to Political Change,” by Clyde Haberman, November 17, 1989",
   "“Bulgarian Socialist Offices Are Stormed By Protesters;‘Mafia!’ an angry crowd shouts at the renovated",
   "Communists,” by Chuck Sudetic, August 27, 1990",
   "• BBC",
   "“Resignation of Petur Mladenov Student Reaction,” July 10, 1990",
   "“New Bulgarian President elected, Parliament Dissolved,” April 4, 1990",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Mladenov Elected President, June Vote Set, Communist Party Renamed,” April 3, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.7,
  "lng": 25.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35511101989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zhivkov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1986-06-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1251,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhivkov"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bulgarian Chief Quits After 35 Years of Rigid Rule,” by Clyde Haberman, November 11, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Shake up in Bulgaria Brings Cautious Optimism,” by Clyde Haberman, November 12, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bulgarians Oust Old Guard as a Step to Political Change,” by Clyde Haberman, November 17, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bulgarian Socialist Offices Are Stormed By Protesters;‘Mafia!’ an angry crowd shouts at the renovated Communists,” by Chuck Sudetic, August 27, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Resignation of Petur Mladenov Student Reaction,” July 10, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“New Bulgarian President elected, Parliament Dissolved,” April 4, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mladenov Elected President, June Vote Set, Communist Party Renamed,” April 3, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58111261989",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1989-11-26",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Comoros on 1989-11-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haribon_Chebani",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Comoros’ President Slain,” November 27, 1989",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Comoro Islands’ Leader Shot to Death,” November 28, 1989",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“President of Indian Ocean Nation Assassinated,” November 28, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58111261989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1989-11-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1989-11-05",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 21,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haribon_Chebani"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoros’ President Slain,” November 27, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoro Islands’ Leader Shot to Death,” November 28, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Indian Ocean Nation Assassinated,” November 28, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84012011989",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1989-12-01",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1989-12-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E 2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts",
   "• New York Times",
   "“AQUINO’S FORCES SEEM TO PREVAIL IN MANILA BATTLE,” December 2, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84012011989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-840-1989-12-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AQUINO’S FORCES SEEM TO PREVAIL IN MANILA BATTLE,” December 2, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "26512031989",
  "country": "German Democratic Republic",
  "country_iso3": "DDR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "1989-12-03",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Krenz",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in German Democratic Republic on 1989-12-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Krenz",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“East German Political Leaders Resign,” by Timothy Aeppel, December 4, 1989",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Lawyer Nominated as Party Chief Defended East German Opposition,” by Craig R. Whitney, De-",
   "cember 9, 1989",
   "“As the East Germans Vote Today, they Choose for Europe as Well,” by Henry Kamm, March 18,",
   "1990",
   "“On New Era’s Eve, Berlin Rejoices,” by John Tagliabue, October 3, 1990",
   "German Federal Republic"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 52.1,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "26512031989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Krenz",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1986-06-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1274,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Krenz"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“East German Political Leaders Resign,” by Timothy Aeppel, December 4, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lawyer Nominated as Party Chief Defended East German Opposition,” by Craig R. Whitney, December 9, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“As the East Germans Vote Today, they Choose for Europe as Well,” by Henry Kamm, March 18, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“On New Era’s Eve, Berlin Rejoices,” by John Tagliabue, October 3, 1990 German Federal Republic"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09512211989",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1989-12-21",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Noriega",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Panama on 1989-12-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_panama",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Big Stick: Panama Raid by U.S. Topples Gen. Noriega But Raises Questions — Escape of Dictator",
   "Himself And Reports of Hostages May Cause Bush Trouble — Military Secures the Canal,” December",
   "21, 1989",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“PANAMA INVASION Man U.S. named president won vote, observers say,” December 21, 1989",
   "• Vancouver Sun",
   "“Noriega eludes U.S. troops: DEATHS REPORTED IN PANAMA ATTACK,” December 20, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09512211989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Noriega",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 228,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_panama"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Big Stick: Panama Raid by U.S. Topples Gen. Noriega But Raises Questions — Escape of Dictator Himself And Reports of Hostages May Cause Bush Trouble — Military Secures the Canal,” December 21, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PANAMA INVASION Man U.S. named president won vote, observers say,” December 21, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Vancouver Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Noriega eludes U.S. troops: DEATHS REPORTED IN PANAMA ATTACK,” December 20, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36012251989",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1989-12-25",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ceausescu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed; arrested or jailed; tried",
  "description": "Military coup in Romania on 1989-12-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed; arrested or jailed; tried.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C 8%99 escu#Overthrow",
   "• New York Times",
   "“At Least 13 are Reported Killed at Protest in Rumania’s Capital,” by David Binders, December 22,",
   "1989",
   "“Rumania Since the 1940’s,” December 22, 1989",
   "“Bucharest Battle: Provisional Government Formed-Thousands of Bodies Formed,” by David Binder,",
   "December 23, 1989",
   "“UPHEAVAL IN THE EAST: The Overview; Rumanian Army Gains In Capital But Battle Goes On,”",
   "December 25, 1989",
   "“Choosing a Romanian leader,” May 20, 1990",
   "“Miners’ Rally in Romania Stirs Riots,” September 26, 1991",
   "“Prime Mnister of Romania Steps Down,” September 27, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": [
   "popular_mobilization",
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 4,
  "cline_id": "36012251989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-360-1989-12-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Ceausescu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1985-03-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1744,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu#Overthrow"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“At Least 13 are Reported Killed at Protest in Rumania’s Capital,” by David Binders, December 22, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rumania Since the 1940’s,” December 22, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bucharest Battle: Provisional Government Formed-Thousands of Bodies Formed,” by David Binder, December 23, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“UPHEAVAL IN THE EAST: The Overview; Rumanian Army Gains In Capital But Battle Goes On,” December 25, 1989"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Choosing a Romanian leader,” May 20, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Miners’ Rally in Romania Stirs Riots,” September 26, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Prime Mnister of Romania Steps Down,” September 27, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43912251989",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1989-12-25",
  "year": 1989,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Campaore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 1989-12-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burkina Faso Leaders Foil Revolt,” December 26, 1989",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD Burkina Faso foils coup attempt,” December 26, 1989"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43912251989",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Campaore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Leaders Foil Revolt,” December 26, 1989"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD Burkina Faso foils coup attempt,” December 26, 1989"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57002191990",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1990-02-19",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Lesotho on 1990-02-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Lesotho Strips King of Power,” February 22, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57002191990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho Strips King of Power,” February 22, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84003041990",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1990-03-04",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Philippines on 1990-03-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E 2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide: Officials in the Philippines,” March 5, 1990",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Ousted governor threatens Aquino,” March 5, 1990",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Get rebel governor ‘at all costs’ Aquino orders Philippine troops,” March 6, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84003041990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide: Officials in the Philippines,” March 5, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ousted governor threatens Aquino,” March 5, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Get rebel governor ‘at all costs’ Aquino orders Philippine troops,” March 6, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70003061990",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1990-03-06",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Najibullah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Afghanistan on 1990-03-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahnawaz_Tanai",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Wily Political Survivor, Dead at the End of a Rope,” by Wolfgang Saxon, September 28, 1996",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Afghan Leader Says He Crushes Coup Bid: Defense Minister, Guerrilla Leader Accused,” March 7,",
   "1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70003061990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-700-1990-03-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Najibullah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1988-04-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 699,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahnawaz_Tanai"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Wily Political Survivor, Dead at the End of a Rope,” by Wolfgang Saxon, September 28, 1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Afghan Leader Says He Crushes Coup Bid: Defense Minister, Guerrilla Leader Accused,” March 7, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04103101990",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1990-03-10",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Avril",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Haiti on 1990-03-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C 3%A 9 rard_Abraham",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haitians take to the Street Again to Call for Military Ruler’s Ouster,” March 10, 1990",
   "“Protestors Press Haitian Ruler to resign,” March 9, 1990",
   "“Military Leader of Haiti Resigns: Election promised,” March 11, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04103101990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Avril",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1988-01-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 783,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9rard_Abraham"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haitians take to the Street Again to Call for Military Ruler’s Ouster,” March 10, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Protestors Press Haitian Ruler to resign,” March 9, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military Leader of Haiti Resigns: Election promised,” March 11, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "71203121990",
  "country": "Mongolia",
  "country_iso3": "MNG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1990-03-12",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Batmonkh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Mongolia on 1990-03-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia No link.",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mongolia Ousts Leaders and Ends Communists’ Monopoly on Power,” by Nicholas D.Kristof, March",
   "15, 1990",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“NEWS INDEX TUESDAY, MARCH 13, 1990 Federal Pioneer takeover,” March 13,1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 46.9,
  "lng": 103.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "71203121990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Batmonkh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1986-06-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1359,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia No link.",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mongolia Ousts Leaders and Ends Communists’ Monopoly on Power,” by Nicholas D.Kristof, March 15, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEWS INDEX TUESDAY, MARCH 13, 1990 Federal Pioneer takeover,” March 13,1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "91003141990",
  "country": "Papua New Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "PNG",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "1990-03-14",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Namaliu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Papua New Guinea on 1990-03-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikpedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bougainville",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup attempt reported in Papua New Guinea,” March 15, 1990",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Papua New Guinea coup bid fails,” March 16, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.3,
  "lng": 143.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "91003141990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-910-1990-03-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Namaliu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1987-06-13",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1005,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikpedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bougainville"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD Coup attempt reported in Papua New Guinea,” March 15, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Papua New Guinea coup bid fails,” March 16, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62503291990",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1990-03-29",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1990-03-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” April 25, 1990",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Plot to stage coup thwarted, Sudan says,” March 29, 1990",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Sudan junta quashes uprising by officers,” April 24, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62503291990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1458,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” April 25, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to stage coup thwarted, Sudan says,” March 29, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan junta quashes uprising by officers,” April 24, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47504221990",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1990-04-22",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Babangida",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1990-04-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria Reports It Foiled a Coup By Army Rebels: Nigeria Reports It Has Foiled An Attempted",
   "Coup,” by Kenneth Noble, April 23, 1990",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Nigeria Will Cut Interest Payments; Coup Bid Fails,” April 23, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47504221990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1990-04-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Babangida",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1983-08-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2451,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Reports It Foiled a Coup By Army Rebels: Nigeria Reports It Has Foiled An Attempted Coup,” by Kenneth Noble, April 23, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Will Cut Interest Payments; Coup Bid Fails,” April 23, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62504231990",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1990-04-23",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1990-04-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” April 25, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62504231990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1483,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 31,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” April 25, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58005131990",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1990-05-13",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Madagascar on 1990-05-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“3 Killed in Madagascar in Attempted Coup,” May 14, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58005131990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-580-1990-05-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Ratsiraka",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-03-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 427,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 35,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3 Killed in Madagascar in Attempted Coup,” May 14, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55106301990",
  "country": "Zambia",
  "country_iso3": "ZMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1990-06-30",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kaunda",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zambia on 1990-06-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Foiled Against Zambian Leader: Kaunda’s Overthrow Broadcast by Soldier,” July 1,",
   "1990",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Zambia quashes coup attempt,” June 30, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.1,
  "lng": 27.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55106301990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-551-1990-06-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Kaunda",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1988-10-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 612,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Foiled Against Zambian Leader: Kaunda’s Overthrow Broadcast by Soldier,” July 1, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zambia quashes coup attempt,” June 30, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "05207271990",
  "country": "Trinidad and Tobago",
  "country_iso3": "TTO",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1990-07-27",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Robinson",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Trinidad and Tobago on 1990-07-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen_coup_attempt",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Trinidad Rebels Ask For Plane: Coup Plotters Seek Flight to Libya, Threaten Hostages,” by Peter",
   "Zollman, July 29, 1990",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Rebels in Trinidad coup seek to flee,” July 29, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 10.7,
  "lng": -61.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "05207271990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Robinson",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1986-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1320,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": 30,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trinidad Rebels Ask For Plane: Coup Plotters Seek Flight to Libya, Threaten Hostages,” by Peter Zollman, July 29, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Trinidad coup seek to flee,” July 29, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73208211990",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "1990-08-21",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Roh Tae Woo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 1990-08-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Ottawa Citizen",
   "“South Korea arrests 48 as plotters,” August 22, 1990",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“WORLD IN BRIEF 48 arrested in Seoul,” August 23, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "73208211990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Roh Tae Woo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 979,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.65,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Korea arrests 48 as plotters,” August 22, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WORLD IN BRIEF 48 arrested in Seoul,” August 23, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45009091990",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1990-09-09",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Doe",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Liberia on 1990-09-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Doe",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Liberian president captured by rebels,” September 10, 1990",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Trappings of Comic Opera Masked Doe’s Ruthlessness: Liberia: The president reportedly died in",
   "rebels’ custody. His 10-year rule leaves the nation in ruins,” by Michael Hiltzik, September 11, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45009091990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Doe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1790,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Doe"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberian president captured by rebels,” September 10, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trappings of Comic Opera Masked Doe’s Ruthlessness: Liberia: The president reportedly died in rebels’ custody. His 10-year rule leaves the nation in ruins,” by Michael Hiltzik, September 11, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62509121990",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1990-09-12",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1990-09-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Middle East Contemporary Survey 1990",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Coup try reported in Sudan:[Final Edition],” September 23, 1990",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Sudanese junta leaders ’crush coup plotters’,” September 22, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62509121990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1625,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Middle East Contemporary Survey 1990",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup try reported in Sudan:[Final Edition],” September 23, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudanese junta leaders ’crush coup plotters’,” September 22, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84010041990",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1990-10-04",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aquino",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 1990-10-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E 2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebel Leader Surrenders in Philippines,” October 6, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84010041990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aquino",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1987-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%E2%80%931987_Philippine_coup_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Leader Surrenders in Philippines,” October 6, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09510161990",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1990-10-16",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Endara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1990-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Panama says it foiled coup attempt: Ex-security chief called plot leader,” October 19, 1990",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD: [Final Edition],” October 19, 1990",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“News in brief: Panama coup plot uncovered,” October 19, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09510161990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Endara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 527,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama says it foiled coup attempt: Ex-security chief called plot leader,” October 19, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD: [Final Edition],” October 19, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“News in brief: Panama coup plot uncovered,” October 19, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57011121990",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1990-11-12",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Lesotho on 1990-11-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Metsing_Lekhanya",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo Shoe Shoe_II_of_Lesotho",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsie_III_of_Lesotho",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“New King gives pretoria tighter grip on Lesotho,” November 14, 1990",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Civilian Jubilation Greets New King,” November 13, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57011121990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Metsing_Lekhanya"
     },
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo Shoe Shoe_II_of_Lesotho"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsie_III_of_Lesotho"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New King gives pretoria tighter grip on Lesotho,” November 14, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civilian Jubilation Greets New King,” November 13, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45011221990",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1990-11-22",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Liberia on 1990-11-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Sawyer",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Liberian Factions Gather to Start Peace Talks,” by Kenneth B. Noble, November 27, 1990",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Liberia Says Enough is Enough: Apparent cease-fire opens up the possibility of national reconstruc-",
   "tion,” November 29, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45011221990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1864,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Sawyer"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberian Factions Gather to Start Peace Talks,” by Kenneth B. Noble, November 27, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberia Says Enough is Enough: Apparent cease-fire opens up the possibility of national reconstruction,” November 29, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48312021990",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1990-12-02",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Habre",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Chad on 1990-12-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idriss_D%C 3%A 9b",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing (Foreign Desk),” January 28, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48312021990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Habre",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 357,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 5000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9b"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing (Foreign Desk),” January 28, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "16012031990",
  "country": "Argentina",
  "country_iso3": "ARG",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1990-12-03",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Menem",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Argentina on 1990-12-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Al%C 3%AD_Seineld%C 3%ADn",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Third attempt by former colonels ends as troops surrender: ARGENTINA,” By John Barham, De-",
   "cember 4, 1990",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Menem to treat rebellion as an attempted coup,” by Ian Katz, December 5, 1990"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -38.4,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "16012031990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Menem",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 568,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.83,
  "deaths": 21,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Al%C3%AD_Seineld%C3%ADn"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Third attempt by former colonels ends as troops surrender: ARGENTINA,” By John Barham, December 4, 1990"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Menem to treat rebellion as an attempted coup,” by Ian Katz, December 5, 1990"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09512051990",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1990-12-05",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Endara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1990-12-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels Are Posing Threat in Panama,” January 21, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09512051990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Endara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 577,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Are Posing Threat in Panama,” January 21, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77112061990",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1990-12-06",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Ershad",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Bangladesh on 1990-12-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad#Later_political_caree",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh Picks an Interim leader,” December 6, 1990",
   "“Bangladesh Hopes Vote Will Exorcise Violent Past,” by John F. Burns, June 12, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77112061990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ershad",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1513,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad#Later_political_caree"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Picks an Interim leader,” December 6, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Hopes Vote Will Exorcise Violent Past,” by John F. Burns, June 12, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "11512241990",
  "country": "Surinam",
  "country_iso3": "SUR",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1990-12-24",
  "year": 1990,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Shankar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Surinam on 1990-12-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsewak_Shankar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Suriname Military Asserts on TV It has taken over,” December 25, 1990",
   "“Coup Leader in Suriname Promises to Yield Power within 100 days,” December 26, 1990",
   "“Dutch Court Orders an Investigation of ’82 Killings in Suriname,” November 26, 2000",
   "• The Economist",
   "“World politics and current affairs,” January 5, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.9,
  "lng": -56,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "11512241990",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-115-1990-12-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Shankar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1987-11-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1125,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.72,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsewak_Shankar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Suriname Military Asserts on TV It has taken over,” December 25, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup Leader in Suriname Promises to Yield Power within 100 days,” December 26, 1990"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dutch Court Orders an Investigation of ’82 Killings in Suriname,” November 26, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World politics and current affairs,” January 5, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04101061991",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1991-01-06",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Pascal-Troillet",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1991-01-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” July 30, 1991",
   "• Milan",
   "www.geocites.com/enrique aram buru/CON/col 3.html"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04101061991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1991-01-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Pascal-Troillet",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1990-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 21,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” July 30, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "www.geocites.com/enrique aram buru/CON/col 3.html"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52201081991",
  "country": "Djibouti",
  "country_iso3": "DJI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1991-01-08",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gouled Aptidon",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Djibouti on 1991-01-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New African",
   "“COUP PILOT IN DJIBOUTI,” March 1991",
   "• The Annual Register. Volume 233. A Record of World Events 1991, by Day, Alan J (ed.), pp 251-252"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": 42.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52201081991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gouled Aptidon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1987-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1355,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New African",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP PILOT IN DJIBOUTI,” March 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Annual Register. Volume 233. A Record of World Events 1991, by Day, Alan J (ed.), pp 251-252",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52001261991",
  "country": "Somalia",
  "country_iso3": "SOM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1991-01-26",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Somalia on 1991-01-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre#Rebellion_and_ouster",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Insurgents Claiming Victory in Somalia,” by Jane Perlez, January 28, 1991",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup in Somalia, Barre flees,” January 28, 1991",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Durable coup leader’s luck runs out after 21 years of minority clan rule,” January 29, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 5.2,
  "lng": 46.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52001261991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Siad Barre",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1495,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre#Rebellion_and_ouster"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Insurgents Claiming Victory in Somalia,” by Jane Perlez, January 28, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Somalia, Barre flees,” January 28, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Durable coup leader’s luck runs out after 21 years of minority clan rule,” January 29, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80002231991",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1991-02-23",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Choonhavan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 1991-02-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunthorn_Kong Som Pong",
   "• New York Times",
   "“New Thai Prime Minister,” August 5, 1988",
   "“Thai Military Overthrows Government,” February 24, 1991",
   "“Thai Officers Say they’ll Try to Set Vote Within 6 Months,” by Steven Erlanger, February 25, 1991",
   "“Thai Army Pledges Government Too Soon,” by Steven Erlanger, February 26, 1991",
   "“The World; In Thailand’s Coup, A Familiar Regional Variation on Democracy,” March 3, 1991",
   "“Military and Interim officials Steer Thailand,” by Steven Erlanger, March 8, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "80002231991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-1991-02-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Choonhavan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1988-07-24",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 944,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunthorn_Kong Som Pong"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“New Thai Prime Minister,” August 5, 1988"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Military Overthrows Government,” February 24, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Officers Say they’ll Try to Set Vote Within 6 Months,” by Steven Erlanger, February 25, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Thai Army Pledges Government Too Soon,” by Steven Erlanger, February 26, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“The World; In Thailand’s Coup, A Familiar Regional Variation on Democracy,” March 3, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military and Interim officials Steer Thailand,” by Steven Erlanger, March 8, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43203261991",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-03-26",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 1991-03-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Mali Reported Arrested,” March 26, 1991",
   "“Mali’s Dictator is Overthrown in Coup,” March 27, 1991",
   "“Coup leaders in Mali Agree to Share Power,” March 31, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43203261991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-1991-03-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1985-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2116,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Mali Reported Arrested,” March 26, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mali’s Dictator is Overthrown in Coup,” March 27, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Coup leaders in Mali Agree to Share Power,” March 31, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57004301991",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1991-04-30",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Lesotho on 1991-04-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Lekhanya",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [2],” May 2, 1991",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Lesotho’s Military leader Ousted by Army Officers,” by Christopher S.Wren, May 1, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57004301991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-570-1991-04-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Lekhanya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Lekhanya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [2],” May 2, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho’s Military leader Ousted by Army Officers,” by Christopher S.Wren, May 1, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53005211991",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1991-05-21",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Mengistu Marriam",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Ethiopia on 1991-05-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengistu",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ethiopia’s Dictator Flees; Officials Seeking U.S. Help,” May 22, 1991",
   "• Calgary Herald",
   "“Only a matter of time before Ethiopian tyrant fell,” by Jonathan Manthorpe, May 22, 1991",
   "• Los Angles Times",
   "“Ethiopia’s President Mengistu Resigns, Flees,” by Michael Hiltzik, May 22, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53005211991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mengistu Marriam",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1987-09-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1349,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengistu"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia’s Dictator Flees; Officials Seeking U.S. Help,” May 22, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Calgary Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Only a matter of time before Ethiopian tyrant fell,” by Jonathan Manthorpe, May 22, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia’s President Mengistu Resigns, Flees,” by Michael Hiltzik, May 22, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61605221991",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1991-05-22",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Zine Al-Abidine Ben Ali",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Tunisia on 1991-05-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Tunisia Arrests 300 Muslims, Charging Plot to stage coup,” May 23, 1991",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mass arrest of Muslim ’plotters’ in Tunisia,” May 23, 1991",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Arrests in Tunisia,” May 23, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61605221991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zine Al-Abidine Ben Ali",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1989-04-02",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 780,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tunisia Arrests 300 Muslims, Charging Plot to stage coup,” May 23, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mass arrest of Muslim ’plotters’ in Tunisia,” May 23, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrests in Tunisia,” May 23, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53005271991",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1991-05-27",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Gebre Kidan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Ethiopia on 1991-05-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesfaye_Gebre_Kidan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ethiopian Rebels Storm the Capital and Seize Control,” by Clifford Krauss, May 28, 1991",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Gunfire Puts Down Protests; Two Killed in Second Day of Demonstrations Against Rebel Leaders,”",
   "May 31, 1991",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Ethiopian Rebels Fire On Protesters Residents Of Add Is Ababa See Change As Au.S.sell out of mengistu’s",
   "regime,” May 31, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53005271991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gebre Kidan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1987-09-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1355,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesfaye_Gebre_Kidan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian Rebels Storm the Capital and Seize Control,” by Clifford Krauss, May 28, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gunfire Puts Down Protests; Two Killed in Second Day of Demonstrations Against Rebel Leaders,” May 31, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopian Rebels Fire On Protesters Residents Of Add Is Ababa See Change As Au.S.sell out of mengistu’s regime,” May 31, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61506061991",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1991-06-06",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Benjedid",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Algeria on 1991-06-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Islamique_du_Salut",
   "• WSJ",
   "“World-Wide: Algerian Soldiers and Tanks Surrounded,” June 6, 1991",
   "• The Sun",
   "“Algeria quiet under state of siege,” June 6, 1991",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Algeria Imposes a Curfew And Promises to Use Force,” June 7, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61506061991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Benjedid",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1989-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Islamique_du_Salut"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "WSJ",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide: Algerian Soldiers and Tanks Surrounded,” June 6, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria quiet under state of siege,” June 6, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria Imposes a Curfew And Promises to Use Force,” June 7, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "54106241991",
  "country": "Mozambique",
  "country_iso3": "MOZ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1991-06-24",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Chissano",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mozambique on 1991-06-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mozambique withholds names of detainees after failed coup plot,” June 25, 1991",
   "“War hero led coup plot, says Maputo,” June 29, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.7,
  "lng": 35.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "54106241991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Chissano",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mozambique withholds names of detainees after failed coup plot,” June 25, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“War hero led coup plot, says Maputo,” June 29, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43207141991",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-07-14",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Amadou Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 1991-07-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide: A Coup Attempt Was Thwarted,” July 16, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43207141991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-1991-07-14-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Amadou Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1985-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2226,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide: A Coup Attempt Was Thwarted,” July 16, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43707231991",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-07-23",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Houphouet-Boigny",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 1991-07-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Coup foiled in Ivory Coast: [FIN Edition],” July 31, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43707231991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Houphouet-Boigny",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1990-10-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 268,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Ivory Coast: [FIN Edition],” July 31, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36508211991",
  "country": "USSR",
  "country_iso3": "SUN",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1991-08-21",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Gorbachev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in USSR on 1991-08-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev#The_August_1991_coup",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Text of Resolution Ousting Gorbachev as Soviet Leader,” August 20, 1991",
   "“This Way Out; Yeltsin Leads A Bold Move To Replace The Soviet Union,” December 15 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 61.5,
  "lng": 105.3,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "duration_days": 3,
  "cline_id": "36508211991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-365-1991-08-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Gorbachev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1991-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 70,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev#The_August_1991_coup"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Text of Resolution Ousting Gorbachev as Soviet Leader,” August 20, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“This Way Out; Yeltsin Leads A Bold Move To Replace The Soviet Union,” December 15 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62508231991",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1991-08-23",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1991-08-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup bid foiled in Sudan,” August 24, 1991",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“World in Brief Sudan plot uncovered,” August 24, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62508231991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1970,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid foiled in Sudan,” August 24, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World in Brief Sudan plot uncovered,” August 24, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46108261991",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-08-26",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1991-08-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnassingb%C 3%A 9_Eyad%C 3%A 9 ma",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: Struggle for power in Togo,” August 28, 1991",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” August 29, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46108261991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1709,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: Struggle for power in Togo,” August 28, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” August 29, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70209231991",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1991-09-23",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kadreddin Aslonov",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Tajikistan on 1991-09-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadriddin_Aslonov",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Tadzhik Republic Ousts President,” by Francis X. Clines, September 24, 1991",
   "“Pro-Communist Tadzhikistan Leader Quits,” October 7, 1991",
   "“After week of turmoil, Tajik President is Forced Out,” by Steven Erlanger, September 8, 1992",
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Protestors Demand Resignation of hardline Tadzhik Leader,” September 25, 1991",
   "“Tadzhikistan opposition threatens general strike,” September 26, 1991",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Longtime Communist Elected President of Tadzhikistan,” November 25, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70209231991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kadreddin Aslonov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1990-02-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 575,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadriddin_Aslonov"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tadzhik Republic Ousts President,” by Francis X. Clines, September 24, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Pro-Communist Tadzhikistan Leader Quits,” October 7, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After week of turmoil, Tajik President is Forced Out,” by Steven Erlanger, September 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protestors Demand Resignation of hardline Tadzhik Leader,” September 25, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Tadzhikistan opposition threatens general strike,” September 26, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Longtime Communist Elected President of Tadzhikistan,” November 25, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04109301991",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1991-09-30",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Aristide",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Haiti on 1991-09-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide#1991_coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haiti’s Military Assumes Power After Troops Arrest the President,” October 1, 1991",
   "“Cedras will step Down Today: Haitian Military officals say...,” by Larry Rohter, October 10, 1994",
   "“MISSION TO HAITI: WELCOME; Joyous Haitians Decorate The Capital For Aristide,” October 15,",
   "1994 www.infoplease.com/ce 6/world/A 0858544.html"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "04109301991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-41-1991-09-30-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Aristide",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1990-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 288,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": 26,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s Military Assumes Power After Troops Arrest the President,” October 1, 1991"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cedras will step Down Today: Haitian Military officals say...,” by Larry Rohter, October 10, 1994"
     },
     {
      "text": "“MISSION TO HAITI: WELCOME; Joyous Haitians Decorate The Capital For Aristide,” October 15, 1994 www.infoplease.com/ce 6/world/A 0858544.html"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36010011991",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1991-10-01",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Roman",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Romania on 1991-10-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1991_Mineriad",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Riots part of coup plot, Romanians are told Allegations expected to launch witch hunt against Com-",
   "munist Leaders,” October 1 1991",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: Coup claim adds to Romania chaos,” by Alec Russell, October 1, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36010011991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Roman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1990-05-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 499,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.52,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1991_Mineriad"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Riots part of coup plot, Romanians are told Allegations expected to launch witch hunt against Communist Leaders,” October 1 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: Coup claim adds to Romania chaos,” by Alec Russell, October 1, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46110011991",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-10-01",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1991-10-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Coup attempt by rebel troops in Togo fails: [FINAL Edition],” October 2, 1991",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: Coup attempt halted by Togo’s ex-leader,” October 2, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46110011991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-461-1991-10-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1745,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt by rebel troops in Togo fails: [FINAL Edition],” October 2, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: Coup attempt halted by Togo’s ex-leader,” October 2, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09510081991",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1991-10-08",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Endara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Panama on 1991-10-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• El Tiempo",
   "“PANAMA REVELATES HITCH PLAN,” October 19, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09510081991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Endara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 884,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.48,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "El Tiempo",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PANAMA REVELATES HITCH PLAN,” October 19, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46110081991",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-10-08",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1991-10-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne (7 October 1991)",
   "• New York Times",
   "“4 Killed After Rebel Troops Fail to Kidnap Togo Premier,” October 9, 1991",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Violence Erupts In Togo’s Capital,” October 9, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46110081991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-461-1991-10-07-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1752,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne (7 October 1991)",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“4 Killed After Rebel Troops Fail to Kidnap Togo Premier,” October 9, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Violence Erupts In Togo’s Capital,” October 9, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48310131991",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1991-10-13",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 1991-10-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: 28 killed in plot to oust Chad president,” October 15, 1991",
   "• University of Central Arkansas Website",
   "http://uca.edu/political science/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/72-chad-1960-present/"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48310131991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-1991-10-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 672,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.12,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: 28 killed in plot to oust Chad president,” October 15, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "University of Central Arkansas Website",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "http://uca.edu/political science/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/72-chad-1960-present/"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46111281991",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-11-28",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1991-11-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Soldiers abandon coup bid in Togo,” December 1, 1991",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Up to 50 killed as Togolese troops overthrow regime,” November 29, 1991"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46111281991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-461-1991-11-28-3",
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1803,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers abandon coup bid in Togo,” December 1, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Up to 50 killed as Togolese troops overthrow regime,” November 29, 1991"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46112031991",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1991-12-03",
  "year": 1991,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 1991-12-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Togo leader offering to share power: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL, C Edition],” December 3, 1991",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Togo Leader Adds to Cabinet to End Crisis,” January 1, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46112031991",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1808,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": 17,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo leader offering to share power: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL, C Edition],” December 3, 1991"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo Leader Adds to Cabinet to End Crisis,” January 1, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37201061992",
  "country": "Georgia",
  "country_iso3": "GEO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1992-01-06",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Gamsakhurdia",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Georgia on 1992-01-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia#Coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [2],” January 7, 1992",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Georgians Create Powerful Presidency, Elect Gamsakhurdia,” April 15, 1992",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Rebel ultimatum to Gamsakhurdia,” January 3, 1992",
   "• United Press International",
   "“Georgian President Flees, Opposition In Control,” January 6, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.3,
  "lng": 43.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37201061992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gamsakhurdia",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-05-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 225,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [2],” January 7, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Georgians Create Powerful Presidency, Elect Gamsakhurdia,” April 15, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel ultimatum to Gamsakhurdia,” January 3, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "United Press International",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Georgian President Flees, Opposition In Control,” January 6, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61501111992",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1992-01-11",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Benjedid",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1992-01-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadli_Bendjedid",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Divided House: Conflict in Algeria Over Islamic Militancy Pits Father Against Son — The Older",
   "Generation Prefers A Secular Way, the Young A New Fundamentalism — Most Algerians Are Under",
   "30,” January 23, 1992",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Algeria’s Leader Quits, Citing Fear of Political Chaos,” by Youssef M. Ibrahim, January 12, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61501111992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-615-1992-01-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Benjedid",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "1989-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadli_Bendjedid"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Divided House: Conflict in Algeria Over Islamic Militancy Pits Father Against Son — The Older Generation Prefers A Secular Way, the Young A New Fundamentalism — Most Algerians Are Under 30,” January 23, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria’s Leader Quits, Citing Fear of Political Chaos,” by Youssef M. Ibrahim, January 12, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48401201992",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1992-01-20",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nguesso",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 1992-01-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“CONGO: Angry soldiers tell interim leader to resign post: [Final Edition]” January 20, 1992",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Congo Soldiers Kill 3 in bid to oust premier: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL, CEdition]”January 21,1992",
   "• Constitution Writing & Conflict Resolution",
   "https://pcwcr.princeton.edu/reports/congo 1992.html#:~: text=The%20 chair%2C%20 an%20 archbishop%",
   "2C%20 suffused, barricades%20 to%20 fight%20 the%20 soldiers.",
   "• University of Central Arkansas",
   "https://uca.edu/political science/home/research-projects/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/",
   "congo-brazzaville-1960-present/"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48401201992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nguesso",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1989-09-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 848,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“CONGO: Angry soldiers tell interim leader to resign post: [Final Edition]” January 20, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Soldiers Kill 3 in bid to oust premier: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL, CEdition]”January 21,1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Constitution Writing & Conflict Resolution",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://pcwcr.princeton.edu/reports/congo 1992.html#:~: text=The%20chair%2C%20an%20archbishop%2C%20suffused, barricades%20to%20fight%20the%20soldiers."
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "University of Central Arkansas",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://uca.edu/political science/home/research-projects/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/congo-brazzaville-1960-present/"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49001221992",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1992-01-22",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mobutu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1992-01-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Revolt Fails to Oust Rulers in Zaire,” January 24, 1992",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: Zaire coup crushed by troops,” January 24, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49001221992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mobutu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1984-07-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2734,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Revolt Fails to Oust Rulers in Zaire,” January 24, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: Zaire coup crushed by troops,” January 24, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10102041992",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1992-02-04",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Andres Perez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1992-02-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat_attempts",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [3],” April 3, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10102041992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1992-02-04",
  "leader_in_power": "Andres Perez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1988-12-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1157,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": 14,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C3%A9tat_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [3],” April 3, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09502081992",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1992-02-08",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Endara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Panama on 1992-02-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Panama Says it Nipped Overthrow Plot in the Bud,” February 8, 1992",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Panama Claims Security Agents Were Plotting to Kill President,” February 8, 1992",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Plot Thwarted, Panama Officials Say,” February 8, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09502081992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Endara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1989-05-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1007,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.68,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Says it Nipped Overthrow Plot in the Bud,” February 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panama Claims Security Agents Were Plotting to Kill President,” February 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Plot Thwarted, Panama Officials Say,” February 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37303061992",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1992-03-06",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mutalibov",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Azerbaijan on 1992-03-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaz_Mutal Lib Ov",
   "• BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB)",
   "“Demonstrators Picket Azerbaijani Parliament President Refuses to Resign,” March 7, 1992",
   "“Mutalibov’ Overhrow will lead to ‘Horror Without End’ in Nkao,” March 10, 1992",
   "“State council set up in Azerbaijan,” March 16, 1992",
   "• Daily Mail (London)",
   "“Mob Ousts President,” March 7, 1992",
   "• Moscow News",
   "“Who’s in Power Now?” March 19, 1992",
   "• Russian Press Digest",
   "“Isa Gambarov, One of the PFA Leaders, Will Perform the Functions of President of Azerbaijan Until",
   "Elections,” May 19, 1992",
   "• TASS",
   "“Azeri Acting President’s Resignation Accepted,” May 18, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37303061992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mutalibov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-09-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 180,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaz_Mutal Lib Ov"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Demonstrators Picket Azerbaijani Parliament President Refuses to Resign,” March 7, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Mutalibov’ Overhrow will lead to ‘Horror Without End’ in Nkao,” March 10, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“State council set up in Azerbaijan,” March 16, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Mail (London)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mob Ousts President,” March 7, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Moscow News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Who’s in Power Now?” March 19, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Russian Press Digest",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Isa Gambarov, One of the PFA Leaders, Will Perform the Functions of President of Azerbaijan Until Elections,” May 19, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "TASS",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azeri Acting President’s Resignation Accepted,” May 18, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13504041992",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1992-04-04",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Fujimori",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Peru on 1992-04-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Constitutional_Crisis_of_1992",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THE WORLD; Fujimori Talks Tough But the Coca Thrives,” April 26, 1992",
   "“Peru’s President Calls an Elections and will not Run,” September 17, 2000",
   "“Peru’s Military backs Fujimori in his call for new elections,” by David Gonzales, September 22, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13504041992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Fujimori",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1990-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 664,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Constitutional_Crisis_of_1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THE WORLD; Fujimori Talks Tough But the Coca Thrives,” April 26, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s President Calls an Elections and will not Run,” September 17, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s Military backs Fujimori in his call for new elections,” by David Gonzales, September 22, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62504151992",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1992-04-15",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1992-04-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Sudan claims to have broken coup plot with soldiers’ arrest,” April 18, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62504151992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1986-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2206,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan claims to have broken coup plot with soldiers’ arrest,” April 18, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70004161992",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1992-04-16",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Najibullah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Afghanistan on 1992-04-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah#Fall_from_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Reportedly Seized,” by Edward A.Gargan, April 17, 1992",
   "“Wily Political Survivor, Dead at the End of a Rope,” by Wolfgang Saxon, September 28, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70004161992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-700-1992-04-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Najibullah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1988-04-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1471,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah#Fall_from_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reportedly Seized,” by Edward A.Gargan, April 17, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Wily Political Survivor, Dead at the End of a Rope,” by Wolfgang Saxon, September 28, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77504231992",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1992-04-23",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Saw Maung",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Myanmar on 1992-04-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw_Maung",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burmese Military Ousts Chief, Citing Illness,” April 24, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77504231992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saw Maung",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1990-05-27",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 697,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw_Maung"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burmese Military Ousts Chief, Citing Illness,” April 24, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45104301992",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1992-04-30",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Momoh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1992-04-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine_Strasser",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Sierra Leon ousted,” May 1, 1992",
   "“World News Briefs; Loyal Troops Put Down Revolt in Sierra Leone,” October 4, 1995",
   "“Military leader Ousted by Army in Sierra Leon,” January 17, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45104301992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1992-04-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Momoh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1991-08-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 251,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine_Strasser"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Sierra Leon ousted,” May 1, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; Loyal Troops Put Down Revolt in Sierra Leone,” October 4, 1995"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Military leader Ousted by Army in Sierra Leon,” January 17, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70205081992",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1992-05-08",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nabiyev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Tajikistan on 1992-05-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan I_Civil_War",
   "• The Jerusalem Post",
   "“Tajikistan’s president flees capital,” May 8, 1992",
   "• Boston Globe",
   "“Tajik president is pushed out by Islamic forces,” May 8, 1992",
   "• The New York Times",
   "“Tajik Leader Flees; Foes Announce Takeover,” May 8, 1992",
   "• The Washington Post",
   "“Rebels Seize Parts Of Tajikistan’sCapital: Last Soviet Communist Regime Threatened,”May 7,1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70205081992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nabiyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 166,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan I_Civil_War"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tajikistan’s president flees capital,” May 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Boston Globe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tajik president is pushed out by Islamic forces,” May 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tajik Leader Flees; Foes Announce Takeover,” May 8, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Seize Parts Of Tajikistan’sCapital: Last Soviet Communist Regime Threatened,”May 7,1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37305151992",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1992-05-15",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mamedov",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Azerbaijan on 1992-05-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_Mammadov",
   "• Manchester Guardian Weekly",
   "“Azeri nationalists oust President,” May 24, 1992",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Political Shake-Up Slows Azeri Army,” May 21, 1992",
   "• TASS",
   "“Azerbaijani Acting President Addresses Nation on Democracy,” May 28, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37305151992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mamedov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-09-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 250,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_Mammadov"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Manchester Guardian Weekly",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azeri nationalists oust President,” May 24, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Political Shake-Up Slows Azeri Army,” May 21, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "TASS",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azerbaijani Acting President Addresses Nation on Democracy,” May 28, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48306181992",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1992-06-18",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Chad on 1992-06-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Chronology,” June 24, 1992",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“World in Brief Battles follow coup plot,” June 22, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48306181992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-12-10",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 921,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chronology,” June 24, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World in Brief Battles follow coup plot,” June 22, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61507021992",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1992-07-02",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 1992-07-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Nezzar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Algerian President Fatally Shot at Rally,” by Youssef M. Ibrahim, June 30, 1992",
   "“Algeria Veteran’s Chief is Named President,” July 3, 1992",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Algeria’s head of state is assassinated during speech,” June 30, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61507021992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1989-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Nezzar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algerian President Fatally Shot at Rally,” by Youssef M. Ibrahim, June 30, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Algeria Veteran’s Chief is Named President,” July 3, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria’s head of state is assassinated during speech,” June 30, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70209071992",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1992-09-07",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nabiyev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Tajikistan on 1992-09-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmon_Nabiyev",
   "• New York Times",
   "“After week of turmoil, Tajik President is Forced Out,” by Steven Erlanger, September 8, 1992",
   "“Old-Liners Gain in Tajikistan,” December 12, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70209071992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nabiyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 288,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmon_Nabiyev"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After week of turmoil, Tajik President is Forced Out,” by Steven Erlanger, September 8, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Old-Liners Gain in Tajikistan,” December 12, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58109261992",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1992-09-26",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Djohar",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Comoros on 1992-09-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Comoros#1989-1996",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup foiled in Comoros island,” September 27, 1992",
   "• The Observer",
   "“Worldwatch: Coup Thwarted,” September 27, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58109261992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1992-09-26",
  "leader_in_power": "Djohar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1992-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Comoros#1989-1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Comoros island,” September 27, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Worldwatch: Coup Thwarted,” September 27, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70210251992",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1992-10-25",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Iskandrov",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Tajikistan on 1992-10-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Ousted Leader’s Supporters Seize Control in Tajikistan,” October 25, 1992",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Tajikistan Appear to Withdraw From Seized Offices,” October 26, 1992",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Tajik Capital Called Calm After Weekend Street Battle,” October 27, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70210251992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Iskandrov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 336,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ousted Leader’s Supporters Seize Control in Tajikistan,” October 25, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Tajikistan Appear to Withdraw From Seized Offices,” October 26, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tajik Capital Called Calm After Weekend Street Battle,” October 27, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13511121992",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1992-11-12",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Fujimori",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 1992-11-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“General Admits Peru Coup Plot Accused Says Aim Was to Restore ‘Normal’ Democracy,” November",
   "18, 1992",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Peru’s President Details Coup Plot Against Him,” November 15, 1992",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Plot is Foiled in Peru,” November 14, 1992",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra Golpe_de_Estado_en_Per%C 3%BA_de_1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13511121992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-1992-11-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Fujimori",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1990-06-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 886,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General Admits Peru Coup Plot Accused Says Aim Was to Restore ‘Normal’ Democracy,” November 18, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s President Details Coup Plot Against Him,” November 15, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Plot is Foiled in Peru,” November 14, 1992"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra Golpe_de_Estado_en_Per%C3%BA_de_1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70211201992",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1992-11-20",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Palace / elite, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Iskandrov",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Tajikistan on 1992-11-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon",
   "• Xinhua General Overseas News Service",
   "“Tadzhikistan’s new acting head of state elected,” November 19, 1992",
   "“Tadzhikistan to replace presidency with parliamentary system,” November 28, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70211201992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Iskandrov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1991-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 362,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua General Overseas News Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tadzhikistan’s new acting head of state elected,” November 19, 1992"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Tadzhikistan to replace presidency with parliamentary system,” November 28, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10111271992",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1992-11-27",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Andres Perez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 1992-11-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C 3%A 9 tat_attemp",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Caracas Derails Coup by Air Force Units,” November 28, 1992"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10111271992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-1992-11-27-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Andres Perez",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1988-12-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1454,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.74,
  "deaths": 169,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Venezuelan_coup_d’%C3%A9tat_attemp"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Caracas Derails Coup by Air Force Units,” November 28, 1992"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45112291992",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1992-12-29",
  "year": 1992,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Strasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1992-12-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45112291992",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Strasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1991-08-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 494,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sierra_Leone"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09005251993",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1993-05-25",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Serrano Elias",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Guatemala on 1993-05-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Serrano_El%C 3%ADas",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Guatemala calm after president’s ‘self-coup’,” May 26, 1993",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala’s Do-It-Yourself Coup,” May 27, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09005251993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Serrano Elias",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1991-01-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 870,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Serrano_El%C3%ADas"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala calm after president’s ‘self-coup’,” May 26, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala’s Do-It-Yourself Coup,” May 27, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09005311993",
  "country": "Guatemala",
  "country_iso3": "GTM",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1993-05-31",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Serrano Elias",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Guatemala on 1993-05-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Backed by Army, Guatemala’s VP Grabs Power,” June 3, 1993",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Leader Ousted in Guatemala” by Tracy Wilkinson, June 2, 1993",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Guatemala’s Counter-Coup: A Military About-Face,” by Tim Golden, June 3, 1993",
   "• Newsday",
   "“Guatemala President Deposed by Army,” June 2, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.8,
  "lng": -90.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09005311993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-90-1993-06-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Serrano Elias",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "indirect military",
  "last_election": "1991-01-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 876,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Backed by Army, Guatemala’s VP Grabs Power,” June 3, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leader Ousted in Guatemala” by Tracy Wilkinson, June 2, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala’s Counter-Coup: A Military About-Face,” by Tim Golden, June 3, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsday",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guatemala President Deposed by Army,” June 2, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51607031993",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1993-07-03",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Buyoya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1993-07-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Post-election coup thwarted in Burundi, colonel reports,” July 4, 1993",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup foiled,” July 5, 1993",
   "• Times of India",
   "“Coup bid fails in Burundi,” July 4, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51607031993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1993-07-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Buyoya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 32,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Post-election coup thwarted in Burundi, colonel reports,” July 4, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled,” July 5, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup bid fails in Burundi,” July 4, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47508261993",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1993-08-26",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Babangida",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Nigeria on 1993-08-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigerian Ruler Cedes Power to Civilian,” by Kenneth Nobles, August 27, 1993",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Nigeria’s military ruler quits, Appoints Interim Government: Human Rights Activists Criticize Move",
   "as ’Extension of Dictatorship’,” August 27, 1993",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Nigerian general resigns; hands gov’t to civilian backers,” August 27, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47508261993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Babangida",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1993-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 75,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Ruler Cedes Power to Civilian,” by Kenneth Nobles, August 27, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria’s military ruler quits, Appoints Interim Government: Human Rights Activists Criticize Move as ’Extension of Dictatorship’,” August 27, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian general resigns; hands gov’t to civilian backers,” August 27, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "39309211993",
  "country": "Russia",
  "country_iso3": "RUS",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1993-09-21",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Russia on 1993-09-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_constitutional_crisis_of_1993",
   "• Vancouver Sun",
   "“Boris Yeltsin, democrat: Dissolving Parliament Might Seem Autocratic, but the record shows otherwise;",
   "RUSSIA; ELECTIONS ARE A TEST FOR YELTSIN: [FINAL Edition],” September 25, 1993",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Yeltsin throws Russia in crisis Parliament ousts President after he abolishes it in power struggle,”",
   "September 22, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 61.5,
  "lng": 105.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "39309211993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_constitutional_crisis_of_1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Vancouver Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Boris Yeltsin, democrat: Dissolving Parliament Might Seem Autocratic, but the record shows otherwise; RUSSIA; ELECTIONS ARE A TEST FOR YELTSIN: [FINAL Edition],” September 25, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Yeltsin throws Russia in crisis Parliament ousts President after he abolishes it in power struggle,” September 22, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "39309231993",
  "country": "Russia",
  "country_iso3": "RUS",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "1993-09-23",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Russia on 1993-09-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_constitutional_crisis_of_1993",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Lone defendant found not guilty in Russian coup,“ August 12, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 61.5,
  "lng": 105.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "39309231993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_constitutional_crisis_of_1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lone defendant found not guilty in Russian coup,“ August 12, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "32510141993",
  "country": "Italy",
  "country_iso3": "ITA",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1993-10-14",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ciampi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Italy on 1993-10-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Italy Tribunal to try Woman who told of Army Coup Plan,” October 29, 1993",
   "• The Times",
   "“General is suspended after coup allegations in Italy,” October 14, 1993",
   "• The Montreal Gazette",
   "“Italy arrests coup mistress,” October 30, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.9,
  "lng": 12.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "32510141993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ciampi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1992-04-05",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 557,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.83,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Italy Tribunal to try Woman who told of Army Coup Plan,” October 29, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General is suspended after coup allegations in Italy,” October 14, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Montreal Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Italy arrests coup mistress,” October 30, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45110161993",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1993-10-16",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Strasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Sierra Leone on 1993-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“HK Man Held for African Coup bid,” October 22, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45110161993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Strasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1991-08-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 785,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“HK Man Held for African Coup bid,” October 22, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51610211993",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1993-10-21",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ndadaye",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1993-10-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_Ndadaye",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leader of Burundi reportedly Killed in a Coup by an Ethnic Rival,” October 22, 1993",
   "“President of Burundi was Killed in Coup, The Leaders of the Army Say,” October 25, 1993",
   "“Burundi Army Leaders Urge Civilians to Resume Control,” October 26, 1993",
   "“Tribal warfare kills thousands in Burundi,” October 28, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51610211993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1993-10-21-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Ndadaye",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 142,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 150000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_Ndadaye"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leader of Burundi reportedly Killed in a Coup by an Ethnic Rival,” October 22, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Burundi was Killed in Coup, The Leaders of the Army Say,” October 25, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Army Leaders Urge Civilians to Resume Control,” October 26, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Tribal warfare kills thousands in Burundi,” October 28, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62010231993",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1993-10-23",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 1993-10-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Qaddafi Reported to Quash Army Revolt,” October 23, 1993",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Kadafi Quelled Libya uprisings, sources say,” October 25, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62010231993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Qaddafi Reported to Quash Army Revolt,” October 23, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kadafi Quelled Libya uprisings, sources say,” October 25, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51610271993",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1993-10-27",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Ngueze",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1993-10-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 ois_Ngeze",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Burundi minister says 2,000 dead in coup bid include 6 in cabinet,” October 29, 1993",
   "• Ottawa Citizen",
   "“BURUNDI: PM pleads for help as terror grips nation,” October 30, 1993",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Burundi coup death toll put at 2,000,” October 29, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51610271993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ngueze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 148,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ngeze"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi minister says 2,000 dead in coup bid include 6 in cabinet,” October 29, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“BURUNDI: PM pleads for help as terror grips nation,” October 30, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi coup death toll put at 2,000,” October 29, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47511171993",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1993-11-17",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Shonekan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1993-11-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Shonekan",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [4],” November 22, 1993",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigerian Military Leader Ousts Interim President,” November 18, 1993",
   "“Key Aide Sworn in,” by Robert Mc Fadden, June 9, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47511171993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-475-1993-11-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Shonekan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1993-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 158,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Shonekan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [4],” November 22, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian Military Leader Ousts Interim President,” November 18, 1993"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Key Aide Sworn in,” by Robert Mc Fadden, June 9, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43212091993",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1993-12-09",
  "year": 1993,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Konare",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 1993-12-09, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Government in Mali foils coup attempt: [FINAL Edition],” December 10, 1993",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mali foils army plot to restore jailed dictator,” December 10, 1993"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43212091993",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Konare",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1992-04-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 592,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.47,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Government in Mali foils coup attempt: [FINAL Edition],” December 10, 1993"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali foils army plot to restore jailed dictator,” December 10, 1993"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61501311994",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1994-01-31",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kafi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Algeria on 1994-01-31, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Nezzar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Algeria Appoints a New President,” January 31, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61501311994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "1989-02-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Nezzar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Algeria Appoints a New President,” January 31, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51704071994",
  "country": "Rwanda",
  "country_iso3": "RWA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1994-04-07",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sindikubwabo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Rwanda on 1994-04-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathe_U Wiling Iyi Mana",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Troops Rampage in Rwanda; Dead Said to Include Premier,” April 8, 1994",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Rwanda,” April 8, 1994",
   "• Detroit Free Press",
   "“Civil War Breaks Out in Rwanda,” April 8, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.9,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51704071994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-517-1994-04-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Sindikubwabo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1988-12-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1935,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathe_U Wiling Iyi Mana"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Rampage in Rwanda; Dead Said to Include Premier,” April 8, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rwanda,” April 8, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Detroit Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Civil War Breaks Out in Rwanda,” April 8, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51604251994",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1994-04-25",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Ntibantunganya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Burundi on 1994-04-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Specter of hate stalks Burundi, too,” April 26, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51604251994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ntibantunganya",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 328,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Specter of hate stalks Burundi, too,” April 26, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81107021994",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1994-07-02",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ranariddh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cambodia on 1994-07-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Chakra Pong",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Attempted Coup Quashed in Cambodia,” July 3, 1994",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Cambodia says coup plot foiled,” July 3, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81107021994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-811-1994-07-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Ranariddh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1993-05-23",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 405,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Chakra Pong"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted Coup Quashed in Cambodia,” July 3, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cambodia says coup plot foiled,” July 3, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42007241994",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1994-07-24",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Jammeh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Gambia on 1994-07-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh#Rise_to_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“In Gambia, New Coup Follows Old Pattern,” by Howard French, August 28, 1994",
   "“THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Africa Tunes In to a BBC Beacon,” November 21, 1994",
   "• The Week",
   "“Jammeh’sTurn: Unmoved By Local And International Pressure, Yay Ah Jammeh Of The Gambia Treads",
   "the path of several of his colleagues in the West Coast who transmit ed from military to civilian presi-",
   "dents,” September 30, 1996, Vol.5, Iss. 14; pg. 27"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42007241994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-420-1994-07-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Jammeh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1992-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 816,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.44,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh#Rise_to_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Gambia, New Coup Follows Old Pattern,” by Howard French, August 28, 1994"
     },
     {
      "text": "“THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Africa Tunes In to a BBC Beacon,” November 21, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Week",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jammeh’sTurn: Unmoved By Local And International Pressure, Yay Ah Jammeh Of The Gambia Treads the path of several of his colleagues in the West Coast who transmit ed from military to civilian presidents,” September 30, 1996, Vol.5, Iss. 14; pg. 27"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57008171994",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1994-08-17",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Mokhehle",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Lesotho on 1994-08-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lesotho",
   "• The Times",
   "“Lesotho troops kill four after King leads coup,” August 18, 1994",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Four die in ‘royal coup’ in Lesotho,” August 18, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57008171994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-570-1994-08-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Mokhehle",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1993-03-27",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 508,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.5,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lesotho"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho troops kill four after King leads coup,” August 18, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Four die in ‘royal coup’ in Lesotho,” August 18, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45009071994",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1994-09-07",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Kpormapkor",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Liberia on 1994-09-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Liberian rebels say Taylor has fled HQ Guerrilla leader has been deposed, claims faction,” by Cindy",
   "Shiner, September 8, 1994",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Splinter group seizes Liberian rebel stronghold,” by Cindy Shiner, September 10, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45009071994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kpormapkor",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3249,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberian rebels say Taylor has fled HQ Guerrilla leader has been deposed, claims faction,” by Cindy Shiner, September 8, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Splinter group seizes Liberian rebel stronghold,” by Cindy Shiner, September 10, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45009151994",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1994-09-15",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Kpormapkor",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Liberia on 1994-09-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Africa Tunes In to a BBC Beacon,” November 21, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45009151994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-450-1994-09-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Kpormapkor",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1985-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3257,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Africa Tunes In to a BBC Beacon,” November 21, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37310051994",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1994-10-05",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "H. Aliyev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Azerbaijan on 1994-10-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Huseynov",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Azerbaijan Jails Ex-Aid,” March 28, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37310051994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-373-1994-10-04",
  "leader_in_power": "H. Aliyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1993-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 367,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Huseynov"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azerbaijan Jails Ex-Aid,” March 28, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04110141994",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "1994-10-14",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Cedras",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Haiti on 1994-10-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide#1991_coup_d.27.C 3.A 9 tat",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Cedras will step Down Today: Haitian Military officials say: Van Plows into Pro-Aristide March,",
   "Killing 14 Cendras to Step Down Today, the Haitian Military Say the Haitian rulers’ Departure nears,",
   "but the killings conintue.” Larry Rohter, October 10, 1994",
   "“Haitian Taking Office, With Daunting Job ahead,” by Larry Rohter, February 7, 1996",
   "“Last G.I.’s With U.N. In Haiti Are Leaving,” April 18, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04110141994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Cedras",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1990-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1398,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cedras will step Down Today: Haitian Military officials say: Van Plows into Pro-Aristide March, Killing 14 Cendras to Step Down Today, the Haitian Military Say the Haitian rulers’ Departure nears, but the killings conintue.” Larry Rohter, October 10, 1994"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Haitian Taking Office, With Daunting Job ahead,” by Larry Rohter, February 7, 1996"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Last G.I.’s With U.N. In Haiti Are Leaving,” April 18, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42011111994",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1994-11-11",
  "year": 1994,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Jammeh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gambia on 1994-11-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Military junta foils attempted coup,” November 12, 1994",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Gambian coup crushed, military says,” November 12, 1994"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42011111994",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-420-1994-11-11-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Jammeh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1992-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 926,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.44,
  "deaths": 50,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military junta foils attempted coup,” November 12, 1994"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambian coup crushed, military says,” November 12, 1994"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09501121995",
  "country": "Panama",
  "country_iso3": "PAN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "1995-01-12",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Balladares",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Panama on 1995-01-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“NEWS BRIEFING Coup plot uncovered, Panama says” January 12, 1995",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“PANAMA SAYS EX-HIGH BRASS PLANNING COUP: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL Edition],” Jan-",
   "uary 12, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09501121995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Balladares",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1994-05-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 249,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.71,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NEWS BRIEFING Coup plot uncovered, Panama says” January 12, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PANAMA SAYS EX-HIGH BRASS PLANNING COUP: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL Edition],” January 12, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42001271995",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1995-01-27",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Jammeh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Gambia on 1995-01-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Gambia ‘Coup Plot Foiled’,” January 28, 1995",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Gambian Leaders Accused of Plot,” January 28, 1995",
   "• St. Louis Post Dispatch",
   "“Gambia: Americans Urged To Stay Out of Country,” January 30, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42001271995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jammeh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "1992-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1003,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia ‘Coup Plot Foiled’,” January 28, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambian Leaders Accused of Plot,” January 28, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia: Americans Urged To Stay Out of Country,” January 30, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64503051995",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1995-03-05",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1995-03-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” March 9, 1995",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“US monitoring Iraqi troops,” March 9, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64503051995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2164,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” March 9, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“US monitoring Iraqi troops,” March 9, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37303131995",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1995-03-13",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "H. Aliyev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Azerbaijan on 1995-03-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Turkish Inquiry Links Government Agents to Assassinations,” by Stephen Kinzer, January 26, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37303131995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-373-1995-03-13",
  "leader_in_power": "H. Aliyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1993-10-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 526,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Turkish Inquiry Links Government Agents to Assassinations,” by Stephen Kinzer, January 26, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47503141995",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1995-03-14",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Abacha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1995-03-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria Arrests General Accused in a Coup Plot,” December 22, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47503141995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abacha",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1993-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 640,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Arrests General Accused in a Coup Plot,” December 22, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64505141995",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1995-05-14",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1995-05-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Observer",
   "“Saddam family feud blamed for ’coup’ clash,” June 18, 1995",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Iraq crushes riots, say diplomats,” May 30, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64505141995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2234,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": 200,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saddam family feud blamed for ’coup’ clash,” June 18, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraq crushes riots, say diplomats,” May 30, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64506151995",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1995-06-15",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1995-06-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“U.S. Tells of Abortive Troop Mutiny Against Iraq’s Leader,” June 16, 1995",
   "“Iraq Reportedly Cracks Down On Clan That Tried a Coup,” June 20, 1995",
   "• Arizona Republic",
   "“Iraqis reportedly crush coup attempt against Saddam,” June 16, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64506151995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-645-1995-06-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1989-04-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2266,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Tells of Abortive Troop Mutiny Against Iraq’s Leader,” June 16, 1995"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Iraq Reportedly Cracks Down On Clan That Tried a Coup,” June 20, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arizona Republic",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Iraqis reportedly crush coup attempt against Saddam,” June 16, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69406271995",
  "country": "Qatar",
  "country_iso3": "QAT",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1995-06-27",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Khalifah Ath-Thani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Palace coup in Qatar on 1995-06-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Qatar Leader is Sent Packing by His Son,” June 27, 1995",
   "“Young Turk of the Gulf: Emir of Qatar [Biography],” July 10, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 25.4,
  "lng": 51.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69406271995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-694-1995-06-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Khalifah Ath-Thani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Qatar Leader is Sent Packing by His Son,” June 27, 1995"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Young Turk of the Gulf: Emir of Qatar [Biography],” July 10, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40308151995",
  "country": "Sao Tome and Principe",
  "country_iso3": "STP",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1995-08-15",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Trovoada",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sao Tome and Principe on 1995-08-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Rebel Officers Seize Power in Sao Tome, Arrest President,” August 16, 1995",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“W African island president arrested in coup: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE,” August 16, 1995",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Sao Tome coup collapses,” August 23, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 0.2,
  "lng": 6.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40308151995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-403-1995-08-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Trovoada",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1991-03-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1626,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Officers Seize Power in Sao Tome, Arrest President,” August 16, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“W African island president arrested in coup: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE,” August 16, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sao Tome coup collapses,” August 23, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58109291995",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1995-09-29",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Djohar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Comoros on 1995-09-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Djohar",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs; France Sends Troop Unit To End Coup in Comoros,” October 4, 1995",
   "• BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
   "“Aftermath of Coup; Interview with Coup Leader Captain Kombo,” September 29, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58109291995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Djohar",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1992-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.4,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Mohamed_Djohar"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; France Sends Troop Unit To End Coup in Comoros,” October 4, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Aftermath of Coup; Interview with Coup Leader Captain Kombo,” September 29, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45110021995",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1995-10-02",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Strasser",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1995-10-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs; Loyal Troops Put Down Revolt in Sierra Leone,” October 4, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45110021995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1995-10-02",
  "leader_in_power": "Strasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1991-08-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1501,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; Loyal Troops Put Down Revolt in Sierra Leone,” October 4, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58110051995",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1995-10-05",
  "year": 1995,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Comoros on 1995-10-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Azalee",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World News Briefs; France Sends Troop Unit To End Coup in Comoros,” October 4, 1995",
   "• The Guardian (London)",
   "“French Troops End Coup in Comoros,” October 5, 1995",
   "• BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
   "“Comoros; New foreign Minister appeals to President Djohar not to return to Comoros,” October 11,",
   "1995",
   "“Earlier Reports; Prime minister proclaims himself interim president,” October 6, 1995"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58110051995",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bob Denard",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1992-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.4,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Azalee"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News Briefs; France Sends Troop Unit To End Coup in Comoros,” October 4, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian (London)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“French Troops End Coup in Comoros,” October 5, 1995"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Summary of World Broadcasts",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoros; New foreign Minister appeals to President Djohar not to return to Comoros,” October 11, 1995"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Earlier Reports; Prime minister proclaims himself interim president,” October 6, 1995"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45101161996",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1996-01-16",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Strasser",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1996-01-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-wide: Sierra Leone’s new leader,” January 18, 1996",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military leader Ousted by Army in Sierra Leone,” January 17, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45101161996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1996-01-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Strasser",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1991-08-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1607,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-wide: Sierra Leone’s new leader,” January 18, 1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military leader Ousted by Army in Sierra Leone,” January 17, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43601271996",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1996-01-27",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ousmane",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1996-01-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamane_Ousmane",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-wide: Niger’s new military rulers,” February 13, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43601271996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-1996-01-27",
  "leader_in_power": "Ousmane",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-03-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1036,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamane_Ousmane"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-wide: Niger’s new military rulers,” February 13, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43802021996",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1996-02-02",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Conte",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 1996-02-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C 3%A 9",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“Guinea: AFP Reports on Various Fighting Groups Involved in Civil War,” February 14, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43802021996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-1996-02-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Conte",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1993-12-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 775,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansana_Cont%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea: AFP Reports on Various Fighting Groups Involved in Civil War,” February 14, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69402201996",
  "country": "Qatar",
  "country_iso3": "QAT",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1996-02-20",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Amad Al Thani",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Qatar on 1996-02-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Young Turk of the Gulf: Emir of Qatar [Biography],” July 10, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 25.4,
  "lng": 51.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69402201996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-694-1996-02-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Amad Al Thani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.02,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Young Turk of the Gulf: Emir of Qatar [Biography],” July 10, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57002291996",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "1996-02-29",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mokhehle",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Lesotho on 1996-02-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Politcal Events from Independence to Mid-",
   "1997, by L.E. Andor, Jacqueline Kalley and Elna Schoeman, February 28, 1999",
   "• Inter Press Service News Agency",
   "“Lesotho-Politics: Three held after Coup Attempt,” February 29, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57002291996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mokhehle",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1993-03-27",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1069,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Politcal Events from Independence to Mid-",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "1997, by L.E. Andor, Jacqueline Kalley and Elna Schoeman, February 28, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Inter Press Service News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho-Politics: Three held after Coup Attempt,” February 29, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62503071996",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1996-03-07",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1996-03-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Business Times",
   "“Coup attempt shakes Sudan poll,” March 13, 1996",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“COUP ATTEMPT REPORTEDLY FOILED,” March 12, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62503071996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1996-03-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Business Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt shakes Sudan poll,” March 13, 1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP ATTEMPT REPORTEDLY FOILED,” March 12, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15004221996",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "1996-04-22",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Wasmosy Monti",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Paraguay on 1996-04-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Wasmosy",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” April 24, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15004221996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-150-1996-04-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Wasmosy Monti",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1079,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.52,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Wasmosy"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” April 24, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77105201996",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1996-05-20",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mohammad Habibur Rahman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 1996-05-20, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Saleh_Mohammad_Nasim",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bangladesh Generals Held,” May 22, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77105201996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-771-1996-05-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Mohammad Habibur Rahman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1996-02-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 95,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.51,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Saleh_Mohammad_Nasim"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Generals Held,” May 22, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64506241996",
  "country": "Iraq",
  "country_iso3": "IRQ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1996-06-24",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Iraq on 1996-06-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Hussein Torpedoed CIA Plot Against Him, Officials Say,” by Robin Wright, September 8, 1996",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“The coup that wasn’t,” by Scott Ritter, September 27, 2005",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“The CIA And the Coup That Wasn’t,” by David Ignatius, May 16, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.2,
  "lng": 43.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64506241996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saddam Hussein",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1995-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 253,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Hussein Torpedoed CIA Plot Against Him, Officials Say,” by Robin Wright, September 8, 1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The coup that wasn’t,” by Scott Ritter, September 27, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The CIA And the Coup That Wasn’t,” by David Ignatius, May 16, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51607251996",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1996-07-25",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ntibantunganya",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 1996-07-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre_Nt Iban Tung Any A",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Burundi Army stages Coup, and New Fighting is feared,” by Donald McNeil, July 26, 1996",
   "“In Burundi’s Capital, Waterfront Strollers Praise Coup,” July 29, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51607251996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-1996-07-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Ntibantunganya",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1150,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 6000,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre_Nt Iban Tung Any A"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Buyoya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi Army stages Coup, and New Fighting is feared,” by Donald McNeil, July 26, 1996"
     },
     {
      "text": "“In Burundi’s Capital, Waterfront Strollers Praise Coup,” July 29, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45109081996",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1996-09-08",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kabbah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1996-09-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Tejan_Kabbah#First_term_as_President",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“3 SOLDIERS HELD FOR PLOTTING A COUP,” September 10, 1996",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup plot foiled in Sierra Leone,” September 10, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45109081996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kabbah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1996-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 177,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Tejan_Kabbah#First_term_as_President"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3 SOLDIERS HELD FOR PLOTTING A COUP,” September 10, 1996"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot foiled in Sierra Leone,” September 10, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70009271996",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1996-09-27",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Burhanuddin Rabbani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Afghanistan on 1996-09-27, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Omar#Leader_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Taliban Agree to Let Women Return to Work,” July 13, 2000",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Spotlight/The Kabul Coup: Taliban fact file,” September 28, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70009271996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Burhanuddin Rabbani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "1988-04-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 3096,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Omar#Leader_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Taliban Agree to Let Women Return to Work,” July 13, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Spotlight/The Kabul Coup: Taliban fact file,” September 28, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43210271996",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1996-10-27",
  "year": 1996,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Konare",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mali on 1996-10-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Ox Research Daily Brief Service",
   "“AFRICA: Francophone Summit,” November 28, 1996"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43210271996",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Konare",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1992-04-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1645,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ox Research Daily Brief Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AFRICA: Francophone Summit,” November 28, 1996"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49005161997",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1997-05-16",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Mobutu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1997-05-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko#Second_coup_and_consolidation_of_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“In Congo’s Restive Capital, New Government Sows Resentment,” May 26, 1997",
   "“Congo Leader Reportedly dead after Being Shot by Bodyguard...” by Norimitsu Onishi, January 17,",
   "2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49005161997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mobutu",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko#Second_coup_and_consolidation_of_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Congo’s Restive Capital, New Government Sows Resentment,” May 26, 1997"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Congo Leader Reportedly dead after Being Shot by Bodyguard...” by Norimitsu Onishi, January 17, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45105251997",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1997-05-25",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kabbah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 1997-05-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Tejan_Kabbah#First_term_as_President",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide [18],” May 28, 1997",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebel Soldiers overthrow Sierra Leone’s President,” May 26, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45105251997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-451-1997-05-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Kabbah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1996-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 436,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Tejan_Kabbah#First_term_as_President"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide [18],” May 28, 1997"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebel Soldiers overthrow Sierra Leone’s President,” May 26, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64006301997",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1997-06-30",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Erbakan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 1997-06-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_military_memorandum_(Turkey)",
   "• The Week",
   "“Out Goes Erbakan,” June 30, 1997",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Yilmax is new Prime Minister of Turkey,” July 1, 1997",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“SHAKY DEMOCRACY IN TURKEY,” July 5, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64006301997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Erbakan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1995-12-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 554,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_military_memorandum_(Turkey)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Week",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Out Goes Erbakan,” June 30, 1997"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Yilmax is new Prime Minister of Turkey,” July 1, 1997"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“SHAKY DEMOCRACY IN TURKEY,” July 5, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81107051997",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1997-07-05",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Ranariddh",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Cambodia on 1997-07-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Cambodian_Co",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hun_Sen",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Two Cambodian Parties Battle Outside Capital,” July 5, 1997",
   "“Faction Surrenders in Cambodia,” by Seth Mydans, July 7, 1997",
   "“World Gets Plea to Act On Cambodia,” July 10, 1997",
   "“Cry for Cambodia,” July 10, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81107051997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-811-1997-07-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Ranariddh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1993-05-23",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1504,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 70,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Cambodian_Co"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hun_Sen"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Two Cambodian Parties Battle Outside Capital,” July 5, 1997"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Faction Surrenders in Cambodia,” by Seth Mydans, July 7, 1997"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World Gets Plea to Act On Cambodia,” July 10, 1997"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Cry for Cambodia,” July 10, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70208111997",
  "country": "Tajikistan",
  "country_iso3": "TJK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "1997-08-11",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Enomali Rahmon",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Tajikistan on 1997-08-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon",
   "• Russia and Eurasia 2016-2017, by Brent Hierman, August 25, 2016",
   "• Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Warlord attacks Tajikistan’s capital city: President holds fragile grip on power: [FINAL Edition],”",
   "August 11, 1997",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“International: Tajikistan capital is attacked by warlord,” August 11, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.9,
  "lng": 71.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70208111997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Enomali Rahmon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1994-11-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1009,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomalii_Rahmon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Russia and Eurasia 2016-2017, by Brent Hierman, August 25, 2016",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Warlord attacks Tajikistan’s capital city: President holds fragile grip on power: [FINAL Edition],” August 11, 1997"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“International: Tajikistan capital is attacked by warlord,” August 11, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48410151997",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "1997-10-15",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Lissouba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Congo on 1997-10-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_Lissouba",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels Backed by Angola, Take Brazzaville and Oil Port,” by Howard French, October 16, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48410151997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lissouba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "1992-08-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1886,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_Lissouba"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Backed by Angola, Take Brazzaville and Oil Port,” by Howard French, October 16, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55110281997",
  "country": "Zambia",
  "country_iso3": "ZMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1997-10-28",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Chiluba",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zambia on 1997-10-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Zambia#Coups_and_emergencies",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup Charges Dropped, and Zambia’s Ex-Leader Is Freed,” June 2, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.1,
  "lng": 27.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55110281997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-551-1997-10-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Chiluba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1996-11-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 344,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Zambia#Coups_and_emergencies"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Charges Dropped, and Zambia’s Ex-Leader Is Freed,” June 2, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47512221997",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1997-12-22",
  "year": 1997,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Abacha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 1997-12-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigeria Arrests General Accused in a Coup Plot,” December 22, 1997"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47512221997",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abacha",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1993-06-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1654,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria Arrests General Accused in a Coup Plot,” December 22, 1997"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43601021998",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1998-01-02",
  "year": 1998,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mainassara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Niger on 1998-01-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Niger Arrests 5 In Coup Plot,” January 2, 1998",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“PLOT TO MURDER PRESIDENT ALLEGED: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL Edition],” January 2,",
   "1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43601021998",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mainassara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1996-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 544,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Arrests 5 In Coup Plot,” January 2, 1998"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PLOT TO MURDER PRESIDENT ALLEGED: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL Edition],” January 2, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45102121998",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1998-02-12",
  "year": 1998,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Koroma",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Sierra Leone on 1998-02-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Paul_Koroma",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nigerians Take Capital of Sierra Leon as Junta Flees,” February 14, 1998",
   "“Rebels in Sierra Leone Said to Hold Missionaries,” February 25, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45102121998",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Koroma",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1996-03-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 699,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Paul_Koroma"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerians Take Capital of Sierra Leon as Junta Flees,” February 14, 1998"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Sierra Leone Said to Hold Missionaries,” February 25, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85005211998",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "1998-05-21",
  "year": 1998,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Suharto",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Indonesia on 1998-05-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suharto#Downfall",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Disaster Quiets a Feisty Voice; Newspaper Chronicling Indonesian Rebellion Suffers a Major Blow,”",
   "January 4, 2005",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Unrest Deepens in Indonesia, but Suharto Offers Defiance,” by Mark Landler, May 10, 1998",
   "“Death Toll Rises-Warning to Americans,” by Mark Landler, May 15, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85005211998",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Suharto",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "1997-05-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 357,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suharto#Downfall"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Disaster Quiets a Feisty Voice; Newspaper Chronicling Indonesian Rebellion Suffers a Major Blow,” January 4, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Unrest Deepens in Indonesia, but Suharto Offers Defiance,” by Mark Landler, May 10, 1998"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Death Toll Rises-Warning to Americans,” by Mark Landler, May 15, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40406071998",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1998-06-07",
  "year": 1998,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Vieira",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 1998-06-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C 3%A 9",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Guinea Bissau coup foiled,” June 8, 1998",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“U.S. Condemns Coup Attempt in Guinea-Bissau,” June 8, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40406071998",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-1998-06-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Vieira",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1994-08-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1400,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea Bissau coup foiled,” June 8, 1998"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Condemns Coup Attempt in Guinea-Bissau,” June 8, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "33909131998",
  "country": "Albania",
  "country_iso3": "ALB",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "1998-09-13",
  "year": 1998,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Fatos Nano",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Albania on 1998-09-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatos_Nano#Second_and_third_premierships",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Albanian Protesters Seize Buildings: Government Says Coup Prevented,”by guy dinmore, September",
   "15, 1998",
   "• BBC Monitoring European - Political",
   "“President tells Albanians coup is not the way forward,” September 15, 1998"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 20.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "33909131998",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Fatos Nano",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1997-07-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 434,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatos_Nano#Second_and_third_premierships"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Albanian Protesters Seize Buildings: Government Says Coup Prevented,”by guy dinmore, September 15, 1998"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring European - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President tells Albanians coup is not the way forward,” September 15, 1998"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55201111999",
  "country": "Zimbabwe",
  "country_iso3": "ZWE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1999-01-11",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mugabe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zimbabwe on 1999-01-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Summary of World Broadcast",
   "“PROGRAMME SUMMARY FOR RADIO FRANCE INTERNATIONALE NEWS 11 THJANUARY",
   "1998 1830 GMT,” January 11, 1999",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mugabe ‘foiled officers’ coup,” by Andrew Meldum, January 11, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -19,
  "lng": 29.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55201111999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mugabe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1996-03-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1031,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Summary of World Broadcast",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“PROGRAMME SUMMARY FOR RADIO FRANCE INTERNATIONALE NEWS 11 THJANUARY 1998 1830 GMT,” January 11, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mugabe ‘foiled officers’ coup,” by Andrew Meldum, January 11, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43604091999",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1999-04-09",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mainassara",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 1999-04-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Bar%C 3%A 9_Ma%C 3%AFnassar",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daouda_Malam_Wank%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing,” April 14, 1999",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
   "“French Radio says Niger president killed on way to Mali,” April 9, 1999",
   "• Africa News Service",
   "“Niger Citizens Pondering Over Reported Coup d’Etat,” April 9, 1999",
   "• Milan Source is Wikipedia"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43604091999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-1999-04-09",
  "leader_in_power": "Mainassara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1996-07-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1006,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Bar%C3%A9_Ma%C3%AFnassar"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daouda_Malam_Wank%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing,” April 14, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“French Radio says Niger president killed on way to Mali,” April 9, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Citizens Pondering Over Reported Coup d’Etat,” April 9, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan Source is Wikipedia",
    "cites": []
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58104301999",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "1999-04-30",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Massounde",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Comoros on 1999-04-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Army Reportedly Seizes Indian Ocean Nation,” May 1, 1999",
   "• BBC Monitoring International Reports",
   "“Comoros: Military Leader Declares He will Contest Forthcoming Election,” January 22, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58104301999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-1999-04-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Massounde",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "1996-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 922,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army Reportedly Seizes Indian Ocean Nation,” May 1, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring International Reports",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoros: Military Leader Declares He will Contest Forthcoming Election,” January 22, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40405071999",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1999-05-07",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Vieira",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 1999-05-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C 3%A 9",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“Ivorian Government Condemns Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” May 11, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40405071999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-1999-05-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Vieira",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1994-08-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1734,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": 300,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ivorian Government Condemns Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” May 11, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37205221999",
  "country": "Georgia",
  "country_iso3": "GEO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "1999-05-22",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Shevardnadze",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Georgia on 1999-05-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union - Political",
   "“USA condemns attempt of coup d’etat in Georgia, supports leadership,” May 25, 1999",
   "“Georgia: Separatist Abkhaz official assesses failed coup in Tbilisi,” May 26, 1999",
   "“Georgia: More suspects in attempted state coup to be arrested, official says,” May 27, 1999",
   "• National Post",
   "“Georgian president links coup plotters to Russia: Third attempt to kill Shevardnadze: [All But",
   "Toronto Edition],” May 25, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.3,
  "lng": 43.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37205221999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Shevardnadze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1995-11-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1294,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“USA condemns attempt of coup d’etat in Georgia, supports leadership,” May 25, 1999"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Georgia: Separatist Abkhaz official assesses failed coup in Tbilisi,” May 26, 1999"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Georgia: More suspects in attempted state coup to be arrested, official says,” May 27, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "National Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Georgian president links coup plotters to Russia: Third attempt to kill Shevardnadze: [All But Toronto Edition],” May 25, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77010121999",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "1999-10-12",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sharif",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; tried; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Pakistan on 1999-10-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; tried; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf#Impeachment_movement_and_resignation",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World-Wide,” October 18, 1999",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Country is Calm,” by Celia W.Dugger, October 13, 1999",
   "“Dangerous Coup in Pakistan,” October 13, 1999",
   "“After Coup Pakistan Awaits the Next Step,” by Celia W. Dugger, October 14, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": [
   "airport_closure",
   "media_seizure",
   "leader_detention"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "77010121999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-770-1999-10-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Sharif",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1997-02-03",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 981,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf#Impeachment_movement_and_resignation"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World-Wide,” October 18, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Country is Calm,” by Celia W.Dugger, October 13, 1999"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Dangerous Coup in Pakistan,” October 13, 1999"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After Coup Pakistan Awaits the Next Step,” by Celia W. Dugger, October 14, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62512121999",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "1999-12-12",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 1999-12-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Sudan president’s rival denounces state of emergency as ‘coup d’etat’,” December 14, 1999 “Call for",
   "holy war as tension mounts in Sudan Sudan,”, Caroline Hawley December 16, 1999",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Sudan may divert from Islamic path after coup: President Omar el-Bashir dissolved parliament on",
   "Dec 12, declaring a three-month state of emergency,” Lara Santoro December 15, 1999",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“Sudan Braces for Battle Between Leaders: Africa: War of words is raging in power struggle sparked",
   "by the president’s dissolution of parliament,” John Dan Is Zew Ski December 14, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62512121999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1998-05-27",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 564,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan president’s rival denounces state of emergency as ‘coup d’etat’,” December 14, 1999 “Call for holy war as tension mounts in Sudan Sudan,”, Caroline Hawley December 16, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan may divert from Islamic path after coup: President Omar el-Bashir dissolved parliament on Dec 12, declaring a three-month state of emergency,” Lara Santoro December 15, 1999"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Braces for Battle Between Leaders: Africa: War of words is raging in power struggle sparked by the president’s dissolution of parliament,” John Dan Is Zew Ski December 14, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43712241999",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "1999-12-24",
  "year": 1999,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Konan Bedie",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 1999-12-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“RSA Editorial claims Cote d’Ivoirean conflict could ‘damage’ Nepad’s image,” November 14, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43712241999",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-437-1999-12-24",
  "leader_in_power": "Konan Bedie",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1995-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1524,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“RSA Editorial claims Cote d’Ivoirean conflict could ‘damage’ Nepad’s image,” November 14, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13001212000",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2000-01-21",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mahuad",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ecuador on 2000-01-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Ecuadorean_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Indigenous_Nationalities_of_Ecuador#2000_",
   "uprising",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Day of Rebellion ends with Ouster of Ecuador Leader,” January 22, 2000",
   "“Ecuador Coup Shifts Control to No.2 Man,” January 23, 2000",
   "“The Andes in Tumult, Shaken by Political Tremors,” April 23, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13001212000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-130-2000-01-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Mahuad",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1998-07-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 558,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.69,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Ecuadorean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_Indigenous_Nationalities_of_Ecuador"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Day of Rebellion ends with Ouster of Ecuador Leader,” January 22, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador Coup Shifts Control to No.2 Man,” January 23, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“The Andes in Tumult, Shaken by Political Tremors,” April 23, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58103212000",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2000-03-21",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Azali Assoumani",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Comoros on 2000-03-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
   "“Failed coup attempt in Comoros reported,” March 21, 2000",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Coup in the Comoros ends quietly: [FOREIGN Edition],” March 22, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58103212000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-2000-03-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Azali Assoumani",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1996-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1248,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Failed coup attempt in Comoros reported,” March 21, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in the Comoros ends quietly: [FOREIGN Edition],” March 22, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "15005182000",
  "country": "Paraguay",
  "country_iso3": "PRY",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2000-05-18",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gonzalez Macchi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Paraguay on 2000-05-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Other",
   "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/756309.stm",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Coup attempt in Paraguay is Quickly Quelled,” May 20, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -23.4,
  "lng": -58.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "15005182000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-150-2000-05-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Gonzalez Macchi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1998-05-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 739,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Other",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/756309.stm"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Paraguay is Quickly Quelled,” May 20, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "95005192000",
  "country": "Fiji",
  "country_iso3": "FJI",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "2000-05-19",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Chaudhry",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Fiji on 2000-05-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_2000_coup",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Fiji Leader Ousted In Bloodless Attack,” May 19, 2000",
   "“Fiji Military Takes Control and Declares Martial Law,” May 30, 2000",
   "“Last of Hostages Freed in Fiji as Chiefs Pick New President,” July 14, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -17.7,
  "lng": 178.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "95005192000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-950-2000-05-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Chaudhry",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1999-05-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 377,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": 1,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_2000_coup"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fiji Leader Ousted In Bloodless Attack,” May 19, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Fiji Military Takes Control and Declares Martial Law,” May 30, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Last of Hostages Freed in Fiji as Chiefs Pick New President,” July 14, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "94006052000",
  "country": "Solomon Islands",
  "country_iso3": "SLB",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "2000-06-05",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Ulufa'alu",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Solomon Islands on 2000-06-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“No calm on these Pacific isles: Solomon Islands coup yesterday mirrors continuing hostage crisis in",
   "Fiji,”Shawn Donnan, June 6, 2000",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Solomon Islands leaders held hostage after Fiji-style coup,” June 6, 2000",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Attempted coup in Solomon Islands draws condemnation: Secretary-General demands reinstatement",
   "of PM; talks with rebels in Fiji reach impasse,” June 6, 2000",
   "• The Nelson Mail",
   "“Another coup in the Pacific,” June 6, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.6,
  "lng": 160.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "94006052000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ulufa'alu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1997-08-06",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1034,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.51,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“No calm on these Pacific isles: Solomon Islands coup yesterday mirrors continuing hostage crisis in Fiji,”Shawn Donnan, June 6, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Solomon Islands leaders held hostage after Fiji-style coup,” June 6, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted coup in Solomon Islands draws condemnation: Secretary-General demands reinstatement of PM; talks with rebels in Fiji reach impasse,” June 6, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Nelson Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Another coup in the Pacific,” June 6, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43709182000",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2000-09-18",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Guei",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 2000-09-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ivory Coast Ruler Tells of Assassination Attempt,” September 19, 2000",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Attack on Home of Ivory Coast Leader Repelled,” September 19, 2000",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Panic spread by attack on Ivory Coast leader,” September 19, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43709182000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-437-2000-09-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Guei",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-07-23",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 57,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ivory Coast Ruler Tells of Assassination Attempt,” September 19, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attack on Home of Ivory Coast Leader Repelled,” September 19, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Panic spread by attack on Ivory Coast leader,” September 19, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "34010072000",
  "country": "Serbia",
  "country_iso3": "SRB",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "2000-10-07",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Serbia on 2000-10-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C 5%A 1 evi%C 4%87",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Milosevic Pledges Harsh Crackdown on Strike Leaders,” by Steven Erlanger, October 4, 2000",
   "“Belgrade Court Annuls Vote that was Milosevic Setback,” by Steven Erlanger, October 5, 2000",
   "“Yugoslavs Claim Belgrade for a new Leader,” by Steven Erlanger, October 6, 2000",
   "“Milosevic Concedes his Defeat; Yugoslavs Celebrate New Era,” by Steven Erlanger, October 7, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 44,
  "lng": 21,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "34010072000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Milosevic Pledges Harsh Crackdown on Strike Leaders,” by Steven Erlanger, October 4, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Belgrade Court Annuls Vote that was Milosevic Setback,” by Steven Erlanger, October 5, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Yugoslavs Claim Belgrade for a new Leader,” by Steven Erlanger, October 6, 2000"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Milosevic Concedes his Defeat; Yugoslavs Celebrate New Era,” by Steven Erlanger, October 7, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04110162000",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2000-10-16",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Preval",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 2000-10-16, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Monitoring Americas - Political",
   "“Haitian prime minister confirms attempted coup d’etat,” October 19, 2000",
   "• Philadelphia Tribune",
   "“Police accused of coup arrested,” October 24, 2000",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Cops held in Haiti coup plot: [Final Edition],” October 20, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04110162000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Preval",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1995-12-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1765,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.44,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Americas - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haitian prime minister confirms attempted coup d’etat,” October 19, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Philadelphia Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Police accused of coup arrested,” October 24, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cops held in Haiti coup plot: [Final Edition],” October 20, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43710252000",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2000-10-25",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Guei",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Cote d'Ivoire on 2000-10-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“Burkinabe Daily Argues Sierra Leone Special Tribunal Example for Other States,” June 7, 2004",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Troops Overthrow Ivory Coast Government,” December 25, 1999"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43710252000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Guei",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkinabe Daily Argues Sierra Leone Special Tribunal Example for Other States,” June 7, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops Overthrow Ivory Coast Government,” December 25, 1999"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13510292000",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2000-10-29",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Fujimori",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Peru on 2000-10-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Platoon-Size Mutiny in Peru, Hoping to Force Fujimori Out,” October 30, 2000",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Peruvian Insurgents Flee With Hostages: Rebel Soldiers Seized Mining Town, Urged Fujimori’s Res-",
   "ignation,” October 30, 2000",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Mutiny in Peru as rebel soldiers seize general,” October 30, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13510292000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-135-2000-10-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Fujimori",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-05-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 154,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Platoon-Size Mutiny in Peru, Hoping to Force Fujimori Out,” October 30, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peruvian Insurgents Flee With Hostages: Rebel Soldiers Seized Mining Town, Urged Fujimori’s Resignation,” October 30, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mutiny in Peru as rebel soldiers seize general,” October 30, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "95011022000",
  "country": "Fiji",
  "country_iso3": "FJI",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "2000-11-02",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Laisenia Qarase",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Fiji on 2000-11-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_2000_coup",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Death Toll in Fiji’s Mutiny Rises to 11: Australian FM,” November 3, 2000",
   "• BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific - Political",
   "“Fiji: Army chief says coup elements behind mutiny,” November 4, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -17.7,
  "lng": 178.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "95011022000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Laisenia Qarase",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1999-05-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 544,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_2000_coup"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Death Toll in Fiji’s Mutiny Rises to 11: Australian FM,” November 3, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fiji: Army chief says coup elements behind mutiny,” November 4, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411232000",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2000-11-23",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2000-11-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C 3%A 9",
   "• New York Times",
   "“General Seems to Be Building Toward a Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” November 24, 2000",
   "• Philadelphia Tribune",
   "“Army patrols Guinea-Bissau capital after clashes,” November 24, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40411232000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-2000-11-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2000-01-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 312,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansumane_Man%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General Seems to Be Building Toward a Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” November 24, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Philadelphia Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army patrols Guinea-Bissau capital after clashes,” November 24, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81111242000",
  "country": "Cambodia",
  "country_iso3": "KHM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2000-11-24",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hun Sen",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cambodia on 2000-11-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhun_Yasith",
   "• New York Times",
   "“8 Die In Armed Attack On Government Offices In Phnom Penh,”by seth mydans, November 25,2000",
   "• The Times",
   "“Rag-tag gang tries coup in Cambodia,” November 25, 2000"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.6,
  "lng": 105,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81111242000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hun Sen",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "1998-07-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 852,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 8,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhun_Yasith"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“8 Die In Armed Attack On Government Offices In Phnom Penh,”by seth mydans, November 25,2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rag-tag gang tries coup in Cambodia,” November 25, 2000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "52212072000",
  "country": "Djibouti",
  "country_iso3": "DJI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2000-12-07",
  "year": 2000,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Guelleh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Djibouti on 2000-12-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacin_Yabeh_Galeb",
   "• China Daily",
   "“IN BRIEF,” page 12, December 8, 2000 “IN BRIEF,” page 8, December 9, 2000",
   "• BBC News",
   "“Djibouti coup plotter released,” June 8, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": 42.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "52212072000",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-522-2000-12-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Guelleh",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1999-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 608,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacin_Yabeh_Galeb"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "China Daily",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“IN BRIEF,” page 12, December 8, 2000 “IN BRIEF,” page 8, December 9, 2000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Djibouti coup plotter released,” June 8, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43701072001",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2001-01-07",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Laurent Gbagbo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 2001-01-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Coulibaly#cite_note-afp 20110428 portrait-1",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“RSA Editorial claims Cote d’Ivoirean conflict could ‘damage’ Nepad’s image,” November 14, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43701072001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-437-2001-01-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Laurent Gbagbo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 77,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 11,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Coulibaly"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“RSA Editorial claims Cote d’Ivoirean conflict could ‘damage’ Nepad’s image,” November 14, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84001202001",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2001-01-20",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Estrada",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; tried",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Philippines on 2001-01-20, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSA_Revolution_of_2001",
   "• Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Filipino history repeats itself,” January 22, 2001",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Philippines asks: was that a coup we just had,” January 22, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84001202001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Estrada",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1998-05-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 985,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.58,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSA_Revolution_of_2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Filipino history repeats itself,” January 22, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippines asks: was that a coup we just had,” January 22, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55303262001",
  "country": "Malawi",
  "country_iso3": "MWI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2001-03-26",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Muluzi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Malawi on 2001-03-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
   "“Malawi: Six arrested on treason charges,” March 27, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -13.3,
  "lng": 34.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55303262001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Muluzi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1999-06-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 650,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.48,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Malawi: Six arrested on treason charges,” March 27, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51604182001",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2001-04-18",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Buyoya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 2001-04-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing [Foreign Desk],” April 20, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51604182001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-2001-04-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Buyoya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2878,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing [Foreign Desk],” April 20, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84004292001",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2001-04-29",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 2001-04-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSA_III",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Philippine Military Officer Disclaims Links to Coup Plot,” April 29, 2001",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Philippines Declares ‘State of Rebellion’: Arrest of Estrada Loyalists Sought for Alleged Attempt to",
   "Overthrow New Leader,” May 2, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84004292001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1998-05-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1084,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.58,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSA_III"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippine Military Officer Disclaims Links to Coup Plot,” April 29, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippines Declares ‘State of Rebellion’: Arrest of Estrada Loyalists Sought for Alleged Attempt to Overthrow New Leader,” May 2, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48205282001",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2001-05-28",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Patasse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Central African Republic on 2001-05-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C 3%A 9_Kolingba",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Central African Republic rattled by coup,” by Lucy Jones, May 29, 2001",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Army coup in Central African Republic fails,” May 29, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48205282001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-2001-05-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Patasse",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1999-09-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 617,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": 300,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Kolingba"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic rattled by coup,” by Lucy Jones, May 29, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army coup in Central African Republic fails,” May 29, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51607222001",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2001-07-22",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Buyoya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Burundi on 2001-07-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• LA Sentinal",
   "“Burundian President Named to Lead,” July 26, 2001",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Attempted coup in Burundi threatens power-share plan,” July 24, 2001",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Burundi coup attempt mars peace talks,” July 24, 2001",
   "• Daily Telegraph",
   "“Coup to derail peace deal in Burundi fails,” July 24, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51607222001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-2001-07-22-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Buyoya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1993-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2973,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Sentinal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundian President Named to Lead,” July 26, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted coup in Burundi threatens power-share plan,” July 24, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi coup attempt mars peace talks,” July 24, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup to derail peace deal in Burundi fails,” July 24, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "85007232001",
  "country": "Indonesia",
  "country_iso3": "IDN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2001-07-23",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Wahid",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Indonesia on 2001-07-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid#2001_and_removal_from_power",
   "• New York Times",
   "“With Politics and Market in Mind, Megawati Picks a Cabinet,” August 10, 2001",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Beloved, Untried Megawati Is to Lead Indonesia — Sukarno’s Daughter Sworn In After Wahid Is",
   "Impeached,” July 24, 2001",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Jakarta Calm as Wahid departs,” July 26, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 113.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "85007232001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Wahid",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1999-06-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 777,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.67,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid#2001_and_removal_from_power"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“With Politics and Market in Mind, Megawati Picks a Cabinet,” August 10, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Beloved, Untried Megawati Is to Lead Indonesia — Sukarno’s Daughter Sworn In After Wahid Is Impeached,” July 24, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Jakarta Calm as Wahid departs,” July 26, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70011132001",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2001-11-13",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Mullah Omar",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Afghanistan on 2001-11-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_invasion_of_Afghanistan#Fall_of_Kabul",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pakistani Offensive Aims to Drive Out Taliban and Al Qaeda,” by David Rohde and Carlotta Gall,",
   "February 23, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70011132001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mullah Omar",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_invasion_of_Afghanistan#Fall_of_Kabul"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pakistani Offensive Aims to Drive Out Taliban and Al Qaeda,” by David Rohde and Carlotta Gall, February 23, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40412022001",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2001-12-02",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2001-12-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
   "“Guinea-Bissau: Top officers arrested following attempted coup,” December 3, 2001",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Coup foiled in Guinea-Bissau: [CITY EDITION],” December 4, 2001"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40412022001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2000-01-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 686,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa - Political",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau: Top officers arrested following attempted coup,” December 3, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup foiled in Guinea-Bissau: [CITY EDITION],” December 4, 2001"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04112172001",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2001-12-17",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Aristide",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 2001-12-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CBS News",
   "“Apparent Coup Attempt Foiled in Haiti,” December 17, 2001",
   "• New York Times",
   "“December 16-22: Business; Coup Attempt in Haiti,” December 23, 2001",
   "• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees",
   "“Attacks on the Press in 2001 - Haiti,” February 2002",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Haitian_coup_attempt"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04112172001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Aristide",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-11-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 386,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.44,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CBS News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Apparent Coup Attempt Foiled in Haiti,” December 17, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“December 16-22: Business; Coup Attempt in Haiti,” December 23, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attacks on the Press in 2001 - Haiti,” February 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Haitian_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58112192001",
  "country": "Comoros",
  "country_iso3": "COM",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2001-12-19",
  "year": 2001,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Azali Assoumani",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Comoros on 2001-12-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Calgary Herald",
   "“Comoros Soldiers Quell Mercenary Coup Attempt,” December 20, 2001",
   "• National Post",
   "“Coup Attempt Foiled By Com Or An Military: Five Foreign Mercenaries Killed, Officials Say,”December",
   "20, 2001",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Mystery Gunmen In Invasion Claim To Be U.S. Soldiers – Five Die in Surprise Atteck on Comoros",
   "in Indian Ocean,” December 20, 2001",
   "Congo, Republic of"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.9,
  "lng": 43.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58112192001",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-581-2001-12-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Azali Assoumani",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military personal",
  "last_election": "1996-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1886,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Calgary Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comoros Soldiers Quell Mercenary Coup Attempt,” December 20, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "National Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Foiled By Com Or An Military: Five Foreign Mercenaries Killed, Officials Say,”December 20, 2001"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mystery Gunmen In Invasion Claim To Be U.S. Soldiers – Five Die in Surprise Atteck on Comoros in Indian Ocean,” December 20, 2001 Congo, Republic of"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77503072002",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2002-03-07",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Than Shwe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Myanmar on 2002-03-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Relatives of Ex-Dictator of Myanmar Suspected of Plotting Coup,” March 10, 2002",
   "• The Observer",
   "“The World: Ex-dictator’s relatives ’plotted Burma coup’,” March 10, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77503072002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Than Shwe",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.1,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Relatives of Ex-Dictator of Myanmar Suspected of Plotting Coup,” March 10, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Observer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The World: Ex-dictator’s relatives ’plotted Burma coup’,” March 10, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70004012002",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2002-04-01",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hamid Karzai",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Afghanistan on 2002-04-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribume",
   "“Afghans hold 160 in alleged coup plot: Assassins, bombers were to destabilize nation, regime says,”",
   "by Liz Sly, April 5, 2002",
   "• The Scotsman",
   "“600 held in Afghan coup bid,” by Rory McCarthy, April 5, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70004012002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hamid Karzai",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "foreign-occupied",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.08,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribume",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Afghans hold 160 in alleged coup plot: Assassins, bombers were to destabilize nation, regime says,” by Liz Sly, April 5, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Scotsman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“600 held in Afghan coup bid,” by Rory McCarthy, April 5, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10104122002",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2002-04-12",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Hugo Chavez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 2002-04-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Questions Linger in Calm but Scarred Caracas,” April 16, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "10104122002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-101-2002-04-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Hugo Chavez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2000-07-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 621,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Questions Linger in Calm but Scarred Caracas,” April 16, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10104132002",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2002-04-13",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Hugo Chavez",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 2002-04-13, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Questions Linger in Calm but Scarred Caracas,” April 16, 2002",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Chavez’s resolve, foes’ mistakes doomed coup,” April 18, 2002",
   "• The Economist",
   "“Coup and counter-coup,” April 12, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": [
   "popular_mobilization",
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "10104132002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hugo Chavez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2000-07-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 622,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Questions Linger in Calm but Scarred Caracas,” April 16, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chavez’s resolve, foes’ mistakes doomed coup,” April 18, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup and counter-coup,” April 12, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70104142002",
  "country": "Turkmenistan",
  "country_iso3": "TKM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2002-04-14",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Niyazov",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Turkmenistan on 2002-04-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Times",
   "“Asian dictator thwarts plot,” April 20, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 38.97,
  "lng": 59.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70104142002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Niyazov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "1992-06-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 3584,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Asian dictator thwarts plot,” April 20, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43709192002",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2002-09-19",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Laurent Gbagbo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 2002-09-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_Civil_War",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Rebels in Ivory Coast Capture Major City as Envoys Mediate,” October 14, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43709192002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-437-2002-09-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Laurent Gbagbo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-10-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 697,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivorian_Civil_War"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels in Ivory Coast Capture Major City as Envoys Mediate,” October 14, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "79010042002",
  "country": "Nepal",
  "country_iso3": "NPL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2002-10-04",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Sher Bahdur Deuba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Nepal on 2002-10-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Nepal King, Urging Elections, Dismisses Premier and Takes Power,” by David Rohde, October 5,",
   "2002",
   "• BBC Monitoring International Reports",
   "“Nepal Top Court Backs King’s Sacking of Premier Deuba,” October 24, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28.4,
  "lng": 84.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "79010042002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sher Bahdur Deuba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "1999-05-03",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1250,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal King, Urging Elections, Dismisses Premier and Takes Power,” by David Rohde, October 5, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring International Reports",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal Top Court Backs King’s Sacking of Premier Deuba,” October 24, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48210252002",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2002-10-25",
  "year": 2002,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Patasse",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Central African Republic on 2002-10-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange-F%C 3%A 9 lix_Patass%C 3%A 9#2003.E 2.80.932008:_Ouster_and_",
   "criminal_charge",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Central African Republic fighting continues,” October 27, 2002",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Central African Republic Says It Has Ended Armed Rebellion,” October 31, 2002",
   "• St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
   "“Americans flee fighting in Central African Republic,” November 2, 2002"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48210252002",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-2002-10-25",
  "leader_in_power": "Patasse",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1999-09-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1132,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange-F%C3%A9lix_Patass%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic fighting continues,” October 27, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic Says It Has Ended Armed Rebellion,” October 31, 2002"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Americans flee fighting in Central African Republic,” November 2, 2002"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48203152003",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2003-03-15",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Patasse",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Central African Republic on 2003-03-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange-F%C 3%A 9 lix_Patass%C 3%A 9#2003.E 2.80.932008:_Ouster_and_",
   "criminal_charges",
   "• Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
   "“Mozambique: African leaders’ meeting in Maputo to discuss continental conflicts,” July 7, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48203152003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-482-2003-03-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Patasse",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1999-09-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1273,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange-F%C3%A9lix_Patass%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Broadcast Information Service",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mozambique: African leaders’ meeting in Maputo to discuss continental conflicts,” July 7, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45006042003",
  "country": "Liberia",
  "country_iso3": "LBR",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2003-06-04",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Taylor",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Liberia on 2003-06-04, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• National Post",
   "“Taylor boxed in as rebels advance on Liberian capital: Fighting moves ’closer and closer’,” June 7,",
   "2003",
   "• Breaking News.ie",
   "“Liberian president claims coup failed,” June 5, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -9.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45006042003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Taylor",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1997-07-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2146,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "National Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Taylor boxed in as rebels advance on Liberian capital: Fighting moves ’closer and closer’,” June 7, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Breaking News.ie",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Liberian president claims coup failed,” June 5, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43506082003",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2003-06-08",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 2003-06-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaouya_Ould_Sid’Ahmed_Taya",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“UN chief condemns coup attempt in Mauritania,” June 9, 20113",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Mauritania loyalists retake capital,” June 10, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43506082003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-2003-06-08",
  "leader_in_power": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1997-12-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2004,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaouya_Ould_Sid’Ahmed_Taya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“UN chief condemns coup attempt in Mauritania,” June 9, 20113"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania loyalists retake capital,” June 10, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40307162003",
  "country": "Sao Tome and Principe",
  "country_iso3": "STP",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2003-07-16",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Menezes",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sao Tome and Principe on 2003-07-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C 3%A 3o_Tom%C 3%A 9_and_Pr%C 3%ADncipe",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Coup Ousts Government of Sao Tome in West Africa,” July 17, 2003",
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Renegade troops seize power in oil-rich Sao Tome and Principe,” July 17, 2003",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Army overthrows government in Sao Tome,” July 17, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 0.2,
  "lng": 6.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40307162003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-403-2003-07-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Menezes",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2001-07-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 717,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.64,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup Ousts Government of Sao Tome in West Africa,” July 17, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Renegade troops seize power in oil-rich Sao Tome and Principe,” July 17, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army overthrows government in Sao Tome,” July 17, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84007272003",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2003-07-27",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 2003-07-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Nerves Were Jangled In The U.S. By A Purported Al Qaeda Tape,” August 4, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84007272003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "1998-05-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1903,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nerves Were Jangled In The U.S. By A Purported Al Qaeda Tape,” August 4, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40409142003",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2003-09-14",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2003-09-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C 3%A 1",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing Africa: Guinea-Bissau: Ousted President Quits,” September 18, 2003",
   "• Milan",
   "http://rulers.org/rulg 2.html",
   "http://rulers.org/indexs 2.html#seabr"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40409142003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-2003-09-14",
  "leader_in_power": "Kumba Iala",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2000-01-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1337,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing Africa: Guinea-Bissau: Ousted President Quits,” September 18, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Milan",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "http://rulers.org/rulg 2.html"
     },
     {
      "text": "http://rulers.org/indexs 2.html#seabr"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43910012003",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2003-10-01",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Campaore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2003-10-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Burkina Faso: Alleged coup plot foiled,” October 7, 2003",
   "• IHS Global Insights",
   "“Latest Developments in Burkina Faso Coup Plot,” October 10, 2003",
   "• Africa News",
   "“Burkina Faso; Suspected Coup Plotters Arrested,” October 7, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43910012003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Campaore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "1998-11-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1781,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.52,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso: Alleged coup plot foiled,” October 7, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "IHS Global Insights",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Latest Developments in Burkina Faso Coup Plot,” October 10, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso; Suspected Coup Plotters Arrested,” October 7, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37211232003",
  "country": "Georgia",
  "country_iso3": "GEO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2003-11-23",
  "year": 2003,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Shevardnadze",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Georgia on 2003-11-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze#Downfal",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Foes of Georgian Leader Storm Into Parliament Building,” November 23, 2003",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Protesters stage ’coup’ in Georgia,” November 23, 2003",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Bloodless Coup: Pro-West Leaders In Georgia Push Shevardnadze Out; Turmoil in Caucasus Nation",
   "May Signal Regional Shift,” November 24, 2003"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.3,
  "lng": 43.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37211232003",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Shevardnadze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-04-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1323,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze#Downfal"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foes of Georgian Leader Storm Into Parliament Building,” November 23, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protesters stage ’coup’ in Georgia,” November 23, 2003"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bloodless Coup: Pro-West Leaders In Georgia Push Shevardnadze Out; Turmoil in Caucasus Nation May Signal Regional Shift,” November 24, 2003"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04103012004",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2004-03-01",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Foreign-backed coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Foreign-backed, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Boniface Alexandre",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Foreign-backed coup in Haiti on 2004-03-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 ta",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Aristide, Now in Central African Republic, Has Harsh Words for the Haitian Rebels,” March 2, 2004",
   "• BBC Monitoring Americas",
   "“Trinidad Scientist says Aristide removal an informal ”coup d’etat,” March 2, 2004",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Canada parrots U.S. line on Haiti,” March 2, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04103012004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Boniface Alexandre",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2000-11-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1191,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.41,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9ta"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Aristide, Now in Central African Republic, Has Harsh Words for the Haitian Rebels,” March 2, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Americas",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trinidad Scientist says Aristide removal an informal ”coup d’etat,” March 2, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Canada parrots U.S. line on Haiti,” March 2, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "41103072004",
  "country": "Equatorial Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GNQ",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2004-03-07",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nguema Mbasogo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Equatorial Guinea on 2004-03-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing Africa: South Africa: Thatcher’s Son Protests,” October 27, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 1.7,
  "lng": 10.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "41103072004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nguema Mbasogo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2002-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 448,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing Africa: South Africa: Thatcher’s Son Protests,” October 27, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49003282004",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2004-03-28",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2004-03-28, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kabila",
   "• Arizona Republic",
   "“Congolese forces thwart apparent coup attempt,” by Eddy Isango, March 29, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49003282004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-490-2004-03-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kabila"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arizona Republic",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congolese forces thwart apparent coup attempt,” by Eddy Isango, March 29, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47503302004",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2004-03-30",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Obasanjo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 2004-03-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Nigerian army chief denies knowledge of army involvement in alleged coup,” April 2, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47503302004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Obasanjo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2003-04-19",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 346,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigerian army chief denies knowledge of army involvement in alleged coup,” April 2, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49006112004",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2004-06-11",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2004-06-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kabila",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Kinshasa rocked by fighting as coup plot is crushed: Rebels on the run in Congo but revolt exposes",
   "regime’s fragility,” June 12, 2004",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Xinhua world news summary at 0030 GMT, June 12,” June 12, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49006112004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-490-2004-06-11-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kabila"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kinshasa rocked by fighting as coup plot is crushed: Rebels on the run in Congo but revolt exposes regime’s fragility,” June 12, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Xinhua world news summary at 0030 GMT, June 12,” June 12, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43508102004",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2004-08-10",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 2004-08-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Ould_Hanenna",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Mauritania arrests 27 in coup plot,” August 9, 2004",
   "“Defense minister: Mauritania foils coup plot,” August 10, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43508102004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-11-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 277,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Ould_Hanenna"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania arrests 27 in coup plot,” August 9, 2004"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Defense minister: Mauritania foils coup plot,” August 10, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62509252004",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2004-09-25",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Sudan on 2004-09-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Irish Examiner",
   "“President raps failed coup bid,” September 27, 2004",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Reported coup attempt meets skepticism in Sudan,” September 27, 2004",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Opposition defector says former colleagues planned plot in Sudan,” September 25, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62509252004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2000-12-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1382,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Examiner",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President raps failed coup bid,” September 27, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Reported coup attempt meets skepticism in Sudan,” September 27, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Opposition defector says former colleagues planned plot in Sudan,” September 25, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43509272004",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2004-09-27",
  "year": 2004,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Mauritania on 2004-09-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Ould_Hanenna",
   "• BBC Monitoring Middle East",
   "“Mauritania announces arrest of alleged coup plotter,” September 29, 2004",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Woodside deal opens up Africa,” by Nigel Wilson, September 30, 2004"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43509272004",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-11-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 325,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Ould_Hanenna"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Middle East",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mauritania announces arrest of alleged coup plotter,” September 29, 2004"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Woodside deal opens up Africa,” by Nigel Wilson, September 30, 2004"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69801262005",
  "country": "Oman",
  "country_iso3": "OMN",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2005-01-26",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Qabus Bin Said",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Oman on 2005-01-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Arab News",
   "“Omanis Handed Jail Terms for Coup Plot,” May 3, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21.5,
  "lng": 55.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69801262005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Qabus Bin Said",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arab News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Omanis Handed Jail Terms for Coup Plot,” May 3, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "79002012005",
  "country": "Nepal",
  "country_iso3": "NPL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2005-02-01",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Sher Bahdur Deuba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Nepal on 2005-02-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal",
   "• New York Times",
   "“World Briefing Asia: Nepal: Soldiers Search For Children,” May 17, 2005",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Nepal’s king names new cabinet following coup,” February 3, 2005",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Nepalese ’palace coup’ draws fire,” February 2, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28.4,
  "lng": 84.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "79002012005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sher Bahdur Deuba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": "1999-05-03",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 2101,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyanendra_of_Nepal"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World Briefing Asia: Nepal: Soldiers Search For Children,” May 17, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal’s king names new cabinet following coup,” February 3, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepalese ’palace coup’ draws fire,” February 2, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46102052005",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2005-02-05",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Eyadema",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 2005-02-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C 3%A 9",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyadema",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Seizing of Power By Togo Military Is Condemned,“ by Lydia Polgreen, February 7, 2005",
   "• The Times",
   "“Togo ‘military coup’ hands leadership to President’s son,“ by Jonathan Clayton, February 7, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46102052005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Eyadema",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-06-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 615,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyadema"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Seizing of Power By Togo Military Is Condemned,“ by Lydia Polgreen, February 7, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo ‘military coup’ hands leadership to President’s son,“ by Jonathan Clayton, February 7, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70303242005",
  "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
  "country_iso3": "KGZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2005-03-24",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Akayev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Kyrgyzstan on 2005-03-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_Revolution#Post-election_violence",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akayev#Downfall",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Protests Force Leader to Flee In Kyrgyzstan,” March 25, 2005",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Deposed President Agrees to Resign,” April 4, 2005",
   "• BBC Monitoring Central Asia",
   "“Kyrgyz doctor says drugs barons had hand in coup,” April 2, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 74.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70303242005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Akayev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-02-02",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 781,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_Revolution#Post-election_violence"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akayev#Downfall"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protests Force Leader to Flee In Kyrgyzstan,” March 25, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Deposed President Agrees to Resign,” April 4, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Central Asia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kyrgyz doctor says drugs barons had hand in coup,” April 2, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48404102005",
  "country": "Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2005-04-10",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nguesso",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Congo on 2005-04-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Saudi Press Agency",
   "“Congo searches two foreigners for a coup plot,” April 11, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.2,
  "lng": 15.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48404102005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nguesso",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": "2002-03-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1127,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Saudi Press Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo searches two foreigners for a coup plot,” April 11, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13004152005",
  "country": "Ecuador",
  "country_iso3": "ECU",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2005-04-15",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Lucio Gutierrez",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Ecuador on 2005-04-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucio_Guti%C 3%A 9 rrez",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Ecuador’s President Revokes Curbs on Protests,” April 17, 2005",
   "• Bahrain News Agency- UPI Arabia 2000",
   "“State of emergency Ecuador’s President,” April 17, 2005",
   "• UPI NewsTrack",
   "“Ecuador’s president fires Supreme Court,” April 16, 2005",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Americas: Ecuador Ans Say ’No Mas’ to Gutierrez,” April 22, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -1.8,
  "lng": -78.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13004152005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lucio Gutierrez",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2002-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 873,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.7,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucio_Guti%C3%A9rrez"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador’s President Revokes Curbs on Protests,” April 17, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Bahrain News Agency- UPI Arabia 2000",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“State of emergency Ecuador’s President,” April 17, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "UPI NewsTrack",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ecuador’s president fires Supreme Court,” April 16, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Americas: Ecuador Ans Say ’No Mas’ to Gutierrez,” April 22, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40405252005",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2005-05-25",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Counter-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Henrique Pereira Rosa",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Counter-coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2005-05-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C 3%A 1",
   "• China Daily",
   "“In Brief,” May 26, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40405252005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Henrique Pereira Rosa",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2000-01-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1956,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "China Daily",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Brief,” May 26, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43508032005",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2005-08-03",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 2005-08-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaouya_Ould_Sid’Ahmed_Taya",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Troops seize city in Mauritania coup,” August 4, 2005",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Roundup: International Community Intensifies Pressure On Mauritanian Coup Leaders,”August 5,2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43508032005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-2005-08-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Sidi Ahmed Taya",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-11-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 635,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaouya_Ould_Sid’Ahmed_Taya"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops seize city in Mauritania coup,” August 4, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Roundup: International Community Intensifies Pressure On Mauritanian Coup Leaders,”August 5,2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37310192005",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2005-10-19",
  "year": 2005,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ilhma Aliyev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Azerbaijan on 2005-10-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhad_Aliyev",
   "• The Times",
   "“Ex-minister accused of a coup plot,” October 21, 2005",
   "• Xinhua News Agency",
   "“Former Azerbaijani health minister arrested for allegedly funding coup plot,” October 21, 2005"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37310192005",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ilhma Aliyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-10-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 735,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farhad_Aliyev"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-minister accused of a coup plot,” October 21, 2005"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Xinhua News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former Azerbaijani health minister arrested for allegedly funding coup plot,” October 21, 2005"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84002242006",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2006-02-24",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 2006-02-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Thousands protest amid coup fears:: [Final Edition],” February 25, 2006",
   "• Times - Colonist",
   "“Philippines president says she stopped coup:: [Final Edition],” February 25, 2006",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Arroyo’s moves against unrest rub nerves raw in Philippines: [2 Edition 1],” February 27, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84002242006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2004-05-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 655,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.46,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thousands protest amid coup fears:: [Final Edition],” February 25, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times - Colonist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippines president says she stopped coup:: [Final Edition],” February 25, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arroyo’s moves against unrest rub nerves raw in Philippines: [2 Edition 1],” February 27, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55203102006",
  "country": "Zimbabwe",
  "country_iso3": "ZWE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2006-03-10",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mugabe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Zimbabwe on 2006-03-10, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Mugabe police arrest ‘coup plotters after arms find’,” March 10, 2016",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Zimbabwe: 15 arrested in plot to overthrow Mugabe: [EARLY Edition],” March 10, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -19,
  "lng": 29.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55203102006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mugabe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2002-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1462,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mugabe police arrest ‘coup plotters after arms find’,” March 10, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zimbabwe: 15 arrested in plot to overthrow Mugabe: [EARLY Edition],” March 10, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48303152006",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2006-03-15",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 2006-03-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Chad tense as soldiers’ coup attempt is thwarted: [EUROPE 1 ST EDITION],” March 16, 2006",
   "• The Independent",
   "“World News IN BRIEF: Chad says army coup was foiled: [First Edition],” March 16, 2006",
   "• The Daily Mirror",
   "“AROUND THE WORLD: Coup foiled: [EIRE Edition],” March 16, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48303152006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2005-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 282,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad tense as soldiers’ coup attempt is thwarted: [EUROPE 1 ST EDITION],” March 16, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News IN BRIEF: Chad says army coup was foiled: [First Edition],” March 16, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Mirror",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“AROUND THE WORLD: Coup foiled: [EIRE Edition],” March 16, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42003232006",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2006-03-23",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Jammeh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gambia on 2006-03-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Newcastle-upon-Tyne",
   "“Military coup foiled: [01A Edition],” March 23, 2006",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“27 are arrested over Gambia ’coup plot’: [1],” March 30, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42003232006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jammeh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2001-10-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1617,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newcastle-upon-Tyne",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military coup foiled: [01A Edition],” March 23, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“27 are arrested over Gambia ’coup plot’: [1],” March 30, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304132006",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2006-04-13",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Chad on 2006-04-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“Chad Breaks Relations With Sudan; 350 deaths reported after coup attempt: [Chicago Final Edition]”",
   "April 15, 2006",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Chad government troops defeat rebel coup attempt:: [Final Edition]” April 14, 2006",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Chad Cuts Sudan Ties Over Rebel Incursion Leader Also Threatens To Expel 200,000 ofDarfur’srefugees:",
   "[3 Edition]” April 15, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304132006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2005-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 311,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 400,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Breaks Relations With Sudan; 350 deaths reported after coup attempt: [Chicago Final Edition]” April 15, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad government troops defeat rebel coup attempt:: [Final Edition]” April 14, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad Cuts Sudan Ties Over Rebel Incursion Leader Also Threatens To Expel 200,000 ofDarfur’srefugees: [3 Edition]” April 15, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51608022006",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2006-08-02",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nkurunziza",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 2006-08-02, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• UPI Newstrack",
   "“8 charged with Burundi coup plot,” August 2, 2006",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa",
   "“Burundi: Senior army officer arrested as coup crackdown continues,” August 3, 2006",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“Burundi arrests after ‘coup plot’,” August 3, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51608022006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nkurunziza",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2005-02-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 520,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "UPI Newstrack",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“8 charged with Burundi coup plot,” August 2, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi: Senior army officer arrested as coup crackdown continues,” August 3, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundi arrests after ‘coup plot’,” August 3, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37209062006",
  "country": "Georgia",
  "country_iso3": "GEO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2006-09-06",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Saakashvili",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Georgia on 2006-09-06, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Daily News Bulletin",
   "“GEORGIA ARRESTS 29 IN ALLEGED COUP PLOT: [Daily Report Edition],” September 6, 2006",
   "• BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union",
   "“Opposition leader confesses to plotting coup in Georgia,” September 9, 2006",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Tensions spike as Georgia alleges coup: GEORGIA CHARGED 14 opposition leaders with treason",
   "amid struggle over Russian versus Western tilt,” September 11, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.3,
  "lng": 43.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37209062006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saakashvili",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2004-01-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 976,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily News Bulletin",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“GEORGIA ARRESTS 29 IN ALLEGED COUP PLOT: [Daily Report Edition],” September 6, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Opposition leader confesses to plotting coup in Georgia,” September 9, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tensions spike as Georgia alleges coup: GEORGIA CHARGED 14 opposition leaders with treason amid struggle over Russian versus Western tilt,” September 11, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80009192006",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2006-09-19",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Thaksin Shinawatra",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; tried; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 2006-09-19, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; tried; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Investors express hope on economic benefits from bloodless coup The overthrow of Thaksin’s gov-",
   "ernment may bring more stability and help overcome weak business confidence, writes Amy Kazmin:",
   "[LONDON 1 ST EDITION],” September 21, 2006",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Thai coup uproots a thin democracy ; Thailand’s king endorsed the military leaders of Tuesday’s",
   "bloodless overthrow of Prime Minister Thaksin.: [ALL Edition],” September 21, 2006",
   "• The Economist",
   "“Special Report: Old Soldiers, oldhabits-Thailand’s military coup; Thailand’s military coup,”Septem-",
   "ber 23, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "80009192006",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-THA-2006",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-2006-09-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Thaksin Shinawatra",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2006-04-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 170,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.51,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Investors express hope on economic benefits from bloodless coup The overthrow of Thaksin’s government may bring more stability and help overcome weak business confidence, writes Amy Kazmin: [LONDON 1 ST EDITION],” September 21, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thai coup uproots a thin democracy ; Thailand’s king endorsed the military leaders of Tuesday’s bloodless overthrow of Prime Minister Thaksin.: [ALL Edition],” September 21, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Special Report: Old Soldiers, oldhabits-Thailand’s military coup; Thailand’s military coup,”September 23, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58011182006",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2006-11-18",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Marc Ravalomanana",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 2006-11-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• UPI Newstrack",
   "“General attempts coup in Madagascar,” November 18, 2006",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Soldier Killed in Pre-Election Gunfire in Madagascar,” November 19, 2006",
   "• BBC Monitoring Africa",
   "“Madagascar: Eight presidential candidates offer support to renegade general,” November 23, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58011182006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Marc Ravalomanana",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2001-12-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1798,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "UPI Newstrack",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“General attempts coup in Madagascar,” November 18, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldier Killed in Pre-Election Gunfire in Madagascar,” November 19, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Africa",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar: Eight presidential candidates offer support to renegade general,” November 23, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "95012052006",
  "country": "Fiji",
  "country_iso3": "FJI",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "2006-12-05",
  "year": 2006,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Laisenia Qarase",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Fiji on 2006-12-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Military takes power in bloodless coup in Fiji,” December 6, 2006",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Fiji’s army takes over in fourth coup in 20 years,” December 6, 2006",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Fiji’sbusiness-as-usual coup d’etat; Personal Feuds And Ethnic Tensions Tuesday Sparked Fiji’sfourth",
   "coup d’etat in two decades.: [ALL Edition]” December 6, 2006"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -17.7,
  "lng": 178.1,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "95012052006",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-950-2006-12-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Laisenia Qarase",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2006-05-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 204,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.53,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military takes power in bloodless coup in Fiji,” December 6, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fiji’s army takes over in fourth coup in 20 years,” December 6, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Fiji’sbusiness-as-usual coup d’etat; Personal Feuds And Ethnic Tensions Tuesday Sparked Fiji’sfourth coup d’etat in two decades.: [ALL Edition]” December 6, 2006"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77101112007",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2007-01-11",
  "year": 2007,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation",
  "target_leader": "Iajuddin",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 2007-01-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E 2%80%932008_Bangladeshi_political_crisis",
   "• The Associated Press",
   "“With political crises looming, Bangladeshis are looking to the army to restore order,” December 16,",
   "2006",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Bangladesh generals plan anti-corruption drive The military leaders now controlling the government",
   "in Dhaka want to cleanse the political system,” January 17, 2007"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77101112007",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Iajuddin",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2001-10-01",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1928,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%932008_Bangladeshi_political_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“With political crises looming, Bangladeshis are looking to the army to restore order,” December 16, 2006"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh generals plan anti-corruption drive The military leaders now controlling the government in Dhaka want to cleanse the political system,” January 17, 2007"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55205292007",
  "country": "Zimbabwe",
  "country_iso3": "ZWE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2007-05-29",
  "year": 2007,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mugabe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zimbabwe on 2007-05-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Seven army officers seized over ‘coup plot’ against Mugabe,” June 14, 2007",
   "• Calgary Herald",
   "“Coup plot stirs Zimbabwe: [Final Edition],” June 16, 2007",
   "• Belfast Telegraph",
   "“Zimbabwe general linked to coup ‘murdered’ Zimbabwe general linked to coup ‘murdered’,” June 28,",
   "2007"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -19,
  "lng": 29.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "55205292007",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mugabe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2002-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1907,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Seven army officers seized over ‘coup plot’ against Mugabe,” June 14, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Calgary Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot stirs Zimbabwe: [Final Edition],” June 16, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Belfast Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zimbabwe general linked to coup ‘murdered’ Zimbabwe general linked to coup ‘murdered’,” June 28, 2007"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "81206052007",
  "country": "Laos",
  "country_iso3": "LAO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2007-06-05",
  "year": 2007,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sayasone",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Laos on 2007-06-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Australian",
   "“Laos coup planners in court: [6 NSW Country Edition],” June 6, 2007",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“US group ‘plotted Laos coup’ in Laos,” June 18, 2007",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Laos exiles held over plot to oust Communists ; WORLD: [4 TH Edition],” June 18, 2007"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19.9,
  "lng": 102.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "81206052007",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sayasone",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2006-04-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 401,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.09,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laos coup planners in court: [6 NSW Country Edition],” June 6, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“US group ‘plotted Laos coup’ in Laos,” June 18, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Laos exiles held over plot to oust Communists ; WORLD: [4 TH Edition],” June 18, 2007"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "84011292007",
  "country": "Philippines",
  "country_iso3": "PHL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2007-11-29",
  "year": 2007,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Philippines on 2007-11-29, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Calgary Herald",
   "“Botched coup in Philippines ends with no casualties: [Final Edition],” November 30, 2007",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Philippines troops storm hotel to thwart rebels: [T WA First Edition],” November 30, 2007",
   "• The Courier - Mail",
   "“Troops storm hotel to quell coup bid: [6 Late City Edition],” November 30, 2007"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 121.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "84011292007",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2004-05-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1298,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.46,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Calgary Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Botched coup in Philippines ends with no casualties: [Final Edition],” November 30, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Philippines troops storm hotel to thwart rebels: [T WA First Edition],” November 30, 2007"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Courier - Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Troops storm hotel to quell coup bid: [6 Late City Edition],” November 30, 2007"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48302022008",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2008-02-02",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Chad on 2008-02-02, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%27 Djamena_(2008)",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Chad rebels reported close to capital,” February 2, 2008",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Chad coup repelled: [Final Edition],” February 7, 2008",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Calm settles in Chad, but war ‘not over’ Fighting heightened tensions with Sudan: [1 Edition],”",
   "February 8, 2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48302022008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2006-05-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 640,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 165,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%27Djamena_(2008)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad rebels reported close to capital,” February 2, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad coup repelled: [Final Edition],” February 7, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Calm settles in Chad, but war ‘not over’ Fighting heightened tensions with Sudan: [1 Edition],” February 8, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "86002112008",
  "country": "East Timor",
  "country_iso3": "TLS",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2008-02-11",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ramos-Horta",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Dissident coup in East Timor on 2008-02-11, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Wall Street Journal",
   "“Politics & Economics: East Timor Declares State Of Emergency,” February 12, 2008",
   "• The Canberra Times",
   "“Attempted coup highlights East Timor’s fragility,” February 12, 2008",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Coming days critical for East Timor - campaigner,” February 13, 2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -8.9,
  "lng": 125.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "86002112008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ramos-Horta",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2007-05-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 278,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.61,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Politics & Economics: East Timor Declares State Of Emergency,” February 12, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Canberra Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attempted coup highlights East Timor’s fragility,” February 12, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coming days critical for East Timor - campaigner,” February 13, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43508062008",
  "country": "Mauritania",
  "country_iso3": "MRT",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2008-08-06",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ould Cheikh Abdellahi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mauritania on 2008-08-06, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Coup overthrows Mauritania leader,” August 7, 2008",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Coup Rocks Mauritania; President, premier arrested as military forms‘state council’,”August 7,2008",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Generals in coup promise elections,” August 8, 2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 21,
  "lng": -10.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43508062008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-435-2008-08-06",
  "leader_in_power": "Ould Cheikh Abdellahi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2007-03-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 500,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup overthrows Mauritania leader,” August 7, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Rocks Mauritania; President, premier arrested as military forms‘state council’,”August 7,2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Generals in coup promise elections,” August 8, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40408082008",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2008-08-08",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Vieira",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2008-08-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Navy chief held in coup bid,” August 9, 2008",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Admiral arrested after coup attempt,” August 9, 2008",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Guinea-Bissau ‘coup plotter’ held,” August 19, 2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40408082008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Vieira",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2005-07-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1111,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Navy chief held in coup bid,” August 9, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Admiral arrested after coup attempt,” August 9, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau ‘coup plotter’ held,” August 19, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411232008",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2008-11-23",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Vieira",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2008-11-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup attempt fails in Guinea-Bissau,” November 24, 2008",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Guinea-Bissau leader is attacked,” November 24, 2008",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Guinea-Bissau hunts ‘coup leader’,” November 25, 2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40411232008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-2008-11-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Vieira",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2005-07-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1218,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt fails in Guinea-Bissau,” November 24, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau leader is attacked,” November 24, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau hunts ‘coup leader’,” November 25, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43812232008",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2008-12-23",
  "year": 2008,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Conte",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 2008-12-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Coup leader strengthens grip in Guinea,” December 26, 2008",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“A coup gradually takes hold in Guinea Top leaders submit to junior-level cadre,” December 26, 2008",
   "• The Times",
   "“Confusion reigns as soldiers attempt coup hours after reclusive dictator dies: Guinea,” December 24,",
   "2008"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43812232008",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-2008-12-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Conte",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2003-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1829,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup leader strengthens grip in Guinea,” December 26, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A coup gradually takes hold in Guinea Top leaders submit to junior-level cadre,” December 26, 2008"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Confusion reigns as soldiers attempt coup hours after reclusive dictator dies: Guinea,” December 24, 2008"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58003172009",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2009-03-17",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Marc Ravalomanana",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 2009-03-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: World Watch,” March 19, 2009",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“EU denounces ‘coup’ in Madagascar,” March 20, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58003172009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-580-2009-03-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Marc Ravalomanana",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2007-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 713,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.5,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: World Watch,” March 19, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EU denounces ‘coup’ in Madagascar,” March 20, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "46104172009",
  "country": "Togo",
  "country_iso3": "TGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2009-04-17",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Faure Gnassingbe",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Togo on 2009-04-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Modern Ghana",
   "“Brothers of Togo President Set For Court Over ‘Coup Plot,”’ August 30, 2011",
   "• France 24",
   "“President Denounces ‘Coup Attempt,” April 17, 2009",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Togo Army Backs President After Foiled Coup Plot,” April 21, 2009 “Togo Replaces Army Chief",
   "After April Coup Attempt,” May 18, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.6,
  "lng": 1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "46104172009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Faure Gnassingbe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2005-04-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1454,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Modern Ghana",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brothers of Togo President Set For Court Over ‘Coup Plot,”’ August 30, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "France 24",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Denounces ‘Coup Attempt,” April 17, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Togo Army Backs President After Foiled Coup Plot,” April 21, 2009 “Togo Replaces Army Chief After April Coup Attempt,” May 18, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57004222009",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "2009-04-22",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Mosisili",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Lesotho on 2009-04-22, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Cape Times",
   "“Two SA men among 7 held after failed Lesotho coup bid: Main Book,” April 24, 2009",
   "• The Pretoria News",
   "“Seven held after foiled bid to kill Lesotho’s PM: Main Book,” April 24, 2009",
   "• The Argus",
   "“Lesotho in turmoil as coup bid probed: Main Book,” April 26, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57004222009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mosisili",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2007-02-17",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 795,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.56,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Cape Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Two SA men among 7 held after failed Lesotho coup bid: Main Book,” April 24, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Pretoria News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Seven held after foiled bid to kill Lesotho’s PM: Main Book,” April 24, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Argus",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho in turmoil as coup bid probed: Main Book,” April 26, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53004242009",
  "country": "Ethiopia",
  "country_iso3": "ETH",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2009-04-24",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Meles Zenawi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ethiopia on 2009-04-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“NATION & WORLD,” April 26, 2009",
   "• The Daily Monitor",
   "“Opposition Denies Coup Plot,” April 28, 2009",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“Ethiopia arrests 35 ’coup plotters’,” April 30, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 40.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53004242009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Meles Zenawi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2005-05-15",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1440,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“NATION & WORLD,” April 26, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Opposition Denies Coup Plot,” April 28, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ethiopia arrests 35 ’coup plotters’,” April 30, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09106282009",
  "country": "Honduras",
  "country_iso3": "HND",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "2009-06-28",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Zelaya",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Honduras on 2009-06-28, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Honduran military ousts president ahead of vote.” June 28, 2009",
   "• The Gazette",
   "“Honduras Army Overthrows President; Costa Rica Exile; Soldiers Take Zelaya From Home In Dawn Coup,”",
   "June 29, 2009",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Coup Rocks Honduras—Army Exiles President, a chavez ally, Stoking Regional Tension,”June 29,",
   "2009",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Honduras gets an ultimatum after coup,” July 2, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": -86.2,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "martial_law_or_curfew"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "09106282009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-91-2009-06-28",
  "leader_in_power": "Zelaya",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2005-11-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1309,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.52,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduran military ousts president ahead of vote.” June 28, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Gazette",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras Army Overthrows President; Costa Rica Exile; Soldiers Take Zelaya From Home In Dawn Coup,” June 29, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Rocks Honduras—Army Exiles President, a chavez ally, Stoking Regional Tension,”June 29, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Honduras gets an ultimatum after coup,” July 2, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43812032009",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2009-12-03",
  "year": 2009,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Dadis Camara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; injured",
  "description": "Palace coup in Guinea on 2009-12-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; injured.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Times",
   "“Guinea leader ‘survives after coup attempt’: IN THE NEWS [Eire Region],” December 4, 2009",
   "• The Independent",
   "“From coup to counter-coup? Guinea plunged into chaos,” December 5, 2009",
   "• Cape Times",
   "“Junta in Guinea accuses French of coup attempt,” December 10, 2009",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Can Guinea avoid a violent power struggle?: While Guinea’s military ruler Capt. Moussa Dadis Ca-",
   "mara recovers from an assassination attempt, other junta leaders rejected a regional proposal Monday",
   "to deploy troops to prevent violence.” December 14, 2009"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43812032009",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dadis Camara",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2003-12-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2174,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea leader ‘survives after coup attempt’: IN THE NEWS [Eire Region],” December 4, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“From coup to counter-coup? Guinea plunged into chaos,” December 5, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Cape Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Junta in Guinea accuses French of coup attempt,” December 10, 2009"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Can Guinea avoid a violent power struggle?: While Guinea’s military ruler Capt. Moussa Dadis Camara recovers from an assassination attempt, other junta leaders rejected a regional proposal Monday to deploy troops to prevent violence.” December 14, 2009"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43602182010",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2010-02-18",
  "year": 2010,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Djibo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 2010-02-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Soldiers overthrow president of Niger,” February 19, 2010",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Mediator Seeks ‘New Start’ After Niger Coup,” February 20, 2010",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Niger demonstrators celebrate coup,” February 20, 2010"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43602182010",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-2010-02-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Djibo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2009-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 121,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers overthrow president of Niger,” February 19, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mediator Seeks ‘New Start’ After Niger Coup,” February 20, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger demonstrators celebrate coup,” February 20, 2010"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64002222010",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2010-02-22",
  "year": 2010,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Erdogan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 2010-02-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Times",
   "“Military Chiefs Among 50 seized over plot to overthrow government: Erdogan Orders Raids On Military",
   "schools in wake of ‘Sledgehammer’ revelation Turkey [Edition 2],” February 23, 2010",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Turkey coup plot: 12 officers charged as government takes on military,” February 24, 2010",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Turkey: Turkey arrests more military commanders for coup plot,” February 25, 2010"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "64002222010",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Erdogan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2007-07-22",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 946,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Chiefs Among 50 seized over plot to overthrow government: Erdogan Orders Raids On Military schools in wake of ‘Sledgehammer’ revelation Turkey [Edition 2],” February 23, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Turkey coup plot: 12 officers charged as government takes on military,” February 24, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Turkey: Turkey arrests more military commanders for coup plot,” February 25, 2010"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40404012010",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2010-04-01",
  "year": 2010,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Sanha",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2010-04-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Military Takeover Points to Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” April 1, 2010",
   "“Guinea-Bissau Premier Released from House Arrest,” April 2, 2010",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“President says Guinea-Bissau ‘calm’,” April 2, 2010"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40404012010",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-2010-04-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Sanha",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2009-07-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 249,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Takeover Points to Coup in Guinea-Bissau,” April 1, 2010"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau Premier Released from House Arrest,” April 2, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President says Guinea-Bissau ‘calm’,” April 2, 2010"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70304082010",
  "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
  "country_iso3": "KGZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2010-04-08",
  "year": 2010,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Otunbayeva",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Kyrgyzstan on 2010-04-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Protests topple Kyrgyz government, Roza Ot Un Bay Eva takes charge,” April 8, 2010",
   "“Nuclear treaty and an overthrow in Kyrgyzstan: two sides of Russia,” April 9, 2010",
   "• AKI Press News Agency",
   "“Assistant Secretary Robert Blake: U.S. does not see events in Kyrgyzstan as coup,” April 13, 2010"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 74.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70304082010",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Otunbayeva",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2009-07-23",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 259,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protests topple Kyrgyz government, Roza Ot Un Bay Eva takes charge,” April 8, 2010"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Nuclear treaty and an overthrow in Kyrgyzstan: two sides of Russia,” April 9, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "AKI Press News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Assistant Secretary Robert Blake: U.S. does not see events in Kyrgyzstan as coup,” April 13, 2010"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58011172010",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2010-11-17",
  "year": 2010,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Rajoelina",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 2010-11-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Madagascar Premier: Coup Leaders Aimed To Discredit Constitutional Referendum,”November 17,2010",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Madagascar Leaders Fight Coup Attempt,” November 17, 2010",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Madagascar officers ‘make coup bid’,” November 17, 2010"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58011172010",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-580-2010-11-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Rajoelina",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2007-04-04",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1323,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar Premier: Coup Leaders Aimed To Discredit Constitutional Referendum,”November 17,2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar Leaders Fight Coup Attempt,” November 17, 2010"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar officers ‘make coup bid’,” November 17, 2010"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61601142011",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2011-01-14",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Zine Al-Abidine Ben Ali",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Tunisia on 2011-01-14, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Tunisia Names Caretaker Government, Credits Army,” January 17, 2011",
   "“World News: Tunisia Taps Interim Rulers, Lauds Army — Diplomats, Officials Say Top Soldier’s",
   "Refusal to Fire on Protesters Was a Turning Point in Overthrow of President,” January 18, 2011",
   "• Irish Examiner",
   "“Tunisia arrests coup plotters as unity talks begin,” January 17, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61601142011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Zine Al-Abidine Ben Ali",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2009-10-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 446,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tunisia Names Caretaker Government, Credits Army,” January 17, 2011"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News: Tunisia Taps Interim Rulers, Lauds Army — Diplomats, Officials Say Top Soldier’s Refusal to Fire on Protesters Was a Turning Point in Overthrow of President,” January 18, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Examiner",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tunisia arrests coup plotters as unity talks begin,” January 17, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67901272011",
  "country": "Yemen",
  "country_iso3": "YEM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2011-01-27",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Saleh al-Hashidi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Yemen on 2011-01-27, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Winnipeg Free Press",
   "“Army decides what’s best for ‘nation’,” March 10, 2011",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“President Warns Of Bloody Civil War In Yemen As More Staff Defect To Rebels: Two Killed In Army Clashes",
   "with Republican Guard Opposition rejects Saleh’s offer of early departure,” March 23, 2011",
   "• The Independent",
   "“Defiant Yemen President warns ‘mutinous’ military of long, bloody civil war,” March 23, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 48,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67901272011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Saleh al-Hashidi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2006-09-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1590,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Winnipeg Free Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army decides what’s best for ‘nation’,” March 10, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Warns Of Bloody Civil War In Yemen As More Staff Defect To Rebels: Two Killed In Army Clashes with Republican Guard Opposition rejects Saleh’s offer of early departure,” March 23, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Defiant Yemen President warns ‘mutinous’ military of long, bloody civil war,” March 23, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65102112011",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2011-02-11",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Mubarak",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; tried",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 2011-02-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011#Post-revolution_timeline",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Cairo coup is welcomed (sort of) by the West,” February 12, 2011",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Egypt After Mubarak,” February 14, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65102112011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-651-2011-02-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Mubarak",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "2007-03-26",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1418,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011#Post-revolution_timeline"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Cairo coup is welcomed (sort of) by the West,” February 12, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Egypt After Mubarak,” February 14, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62002172011",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2011-02-17",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Libya on 2011-02-17, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Libyan leader’s big tent fraying: Gadhafi’s attempt to project an inclusive image is floundering as",
   "protests have led to 20 deaths,” February 18, 2011",
   "• Daily Mail",
   "“TYRANT ON THE BRINK: Tripoli Burns As Mobs Overrun Gaddafi Stronghold Despot’s defiant rant",
   "... from under an umbrella in his car as libya burns, world feels the shock waves[Edition 3],”February",
   "22, 2011",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Turmoil in the Middle East: Gadhafi vows fight to death, as fears of divisions multiply,” February",
   "23, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62002172011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Qaddafi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libyan leader’s big tent fraying: Gadhafi’s attempt to project an inclusive image is floundering as protests have led to 20 deaths,” February 18, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“TYRANT ON THE BRINK: Tripoli Burns As Mobs Overrun Gaddafi Stronghold Despot’s defiant rant ... from under an umbrella in his car as libya burns, world feels the shock waves[Edition 3],”February 22, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Turmoil in the Middle East: Gadhafi vows fight to death, as fears of divisions multiply,” February 23, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69206152011",
  "country": "Bahrain",
  "country_iso3": "BHR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2011-06-15",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hamad Isa Ibn Al-Khalifah",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Bahrain on 2011-06-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• AlArabiya",
   "“Bahrain sentences 10 Shiites to life in prison, stoking sectarian tensions,” June 21, 2011",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Bahrain activists get life sentences; Eight Shia Muslims charged in coup plot,” June 23, 2011",
   "• The Australian",
   "“Life for Shia activists over Bahrain uprising,” June 24, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26,
  "lng": 50.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69206152011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hamad Isa Ibn Al-Khalifah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.22,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "AlArabiya",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bahrain sentences 10 Shiites to life in prison, stoking sectarian tensions,” June 21, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bahrain activists get life sentences; Eight Shia Muslims charged in coup plot,” June 23, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Life for Shia activists over Bahrain uprising,” June 24, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43807192011",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2011-07-19",
  "year": 2011,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Alpha Conde",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 2011-07-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Edmonton Journal",
   "“Guinea president survives rocket attack,” July 20, 2011",
   "• New York Amsterdam News",
   "“UNREST SPREADS ACROSS THE CONTINENT WITH STRIKES, RALLIES AND ATTEMPTED",
   "COUPS,” July 21, 2011",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“Attack on home of Guinea president,” July 21, 2011"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43807192011",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-2011-07-19",
  "leader_in_power": "Alpha Conde",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2010-11-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 254,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Edmonton Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea president survives rocket attack,” July 20, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Amsterdam News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“UNREST SPREADS ACROSS THE CONTINENT WITH STRIKES, RALLIES AND ATTEMPTED COUPS,” July 21, 2011"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Attack on home of Guinea president,” July 21, 2011"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77101192012",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2012-01-19",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Hasina Wazed",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 2012-01-19, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Age",
   "“Bangladesh military foils overthrow plot: THE WORLD TOUR - COUP ATTEMPT,” January 21,",
   "2012",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Plotters kept Bangla army brass in the loop on govt overthrow? [South Asia],” January 22, 2012",
   "• The Frontier Post",
   "“Army coup bid against Bangladesh PM,” January 22, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77101192012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hasina Wazed",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2008-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1116,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Age",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh military foils overthrow plot: THE WORLD TOUR - COUP ATTEMPT,” January 21, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plotters kept Bangla army brass in the loop on govt overthrow? [South Asia],” January 22, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Frontier Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army coup bid against Bangladesh PM,” January 22, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "91001262012",
  "country": "Papua New Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "PNG",
  "region": "Oceania",
  "subregion": "Melanesia",
  "date": "2012-01-26",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "O'Neill",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Papua New Guinea on 2012-01-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: World Watch,” January 26, 2012",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Coup in Papua New Guinea fails: World Bulletin,” January 27, 2012",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Papua New Guinea: Military coup thwarted by government troops,” January 27, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -6.3,
  "lng": 143.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "91001262012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-910-2012-01-26",
  "leader_in_power": "O'Neill",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2007-06-30",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1671,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.47,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: World Watch,” January 26, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Papua New Guinea fails: World Bulletin,” January 27, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Papua New Guinea: Military coup thwarted by government troops,” January 27, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78102072012",
  "country": "Maldives",
  "country_iso3": "MDV",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2012-02-07",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Forced resignation",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nasheed",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Forced resignation in Maldives on 2012-02-07, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Protests Rock Maldives After Coup,” February 9, 2012",
   "“Rising Islamism Set Stage for Maldives Coup,” February 10, 2012",
   "• The Times of India",
   "“Maldives coup casts a shadow on tourists’ holiday plans [Mumbai],” February 9, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 3.2,
  "lng": 73.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78102072012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-781-2012-02-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Nasheed",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2008-10-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1217,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.6,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protests Rock Maldives After Coup,” February 9, 2012"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Rising Islamism Set Stage for Maldives Coup,” February 10, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of India",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Maldives coup casts a shadow on tourists’ holiday plans [Mumbai],” February 9, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43203222012",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2012-03-22",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Amadou Toure",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2012-03-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Economist",
   "“Mali-drama: A coup in Mali,” March 23, 2012",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: Officers Force Out Mali Government,” March 23, 2012",
   "• The Sunday Independent",
   "“Coup is a step back for democracy,” March 25, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43203222012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-2012-03-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Amadou Toure",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2007-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1789,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.61,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali-drama: A coup in Mali,” March 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: Officers Force Out Mali Government,” March 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sunday Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup is a step back for democracy,” March 25, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40404122012",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2012-04-12",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Pereira",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2012-04-12, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat#Coup_d’etat",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Military Topples Guinea-Bissau Government,” April 13, 2012",
   "• Shanghai Daily",
   "“Guinea-Bissau’s PM arrested in apparent coup,” April 14, 2012",
   "• Weekend Australian",
   "“Guinea-Bissau coup attempt,” April 14, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "40404122012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-404-2012-04-12",
  "leader_in_power": "Pereira",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2012-03-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 25,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat#Coup_d’etat"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Topples Guinea-Bissau Government,” April 13, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Shanghai Daily",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau’s PM arrested in apparent coup,” April 14, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Weekend Australian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau coup attempt,” April 14, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43204302012",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2012-04-30",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2012-04-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Counter-coup faces steep resistance from Mali junta,” May 1, 2012",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Mali capital rocked by claims of counter-coup: West Africa,” May 2, 2012",
   "• Shenzhen Daily",
   "“Counter-coup attempt fails in Mali,” May 3, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43204302012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-2012-05-01-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2007-04-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1828,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.61,
  "deaths": 15,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Counter-coup faces steep resistance from Mali junta,” May 1, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali capital rocked by claims of counter-coup: West Africa,” May 2, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Shenzhen Daily",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Counter-coup attempt fails in Mali,” May 3, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43706122012",
  "country": "Cote d'Ivoire",
  "country_iso3": "CIV",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2012-06-12",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Alassane Ouattara",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Cote d'Ivoire on 2012-06-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: Ivory Coast Says It Thwarted Coup Plot,” June 14, 2012",
   "• The Economist",
   "“Better late than never; Cote d’Ivoire’s capital,” June 16, 2012",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“WHAT’S GOING ON,” June 21, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.5,
  "lng": -5.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43706122012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Alassane Ouattara",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2010-11-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 562,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: Ivory Coast Says It Thwarted Coup Plot,” June 14, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Better late than never; Cote d’Ivoire’s capital,” June 16, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“WHAT’S GOING ON,” June 21, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40410212012",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2012-10-21",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nhamadjo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2012-10-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Guinea-Bissau blames Portugal for coup bid,” October 22, 2012",
   "• Cihan News Agency",
   "“Guinea-Bissau authorities accuses Portugal of an attempted coup,” October 23, 2012",
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Guinea-Bissau; Leader of coup attempt arrested,” October 29, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40410212012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nhamadjo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2012-03-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 217,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 7,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau blames Portugal for coup bid,” October 22, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Cihan News Agency",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau authorities accuses Portugal of an attempted coup,” October 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau; Leader of coup attempt arrested,” October 29, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62511222012",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2012-11-22",
  "year": 2012,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 2012-11-22, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• The Times",
   "“Former spy chief held over ‘coup plot’,” November 23, 2012",
   "• The Herald",
   "“Sudan authorities foil military coup,” November 23, 2012",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Sudanese opposition arrested over ‘coup’: World Bulletin,” November 23, 2012"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62511222012",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2010-04-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 956,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former spy chief held over ‘coup plot’,” November 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan authorities foil military coup,” November 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudanese opposition arrested over ‘coup’: World Bulletin,” November 23, 2012"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "53101212013",
  "country": "Eritrea",
  "country_iso3": "ERI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2013-01-21",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Isaias Afwerki",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Eritrea on 2013-01-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Eritrea Rocked by Possible Coup Attempt,” January 21, 2013",
   "• National Post",
   "“Soldiers attempt coup in Eritrea,” January 22, 2013",
   "• International Herald Tribune",
   "“Eritrean soldiers thwarted in attempt at overthrow: Mutineers briefly seize TV station in isolated",
   "and repressive nation,” January 23, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.2,
  "lng": 39.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "53101212013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Isaias Afwerki",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.07,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Eritrea Rocked by Possible Coup Attempt,” January 21, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "National Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers attempt coup in Eritrea,” January 22, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Herald Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Eritrean soldiers thwarted in attempt at overthrow: Mutineers briefly seize TV station in isolated and repressive nation,” January 23, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48305012013",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2013-05-01",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 2013-05-01, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Taranaki Daily News",
   "“Chad foils coup attempt,” May 3, 2013",
   "• New York Beacon",
   "“Central African U.S. ally survives coup attempt,” May 16, 2013",
   "• Michigan Citizen",
   "“Central African U.S. ally survives coup attempt by army officers,” May 19, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48305012013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-2013-05-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2011-04-25",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 737,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": 26,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Taranaki Daily News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad foils coup attempt,” May 3, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Beacon",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African U.S. ally survives coup attempt,” May 16, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Michigan Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African U.S. ally survives coup attempt by army officers,” May 19, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65107032013",
  "country": "Egypt",
  "country_iso3": "EGY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2013-07-03",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Morsi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; tried",
  "description": "Military coup in Egypt on 2013-07-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27 tat#30_June:_Anti-Morsi_demonstrations",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Morsi Ouster Challenges U.S. Engagement With Egypt; Administration Criticized for Failing to",
   "Condemn Egypt Military Moves,” July 3, 2013",
   "• The Independent",
   "“When is a coup not a coup? When the US decides not to call it one,” July 5, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Mohamed Morsi (deposed president)",
   "Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (defense minister who announced Morsi's removal and later became president)"
  ],
  "lat": 26.8,
  "lng": 30.8,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "troop_movement",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "65107032013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-651-2013-07-03",
  "leader_in_power": "Morsi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2012-12-15",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 200,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27tat#30_June:_Anti-Morsi_demonstrations"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Morsi Ouster Challenges U.S. Engagement With Egypt; Administration Criticized for Failing to Condemn Egypt Military Moves,” July 3, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Independent",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“When is a coup not a coup? When the US decides not to call it one,” July 5, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62010102013",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2013-10-10",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Nouri Abusahmain",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Libya on 2013-10-10, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• CNN Wire",
   "“Libya prime minister: Kidnapping was an attempted ’coup’,” October 11, 2013",
   "• New York Times",
   "“In Libya, Premier Calls Kidnapping Failed ’Coup’,” October 12, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62010102013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nouri Abusahmain",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "2012-08-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 427,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN Wire",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya prime minister: Kidnapping was an attempted ’coup’,” October 11, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Libya, Premier Calls Kidnapping Failed ’Coup’,” October 12, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62612152013",
  "country": "South Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SSD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2013-12-15",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Salva Kiir Mayardit",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in South Sudan on 2013-12-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“South Sudan Puts Down ‘Attempted Coup’; President Blames Forces Loyal to His Former Ally,”",
   "December 16, 2013",
   "“World News: South Sudan Foils ‘Coup’,” December 17, 2013",
   "• The Telegraph",
   "“Renegade vice-president denies South Sudan coup after fighting claims 400 lives,” December 18, 2013",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“South Sudan regime ’ready for ceasefire’: Olive branch offered to rebels as eight out of 11 detained",
   "politicians to be released,” December 28, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.9,
  "lng": 30,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62612152013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-626-2013-12-16",
  "leader_in_power": "Salva Kiir Mayardit",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2011-01-09",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 1071,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": 66,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Sudan Puts Down ‘Attempted Coup’; President Blames Forces Loyal to His Former Ally,” December 16, 2013"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News: South Sudan Foils ‘Coup’,” December 17, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Renegade vice-president denies South Sudan coup after fighting claims 400 lives,” December 18, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Sudan regime ’ready for ceasefire’: Olive branch offered to rebels as eight out of 11 detained politicians to be released,” December 28, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49012302013",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2013-12-30",
  "year": 2013,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2013-12-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Ottawa Citizen",
   "“Congo fends off suspected coup bid,” December 31, 2013",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Congo: TV station stormed during coup attempt,” December 31, 2013",
   "• The Daily Telegraph",
   "“Congo foils ‘coup plot’ after TV station is stormed [Edition 2],” December 31, 2013"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49012302013",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Joseph Kabila",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2011-11-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 763,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.32,
  "deaths": 103,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Ottawa Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo fends off suspected coup bid,” December 31, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo: TV station stormed during coup attempt,” December 31, 2013"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo foils ‘coup plot’ after TV station is stormed [Edition 2],” December 31, 2013"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36902222014",
  "country": "Ukraine",
  "country_iso3": "UKR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2014-02-22",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Yanukovych",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Ukraine on 2014-02-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution#20_February",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych Driven From Power; Yanukovych Leaves Capital and Decries",
   "What He Calls a Coup by ‘Bandits’,” February 23, 2014",
   "• The Sunday Telegraph",
   "“Ukraine’s Iron Lady hails revolution: ‘This is a country of free people’: President remains defiant as",
   "he condemns ‘coup by Nazis’ [Edition 2],” February 23, 2014",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Russia slams Ukraine upheaval as illegal ‘armed uprising’,” February 24, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48.4,
  "lng": 31.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36902222014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Yanukovych",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2010-02-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1476,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.46,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution#20_February"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych Driven From Power; Yanukovych Leaves Capital and Decries What He Calls a Coup by ‘Bandits’,” February 23, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sunday Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine’s Iron Lady hails revolution: ‘This is a country of free people’: President remains defiant as he condemns ‘coup by Nazis’ [Edition 2],” February 23, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russia slams Ukraine upheaval as illegal ‘armed uprising’,” February 24, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62005182014",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2014-05-18",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nouri Abusahmain",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Libya on 2014-05-18, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Times",
   "“Libya heads towards civil war as Islamists fight coup plotters: Libya,” May 20, 2014",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Comment: Coups And Terror Are The Fruit Of Nato’s war in libya: The Dire Consequences Of The West’s",
   "intervention are being felt today in Tripoli and across Africa, from Mali to Nigeria,” May 22, 2014",
   "• Palestinian Chronicle",
   "“Haftar Leads A Coup: A General’s Odd War on the Muslim Brotherhood,” May 28, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62005182014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nouri Abusahmain",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "2012-08-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 647,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya heads towards civil war as Islamists fight coup plotters: Libya,” May 20, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Comment: Coups And Terror Are The Fruit Of Nato’s war in libya: The Dire Consequences Of The West’s intervention are being felt today in Tripoli and across Africa, from Mali to Nigeria,” May 22, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Palestinian Chronicle",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haftar Leads A Coup: A General’s Odd War on the Muslim Brotherhood,” May 28, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "80005222014",
  "country": "Thailand",
  "country_iso3": "THA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2014-05-22",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Boonsonpaisan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; tried; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Thailand on 2014-05-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yingluck_Shinawatra",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“U.S. Cancels Exercises and Visits With Thailand in Response to Coup; Government Stops Short of",
   "Declaring Total Freeze in Military Relations With Thailand,” May 24, 2014",
   "“Protests Against Thailand’s Coup Test Army’s Resolve; One of Biggest Questions Is How Protest",
   "Movement Will Emerge From Coup,” May 24, 2014",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Coup in Thailand to receive king’s approval: Protests grow as more activists are detained: Royal",
   "backing lets junta general tighten his grip,” May 26, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Yingluck Shinawatra (prime minister, already removed from office by court order days before the coup)",
   "Prayut Chan-o-cha (army chief who declared martial law and led the takeover)"
  ],
  "lat": 15.9,
  "lng": 100.9,
  "tactics": [
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "media_seizure",
   "arrests",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "80005222014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-800-2014-05-22",
  "leader_in_power": "Boonsonpaisan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2014-02-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 109,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.45,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": true,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yingluck_Shinawatra"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Cancels Exercises and Visits With Thailand in Response to Coup; Government Stops Short of Declaring Total Freeze in Military Relations With Thailand,” May 24, 2014"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Protests Against Thailand’s Coup Test Army’s Resolve; One of Biggest Questions Is How Protest Movement Will Emerge From Coup,” May 24, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup in Thailand to receive king’s approval: Protests grow as more activists are detained: Royal backing lets junta general tighten his grip,” May 26, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "57008302014",
  "country": "Lesotho",
  "country_iso3": "LSO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Southern Africa",
  "date": "2014-08-30",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Thabane",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Lesotho on 2014-08-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Powell and Thyne",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Lesotho Military In Apparent Abortive Coup; Prime Minister Flees The Country, Though Army Stops",
   "Short of Toppling Government,” August 30, 2014",
   "“World News: Lesotho Seeks Calm After Fears of Coup,” September 2, 2014",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Why attempted coup in Lesotho presents regional dilemma,” September 2, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -29.6,
  "lng": 28.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "57008302014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-570-2014-08-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Thabane",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2012-05-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 826,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.62,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Powell and Thyne",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Lesotho Military In Apparent Abortive Coup; Prime Minister Flees The Country, Though Army Stops Short of Toppling Government,” August 30, 2014"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News: Lesotho Seeks Calm After Fears of Coup,” September 2, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Why attempted coup in Lesotho presents regional dilemma,” September 2, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43910302014",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2014-10-30",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Campaore",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2014-10-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Burkinab%C 3%A 9_uprising",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: Burkina Faso Army Seizes Power,” October 31, 2014",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Army takes over after flare-up in Burkina Faso: Power battle,” October 31, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43910302014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-2014-10-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Campaore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2010-11-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1439,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.6,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Burkinab%C3%A9_uprising"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: Burkina Faso Army Seizes Power,” October 31, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army takes over after flare-up in Burkina Faso: Power battle,” October 31, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42012302014",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2014-12-30",
  "year": 2014,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Jammeh",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gambia on 2014-12-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• IANS English",
   "“Five soldiers killed in attempted coup in Gambia,” December 30, 2014",
   "• International New York Times",
   "“U.S. Embassy confirms coup attempt in Gambia,” December 31, 2014",
   "• The Times",
   "“Gambian soldiers storm leader’s palace,” December 31, 2014"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42012302014",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-420-2014-12-30",
  "leader_in_power": "Jammeh",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2011-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1132,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": 3,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "IANS English",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Five soldiers killed in attempted coup in Gambia,” December 30, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“U.S. Embassy confirms coup attempt in Gambia,” December 31, 2014"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambian soldiers storm leader’s palace,” December 31, 2014"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78001092015",
  "country": "Sri Lanka",
  "country_iso3": "LKA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2015-01-09",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "M. Rajapakse",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Sri Lanka on 2015-01-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_alleged_Sri_Lankan_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Sri Lanka to probe alleged coup attempt by ex-president,” January 11, 2015",
   "“Former Sri Lankan leader denies he attempted coup after loss,” January 13, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": 80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78001092015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "M. Rajapakse",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2015-01-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_alleged_Sri_Lankan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sri Lanka to probe alleged coup attempt by ex-president,” January 11, 2015"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Former Sri Lankan leader denies he attempted coup after loss,” January 13, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67901222015",
  "country": "Yemen",
  "country_iso3": "YEM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2015-01-22",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Hadi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Yemen on 2015-01-22, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Telegraph",
   "“Yemen rebels ‘storm presidential palace’ amid coup fears,” January 20, 2015",
   "• The Daily Star",
   "“Houthi coup plunges Yemen into anarchy,” January 21, 2015",
   "• The Times",
   "“Al-Qaeda poised to exploit coup in Yemen: Yemen,” January 22, 2015",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Yemen In Danger Of Becoming Failed State As President Resigns: Had I Decision Marks Abrupt Turnaround",
   "after power-sharing deal was agreed,” January 23, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.6,
  "lng": 48,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67901222015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hadi",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2012-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1066,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Yemen rebels ‘storm presidential palace’ amid coup fears,” January 20, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Houthi coup plunges Yemen into anarchy,” January 21, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Al-Qaeda poised to exploit coup in Yemen: Yemen,” January 22, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Yemen In Danger Of Becoming Failed State As President Resigns: Had I Decision Marks Abrupt Turnaround after power-sharing deal was agreed,” January 23, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10102122015",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2015-02-12",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 2015-02-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Venezuela Defense Chief Pledges Loyalty as Government Says Coup Plot Foiled; Air Force General,",
   "Several Others Arrested in Latest Accusation of Conspiracy Against Government,” February 14, 2015",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Journal: Letter: Venezuela S coup plot must be condemned,” February 19, 2015",
   "• The Economist",
   "“A slow-motion coup; Venezuela’s crackdown,” February 28, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10102122015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2013-04-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 669,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Defense Chief Pledges Loyalty as Government Says Coup Plot Foiled; Air Force General, Several Others Arrested in Latest Accusation of Conspiracy Against Government,” February 14, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Journal: Letter: Venezuela S coup plot must be condemned,” February 19, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A slow-motion coup; Venezuela’s crackdown,” February 28, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "51605132015",
  "country": "Burundi",
  "country_iso3": "BDI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2015-05-13",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Nkurunziza",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burundi on 2015-05-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Burundian Protesters Cheer Coup Claim: Street Celebrations Erupt As Army General Announces Overthrow",
   "of controversial President while he is out of country,” May 14, 2015",
   "• The East African",
   "“Top Burundi general announces overthrow of president,” May 13, 2015",
   "“48 hours: Inside Burundi coup that could have been but never was,” May 16, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -3.4,
  "lng": 29.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "51605132015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-516-2015-05-13",
  "leader_in_power": "Nkurunziza",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2010-06-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1780,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": 12,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burundian Protesters Cheer Coup Claim: Street Celebrations Erupt As Army General Announces Overthrow of controversial President while he is out of country,” May 14, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The East African",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Top Burundi general announces overthrow of president,” May 13, 2015"
     },
     {
      "text": "“48 hours: Inside Burundi coup that could have been but never was,” May 16, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43909162015",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2015-09-16",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kafando",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2015-09-16, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Inner City Press",
   "“On Burkina Faso, IPU Condemns Overthrow, Ban Was Silent, Spoke,” September 17, 2015",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: Burkina Faso Coup Is Overturned,” September 24, 2015",
   "• The Epoch Times",
   "“Burkina Faso President Back in Power 1 Week After Coup,” September 24, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43909162015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-2015-09-17",
  "leader_in_power": "Kafando",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2010-11-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1760,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": 10,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Inner City Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“On Burkina Faso, IPU Condemns Overthrow, Ban Was Silent, Spoke,” September 17, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: Burkina Faso Coup Is Overturned,” September 24, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Epoch Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso President Back in Power 1 Week After Coup,” September 24, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43909232015",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2015-09-23",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Counter-coup",
  "target_leader": "Kafando",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2015-09-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“World News: Burkina Faso Coup Is Overturned,” September 24, 2015",
   "• The Epoch Times",
   "“Burkina Faso President Back in Power 1 Week After Coup,” September 24, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43909232015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kafando",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2010-11-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1767,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“World News: Burkina Faso Coup Is Overturned,” September 24, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Epoch Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso President Back in Power 1 Week After Coup,” September 24, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43612172015",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2015-12-17",
  "year": 2015,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Issoufou",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 2015-12-17, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CSP",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Niger’s President Says a Coup Is Stopped; Mahamadou Issoufou says air force officers had plotted",
   "against government,” December 17, 2015",
   "“World News: World Watch,” December 18, 2015",
   "• The Citizen",
   "“Niger says nine military officers arrested over ‘coup plot’,” December 20, 2015"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43612172015",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Issoufou",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2011-03-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1741,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CSP",
    "cites": []
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger’s President Says a Coup Is Stopped; Mahamadou Issoufou says air force officers had plotted against government,” December 17, 2015"
     },
     {
      "text": "“World News: World Watch,” December 18, 2015"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Citizen",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger says nine military officers arrested over ‘coup plot’,” December 20, 2015"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "54001302016",
  "country": "Angola",
  "country_iso3": "AGO",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2016-01-30",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Dos Santos",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Angola on 2016-01-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Legal Brief",
   "“Coup Plotters Jailed,” March 20, 2017",
   "• News 24",
   "“Angola Coup Trial Opens With 35 Accused,” December 4, 2016",
   "“Angola Jails Alleged Coup Plotters For Up to 10 Years,” March 16, 2017"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -11.2,
  "lng": 17.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "54001302016",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dos Santos",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2012-08-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1247,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Legal Brief",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Plotters Jailed,” March 20, 2017"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "News 24",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Angola Coup Trial Opens With 35 Accused,” December 4, 2016"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Angola Jails Alleged Coup Plotters For Up to 10 Years,” March 16, 2017"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "64007152016",
  "country": "Turkey",
  "country_iso3": "TUR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2016-07-15",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Erdogan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Turkey on 2016-07-15, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Daily Record",
   "“COUP IN TURKEY: Military Bid To Overthrow President Bridges Blockaded By Troops",
   "and tanks on streets TURKEY COUP POWER STRUGGLE ROCKS WEST’S MOST VITAL MID-",
   "DLE EAST ALLY tanks on the streets Chaos as military plotters claim to have seized country from",
   "Erdogan [Edition 2],” July 16, 2016",
   "• IANS English",
   "“Turkey coup attempt: Military leadership knew about coup hours before its occurrence,” July 20,",
   "2016",
   "• South China Morning Post",
   "“Interview: Turkish deputy prime minister says economic impact limited from failed coup: Turkish",
   "deputy prime minister insists attempted government overthrow will not have lasting economic impact,",
   "although growth may slow this year,” July 25, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (president, target of the coup attempt)",
   "Fethullah Gülen (cleric whose movement the government blamed for organizing the coup, and who denied involvement)"
  ],
  "lat": 39,
  "lng": 35.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "parliament_attack",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "64007152016",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-TUR-2016",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-640-2016-07-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Erdogan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2014-08-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 296,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Record",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP IN TURKEY: Military Bid To Overthrow President Bridges Blockaded By Troops and tanks on streets TURKEY COUP POWER STRUGGLE ROCKS WEST’S MOST VITAL MIDDLE EAST ALLY tanks on the streets Chaos as military plotters claim to have seized country from Erdogan [Edition 2],” July 16, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "IANS English",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Turkey coup attempt: Military leadership knew about coup hours before its occurrence,” July 20, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "South China Morning Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Interview: Turkish deputy prime minister says economic impact limited from failed coup: Turkish deputy prime minister insists attempted government overthrow will not have lasting economic impact, although growth may slow this year,” July 25, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37107172016",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2016-07-17",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sargsyan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Armenia on 2016-07-17, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Express",
   "“Armenia ‘attempted coup’: Gunmen storm police HQ in country bordering Turkey,” July 17, 2016",
   "• Daily Star",
   "“One dead in Armenia ‘attempted coup’ as gunmen storm police HQ in country bordering Turkey,”",
   "July 17, 2016",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Armenia: Armenia’s Security Service Rejects Coup Allegations as ‘Baseless’,” July 19, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37107172016",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sargsyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2015-12-06",
  "last_election_kind": "referendum",
  "days_since_election": 224,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Express",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia ‘attempted coup’: Gunmen storm police HQ in country bordering Turkey,” July 17, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“One dead in Armenia ‘attempted coup’ as gunmen storm police HQ in country bordering Turkey,” July 17, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia: Armenia’s Security Service Rejects Coup Allegations as ‘Baseless’,” July 19, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43910082016",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2016-10-08",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kabore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2016-10-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Burkinab%C 3%A 9_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat_attempt",
   "• The New Tribune",
   "“Burkina Faso: Government says it has a coup,” October 21, 2016",
   "• AllAfrica.com",
   "“Un coup d’Etat dejoue au Burkina Faso,” October 21, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43910082016",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kabore",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2015-11-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 314,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Burkinab%C3%A9_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso: Government says it has a coup,” October 21, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "AllAfrica.com",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Un coup d’Etat dejoue au Burkina Faso,” October 21, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62010142016",
  "country": "Libya",
  "country_iso3": "LBY",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2016-10-14",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Fayez al-Sarraj",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Libya on 2016-10-14, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E 2%80%932018)#Coup_d%27%C 3%",
   "A 9 tat_attempts",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Libya Coup Attempt As Tripoli Militias Seek To Topple Un-backed government; Government Of National",
   "Accord orders arrest of coup leaders who pledged to ’rescue Libya’ after taking key buildings and a",
   "TV station,” October 15, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 26.3,
  "lng": 17.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62010142016",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Fayez al-Sarraj",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "2012-08-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1527,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E2%80%932018)#Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempts"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Libya Coup Attempt As Tripoli Militias Seek To Topple Un-backed government; Government Of National Accord orders arrest of coup leaders who pledged to ’rescue Libya’ after taking key buildings and a TV station,” October 15, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "34110162016",
  "country": "Montenegro",
  "country_iso3": "MNE",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Southern Europe",
  "date": "2016-10-16",
  "year": 2016,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Dukanovic",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Montenegro on 2016-10-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“Were Russian nationalists behind a coup attempt in Montenegro?” November 7, 2016",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Montenegro/Russia: NATO-Montenegro Membership Certain Despite Russia Objection,”November",
   "7, 2016",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Finger Pointed at Russians in Alleged Coup Plot in Montenegro,” November 27, 2016"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.7,
  "lng": 19.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "34110162016",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dukanovic",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2012-10-14",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1463,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.48,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Were Russian nationalists behind a coup attempt in Montenegro?” November 7, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Montenegro/Russia: NATO-Montenegro Membership Certain Despite Russia Objection,”November 7, 2016"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Finger Pointed at Russians in Alleged Coup Plot in Montenegro,” November 27, 2016"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10103292017",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2017-03-29",
  "year": 2017,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Venezuela on 2017-03-29, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Venezuela court says it can take over congress’ powers,” March 31, 2017",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule,” March 30, 2017",
   "“Venezuela’s Descent Into Dictatorship; Editorial,” March 31, 2017"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10103292017",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2013-04-14",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1445,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela court says it can take over congress’ powers,” March 31, 2017"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule,” March 30, 2017"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela’s Descent Into Dictatorship; Editorial,” March 31, 2017"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "55211152017",
  "country": "Zimbabwe",
  "country_iso3": "ZWE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2017-11-15",
  "year": 2017,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Mugabe",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Zimbabwe on 2017-11-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Daily Star",
   "“Tanks roll into Zimbabwe capital as Robert Mugabe faces military COUP,” November 14, 2017",
   "• The Christian Science Monitor",
   "“What really fell in Zimbabwe’s coup,” November 15, 2017",
   "• The Telegraph",
   "“Zimbabwe Crisis: ‘Moment Of Hope’as robert mugabe’sir on grip on power evaporates-latest news,”",
   "November 15, 2017",
   "• Wall Street Journal",
   "“Zimbabwe Army’s power grab could mark end of robert mugabe’sReign; After 37 years of increas-",
   "ingly erratic rule, president confronts house arrest and a dubious future,” November 16, 2017"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Robert Mugabe (deposed president)",
   "Emmerson Mnangagwa (former vice president, sworn in as president days after the coup)"
  ],
  "lat": -19,
  "lng": 29.2,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure",
   "leader_detention",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 6,
  "cline_id": "55211152017",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-ZWE-2017",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-552-2017-11-15",
  "leader_in_power": "Mugabe",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-based",
  "last_election": "2013-07-31",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1568,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tanks roll into Zimbabwe capital as Robert Mugabe faces military COUP,” November 14, 2017"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Christian Science Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“What really fell in Zimbabwe’s coup,” November 15, 2017"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zimbabwe Crisis: ‘Moment Of Hope’as robert mugabe’sir on grip on power evaporates-latest news,” November 15, 2017"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Zimbabwe Army’s power grab could mark end of robert mugabe’sReign; After 37 years of increasingly erratic rule, president confronts house arrest and a dubious future,” November 16, 2017"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37104232018",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2018-04-23",
  "year": 2018,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Sargsyan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Armenia on 2018-04-23, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Eurasianet",
   "“Armenia’s leader resigns amid peaceful mass protests: Protestors expressed long-held resentment",
   "toward sargsyan, who has led armenia through a period of economic stagnation and high-level corrup-",
   "tion.,” Joshua Kucera, April 23, 2018 “Armenia’s ”Velvet Revolution” keeps peace with Russia - for",
   "now: Russia Appears To Accept Armenia’s protest leader, but his politics may be at odds with moscow’s",
   "interests there.,” Joshua Kucera, April 26, 2018",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Armenia: Armenia’s Prime Minister Sargsyan Resigns Amid Opposition Protests,” April 25, 2018",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Armenian_Revolution"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37104232018",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sargsyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2017-04-02",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 386,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Eurasianet",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia’s leader resigns amid peaceful mass protests: Protestors expressed long-held resentment toward sargsyan, who has led armenia through a period of economic stagnation and high-level corruption.,” Joshua Kucera, April 23, 2018 “Armenia’s ”Velvet Revolution” keeps peace with Russia - for now: Russia Appears To Accept Armenia’s protest leader, but his politics may be at odds with moscow’s interests there.,” Joshua Kucera, April 26, 2018"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia: Armenia’s Prime Minister Sargsyan Resigns Amid Opposition Protests,” April 25, 2018"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Armenian_Revolution"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78011092018",
  "country": "Sri Lanka",
  "country_iso3": "LKA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2018-11-09",
  "year": 2018,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Sirisena",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Sri Lanka on 2018-11-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sri Lanka Faces Constitutional Crisis as President Unseats Prime Minister,” October 26, 2018",
   "“Crisis Builds In Sri Lanka As Parliament Is Dissolved,” November 10, 2018"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": 80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78011092018",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sirisena",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2015-01-08",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1401,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sri Lanka Faces Constitutional Crisis as President Unseats Prime Minister,” October 26, 2018"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Crisis Builds In Sri Lanka As Parliament Is Dissolved,” November 10, 2018"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48101072019",
  "country": "Gabon",
  "country_iso3": "GAB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2019-01-07",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ali Bongo Andimba",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gabon on 2019-01-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Daily Star",
   "“Army commanders arrested after military coup to OVERTHROW African government,” January 7,",
   "2019",
   "• The Times",
   "“Army rebels shot in bloody end to Gabon coup: Gabon,” January 8, 2019",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“Gabonese forces quell attempted coup: Security personnel storm radio station that was under siege,",
   "killing two and arresting seven,” January 8, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 11.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48101072019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-481-2019-01-07",
  "leader_in_power": "Ali Bongo Andimba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "2016-08-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 863,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": 2,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army commanders arrested after military coup to OVERTHROW African government,” January 7, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army rebels shot in bloody end to Gabon coup: Gabon,” January 8, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gabonese forces quell attempted coup: Security personnel storm radio station that was under siege, killing two and arresting seven,” January 8, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101232019",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2019-01-23",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Venezuela on 2019-01-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis#January",
   "• The Times",
   "“Protesters pour on to streets after Maduro crushes coup [Eire Region],” January 22, 2019",
   "• Toronto Star",
   "“Canada unlikely U.S. ally in backing Venezuela coup,” January 25, 2019",
   "• Irish Times",
   "“Maduro moves against rival Guaid´o: Venezuela’s president accuses opposition leader of staging a",
   "US-directed coup,” January 30, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101232019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-05-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 248,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis#January"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protesters pour on to streets after Maduro crushes coup [Eire Region],” January 22, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Toronto Star",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Canada unlikely U.S. ally in backing Venezuela coup,” January 25, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Maduro moves against rival Guaid´o: Venezuela’s president accuses opposition leader of staging a US-directed coup,” January 30, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61504022019",
  "country": "Algeria",
  "country_iso3": "DZA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2019-04-02",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Bouteflika",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Algeria on 2019-04-02, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC Monitoring Middle East",
   "“Arabic press says ‘Algerian Spring topples Bouteflika’,” April 3, 2019",
   "• The Daily Trust",
   "“The art of revolution: What went right in Sudan and Algeria,” April 19, 2019",
   "• The Economist",
   "“The putsch option,” April 20, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28,
  "lng": 1.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61504022019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bouteflika",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2014-04-17",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1811,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.3,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring Middle East",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arabic press says ‘Algerian Spring topples Bouteflika’,” April 3, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Trust",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The art of revolution: What went right in Sudan and Algeria,” April 19, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The putsch option,” April 20, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62504112019",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2019-04-11",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 2019-04-11, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• United News of Bangladesh",
   "“Sudan’s military overthrows president amid bloody protests,” April 12, 2019",
   "• The Times",
   "“Army ends 30-year rule of Sudan strongman: Sudan [Scot Region],” April 12, 2019",
   "• Morocco World News",
   "“Military Coup Overthrows Al-Bashir: What Happens in Sudan Now?” April 12, 2019",
   "• Sudan Tribune",
   "“Sudan’s third civilian uprising and the fourth military coup,” April 16, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62504112019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-2019-04-11",
  "leader_in_power": "Al-Bashir",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2015-04-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1459,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "United News of Bangladesh",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan’s military overthrows president amid bloody protests,” April 12, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Army ends 30-year rule of Sudan strongman: Sudan [Scot Region],” April 12, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Morocco World News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Coup Overthrows Al-Bashir: What Happens in Sudan Now?” April 12, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Sudan Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan’s third civilian uprising and the fourth military coup,” April 16, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10104302019",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2019-04-30",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 2019-04-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis#January",
   "• Daily Record",
   "“COUP DO YOU THINK YOU ARE?: Venezuela President Defies Uprising Opposition",
   "chief calls for army to overthrow ‘usurper’ leader Maduro,” May 1, 2019",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Venezuela: Venezuela: ‘Attempted Coup’ Underway, as Guaido Calls for Military to Help Oust",
   "Maduro,” May 2, 2019",
   "“Venezuela: Maduro Congratulates Military for ‘Defeating’ Coup Attempt as Guaido Calls for More",
   "Protests,” May 2, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10104302019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-05-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 345,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis#January"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Record",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“COUP DO YOU THINK YOU ARE?: Venezuela President Defies Uprising Opposition chief calls for army to overthrow ‘usurper’ leader Maduro,” May 1, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela: Venezuela: ‘Attempted Coup’ Underway, as Guaido Calls for Military to Help Oust Maduro,” May 2, 2019"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela: Maduro Congratulates Military for ‘Defeating’ Coup Attempt as Guaido Calls for More Protests,” May 2, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45209202019",
  "country": "Ghana",
  "country_iso3": "GHA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2019-09-20",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Akufo-Addo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Ghana on 2019-09-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Ghana: Ghana Foils ‘Elaborate Plot’ Targeting Government,” September 26, 2019",
   "• Daily Nation",
   "“Ghana Foils ‘Attempted Coup’,” September 24, 2019",
   "• Vanguard",
   "“Ghana Security Arrests Three Alleged Coup Plotters,” September 25, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": -1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45209202019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Akufo-Addo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2016-12-07",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1017,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.73,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana: Ghana Foils ‘Elaborate Plot’ Targeting Government,” September 26, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Nation",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Foils ‘Attempted Coup’,” September 24, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Vanguard",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ghana Security Arrests Three Alleged Coup Plotters,” September 25, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14511102019",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2019-11-10",
  "year": 2019,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Evo Morales",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 2019-11-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Leaders’ Exit Leaves Bolivia In Power Void,” by Clifford Kraus, November 12,2019",
   "• LA Times",
   "“Bolivian Leader Resigns Under Pressure; Move Comes After The Military Rejects His Offer Of A New Vote.,”",
   "November 11, 2019",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Many Wanted Morales Out. But What Happened In Bolivia Was A Military Coup; Popular Protests Calling",
   "for Morales’ resignation do not excuse the military’s intervention. Democracy is in grave danger in",
   "Bolivia,” by Gabriel Hetland November 13, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": [
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "14511102019",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Evo Morales",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "2019-10-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 21,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Leaders’ Exit Leaves Bolivia In Power Void,” by Clifford Kraus, November 12,2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "LA Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian Leader Resigns Under Pressure; Move Comes After The Military Rejects His Offer Of A New Vote.,” November 11, 2019"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Many Wanted Morales Out. But What Happened In Bolivia Was A Military Coup; Popular Protests Calling for Morales’ resignation do not excuse the military’s intervention. Democracy is in grave danger in Bolivia,” by Gabriel Hetland November 13, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "09202092020",
  "country": "El Salvador",
  "country_iso3": "SLV",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Central America",
  "date": "2020-02-09",
  "year": 2020,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Nayib Bukele",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in El Salvador on 2020-02-09, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salvadoran_political_crisis",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President Bukele, Brute Force Is Not the Way Forward for El Salvador,” February 14, 2020"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.8,
  "lng": -88.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "09202092020",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nayib Bukele",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-02-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 371,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.6,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salvadoran_political_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President Bukele, Brute Force Is Not the Way Forward for El Salvador,” February 14, 2020"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "67003062020",
  "country": "Saudi Arabia",
  "country_iso3": "SAU",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2020-03-06",
  "year": 2020,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Salman",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Saudi Arabia on 2020-03-06, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Chicago Tribune",
   "“KingSaud, 62, Forced To Quit Saudi Arabia Throne: Council Of Royal Family Strips Him Of Power’,”",
   "March 29, 1964",
   "• The Austin Statesman",
   "“King Saud Out; Faisal Takes Reins,” Farouk Nassar, March 31, 1964",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Saud Stripped of Power; Faisal Takes Full Control,” Dana Adams Schmidt, March 29, 1964",
   "• The Globe and Mail",
   "“King Saud Stripped Of Power, Revenues As Faisal Takes Over,” Dana Adams Schmidt, March 30,",
   "1964"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.9,
  "lng": 45.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "67003062020",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salman",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.01,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Tribune",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“KingSaud, 62, Forced To Quit Saudi Arabia Throne: Council Of Royal Family Strips Him Of Power’,” March 29, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Austin Statesman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“King Saud Out; Faisal Takes Reins,” Farouk Nassar, March 31, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Saud Stripped of Power; Faisal Takes Full Control,” Dana Adams Schmidt, March 29, 1964"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“King Saud Stripped Of Power, Revenues As Faisal Takes Over,” Dana Adams Schmidt, March 30, 1964"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43208182020",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2020-08-18",
  "year": 2020,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Keita",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2020-08-18, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Mali Coup Leaders Pledge Democracy After Deposing President,” August 19, 2020",
   "“Leaders of Mali Coup Cite Patronage and ’Bad Governance’,” August 20, 2020"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "leader_detention",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "43208182020",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-MLI-2020",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-2020-08-18",
  "leader_in_power": "Keita",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2018-08-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 737,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.52,
  "deaths": 4,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali Coup Leaders Pledge Democracy After Deposing President,” August 19, 2020"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Leaders of Mali Coup Cite Patronage and ’Bad Governance’,” August 20, 2020"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "00201062021",
  "country": "United States",
  "country_iso3": "USA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "North America",
  "date": "2021-01-06",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Trump",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in United States on 2021-01-06, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_",
   "election",
   "• New York Times",
   "“The hearing focused on how Trumps efforts to overturn the election threatened democracy,” June 21,",
   "2022",
   "• Chicago Daily Herald",
   "“DOJ investigating Trump’s post election activities,” July 27, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 37.1,
  "lng": -95.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "00201062021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Trump",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-11-03",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 64,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.81,
  "deaths": 5,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_ election"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The hearing focused on how Trumps efforts to overturn the election threatened democracy,” June 21, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DOJ investigating Trump’s post election activities,” July 27, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48201132021",
  "country": "Central African Republic",
  "country_iso3": "CAF",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2021-01-13",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Faustin-Archange Touadera",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Central African Republic on 2021-01-13, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2021)",
   "• The Associated Press",
   "“Central African Republic votes amid fears of unrest,” December 27, 2020",
   "• The Financial Times",
   "“Russian paramilitaries help in rout of CAR rebels: Overthrow plot,” January 27, 2021",
   "• The Irish Times",
   "“Central African Republic troops kill 44 rebels,” January 27, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.6,
  "lng": 20.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48201132021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Faustin-Archange Touadera",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-12-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 17,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.37,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2021)"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic votes amid fears of unrest,” December 27, 2020"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russian paramilitaries help in rout of CAR rebels: Overthrow plot,” January 27, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Irish Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Central African Republic troops kill 44 rebels,” January 27, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77502012021",
  "country": "Myanmar",
  "country_iso3": "MMR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Southeast Asia",
  "date": "2021-02-01",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Aung San Suu Kyi",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Myanmar on 2021-02-01, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN Wire",
   "“Myanmar’s military has detained leader aung san suu kyi in a coup. Here’s what you need to know,”",
   "February 2, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Biden Imposes Sanctions on Generals Who Engineered Myanmar Coup,” February 10, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Aung San Suu Kyi (deposed civilian leader, State Counsellor)",
   "Min Aung Hlaing (commander-in-chief who led the takeover and headed the resulting military government)"
  ],
  "lat": 21.9,
  "lng": 95.9,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "internet_cut",
   "media_seizure",
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "77502012021",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-MMR-2021",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-775-2021-02-01",
  "leader_in_power": "Aung San Suu Kyi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-08",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 85,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": 600,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN Wire",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Myanmar’s military has detained leader aung san suu kyi in a coup. Here’s what you need to know,” February 2, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Biden Imposes Sanctions on Generals Who Engineered Myanmar Coup,” February 10, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04102072021",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2021-02-07",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Jovenel Moise",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 2021-02-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Haiti President Alleges Attempted Coup Amid Dispute Over Term,” February 7, 2021",
   "• BBC",
   "“Haiti Political Termoil: Judge and Police Officer Among 23 Arrested for ‘Coup Attempt,” February",
   "7, 2021",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Coup Allegations and Rival Claims to the Presidency Deepen Haiti’s Crisis, by Anthony Faiola,",
   "February 8, 2021",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E 2%80%93 present)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04102072021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Jovenel Moise",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2016-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1540,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.4,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti President Alleges Attempted Coup Amid Dispute Over Term,” February 7, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Political Termoil: Judge and Police Officer Among 23 Arrested for ‘Coup Attempt,” February 7, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Allegations and Rival Claims to the Presidency Deepen Haiti’s Crisis, by Anthony Faiola, February 8, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37102252021",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2021-02-25",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Armenia on 2021-02-25, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Armenia PM Warns of Coup Attempt AFter Army Seeks His Resignation,” February 25, 2021",
   "• CNN",
   "“Armenian Prime Minister Says He is Facing an Attempted ‘Military Coup’ After Army Demands His",
   "Resignation, February 25, 2021",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Armenian Prime Minister Accuses Military of Attempted Coup,” February 25, 2021",
   "• York Times",
   "“Armenia in an Uproar, as Its Prime Minister Warns of an ‘Attempted Military Coup,”’, by Andrew",
   "W. Kramer, February 25, 2021",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Thousands Rally Behind Armenia’s PM After He Accuses Army of Coup Attempt,” February 25,",
   "2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37102252021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2018-12-09",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 809,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.78,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia PM Warns of Coup Attempt AFter Army Seeks His Resignation,” February 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenian Prime Minister Says He is Facing an Attempted ‘Military Coup’ After Army Demands His Resignation, February 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenian Prime Minister Accuses Military of Attempted Coup,” February 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia in an Uproar, as Its Prime Minister Warns of an ‘Attempted Military Coup,”’, by Andrew W. Kramer, February 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thousands Rally Behind Armenia’s PM After He Accuses Army of Coup Attempt,” February 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43603312021",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2021-03-31",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Issoufou",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 2021-03-31, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Niger government confirms military coup attempt thwarted,” March 31, 2021",
   "• CNN Wire",
   "“Arrests made in Niger attempted coup, days before President-elect’s inauguration,” March 31, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43603312021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-436-2021-03-31",
  "leader_in_power": "Issoufou",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 38,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger government confirms military coup attempt thwarted,” March 31, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN Wire",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Arrests made in Niger attempted coup, days before President-elect’s inauguration,” March 31, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "66304032021",
  "country": "Jordan",
  "country_iso3": "JOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2021-04-03",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Abdullah II",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Jordan on 2021-04-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Loud debates, fun banter: Mideast finds outlet in Clubhouse,” April 9, 2021",
   "• Tribune-Review",
   "“Report: Attempted coup thwarted in Jordan,” April 3, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.6,
  "lng": 36.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "66304032021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Abdullah II",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.26,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Loud debates, fun banter: Mideast finds outlet in Clubhouse,” April 9, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Tribune-Review",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Report: Attempted coup thwarted in Jordan,” April 3, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48304212021",
  "country": "Chad",
  "country_iso3": "TCD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2021-04-21",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Mahamat Idriss Deby",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; killed",
  "description": "Military coup in Chad on 2021-04-21, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; killed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Chad slain leader’s son takes power as rivals slam ’coup’,” April 21, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Chad Is Killed in Clashes With Rebels,” April 21, 2021",
   "“Chad Buries Slain Leader as Critics Accuse Military of Endorsing Coup,” April 24, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 15.5,
  "lng": 18.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "48304212021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-483-2021-04-20",
  "leader_in_power": "Mahamat Idriss Deby",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2021-04-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 10,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Chad slain leader’s son takes power as rivals slam ’coup’,” April 21, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Chad Is Killed in Clashes With Rebels,” April 21, 2021"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Chad Buries Slain Leader as Critics Accuse Military of Endorsing Coup,” April 24, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43205242021",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2021-05-24",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ba N'Daou",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2021-05-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Mali’s president and PM arrested by mutinous soldiers,” May 24, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Ousts Civilian Leaders in Mali,” May 25, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "arrests"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "43205242021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-432-2021-05-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Ba N'Daou",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2018-08-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1016,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.42,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali’s president and PM arrested by mutinous soldiers,” May 24, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Ousts Civilian Leaders in Mali,” May 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37007052021",
  "country": "Belarus",
  "country_iso3": "BLR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2021-07-05",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lukashenko",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Belarus on 2021-07-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC Monitoring",
   "“Belarus coup plot suspect transferred to prison hospital,” July 5, 2021",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Belarus: Lukashenko: Belarus Smoked Out Foreign-Backed Sleeper Terrorist Cells,” July 5, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 53.7,
  "lng": 27.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37007052021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lukashenko",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2020-08-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 330,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Belarus coup plot suspect transferred to prison hospital,” July 5, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Belarus: Lukashenko: Belarus Smoked Out Foreign-Backed Sleeper Terrorist Cells,” July 5, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "61607252021",
  "country": "Tunisia",
  "country_iso3": "TUN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2021-07-25",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Kais Saied",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Tunisia on 2021-07-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E 2%80%932022_Tunisian_political_crisis",
   "• BBC Monitoring",
   "“Ex-official mocks claims of UAE involvement in Tunisia ’coup’,” July 28, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Tunisia’s Democracy Verges on Collapse as President Moves to Take Control,” July 26, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 9.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "61607252021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kais Saied",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-10-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 651,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.71,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Tunisian_political_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ex-official mocks claims of UAE involvement in Tunisia ’coup’,” July 28, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tunisia’s Democracy Verges on Collapse as President Moves to Take Control,” July 26, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70008152021",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "country_iso3": "AFG",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2021-08-15",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel",
  "target_leader": "Ashraf Ghani",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Afghanistan on 2021-08-15, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive",
   "• New York Times",
   "“After 7 Years of Failing to Fix Afghanistan, Ghani Makes a Hasty Escape,” by Matthew Rosenberg",
   "and Adam Nossiter, August 16, 2020",
   "• Associated Press“Taliban Take Over Afghanistan: What We Know And What’snext,”by joseph krauss,",
   "August 17, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 33.9,
  "lng": 67.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70008152021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ashraf Ghani",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-09-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 687,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After 7 Years of Failing to Fix Afghanistan, Ghani Makes a Hasty Escape,” by Matthew Rosenberg and Adam Nossiter, August 16, 2020"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press“Taliban Take Over Afghanistan: What We Know And What’snext,”by joseph krauss,",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "August 17, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43809052021",
  "country": "Guinea",
  "country_iso3": "GIN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2021-09-05",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Alpha Conde",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea on 2021-09-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNBC",
   "“Elite Guinea Army Unit Say They Dissolved The Government And The Constitution Of The West African",
   "Country,” September 5, 2021",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Elite Guinea Army Unit Says it Has Toppled President,” September 6, 2021",
   "• Sky News",
   "“Guinea: Soldiers Claim to Have Seized Power and Dissolved Government as President ‘Detained’,”",
   "September 6, 2021",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tat"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.9,
  "lng": -9.7,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "leader_detention",
   "constitution_suspended",
   "popular_mobilization"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "43809052021",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-GIN-2021",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": "CAM-438-2021-09-05",
  "leader_in_power": "Alpha Conde",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-10-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 322,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.29,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Elite Guinea Army Unit Say They Dissolved The Government And The Constitution Of The West African Country,” September 5, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Elite Guinea Army Unit Says it Has Toppled President,” September 6, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Sky News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea: Soldiers Claim to Have Seized Power and Dissolved Government as President ‘Detained’,” September 6, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62509212021",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2021-09-21",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Abdelrahman Burhan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 2021-09-21, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Failed Sudan coup points to threats to transition,” September 22, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Sudan Officials Report Foiling a Coup Attempt,” September 22, 2021",
   "• The Times",
   "“Officers arrested after failed Sudan coup” April 12, 2019"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62509212021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-2021-09-21",
  "leader_in_power": "Abdelrahman Burhan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "civilian provisional",
  "last_election": "2015-04-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2353,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Failed Sudan coup points to threats to transition,” September 22, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan Officials Report Foiling a Coup Attempt,” September 22, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Officers arrested after failed Sudan coup” April 12, 2019"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62510252021",
  "country": "Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SDN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "North Africa",
  "date": "2021-10-25",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Abdelrahman Burhan",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Sudan on 2021-10-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Sudan’s military takes power in coup, arrests prime minister,” October 25, 2021",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Who is Abdalla Hamdok, the Sudanese prime minister detained in a military coup?,” October 25,",
   "2021",
   "“Sudan’s Prime Minister Was Detained at Home of General Who Led Coup,” October 26, 2021",
   "Suriname"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.9,
  "lng": 30.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62510252021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-625-2021-10-25-2",
  "leader_in_power": "Abdelrahman Burhan",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "civilian provisional",
  "last_election": "2015-04-13",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2387,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sudan’s military takes power in coup, arrests prime minister,” October 25, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Who is Abdalla Hamdok, the Sudanese prime minister detained in a military coup?,” October 25, 2021"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Sudan’s Prime Minister Was Detained at Home of General Who Led Coup,” October 26, 2021 Suriname"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36911262021",
  "country": "Ukraine",
  "country_iso3": "UKR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2021-11-26",
  "year": 2021,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Volodymyr Zelensky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ukraine on 2021-11-26, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Ukraine leader alleges Russia-backed coup planned next week,” November 26, 2021",
   "• Chicago Daily Herald",
   "“Ukraine’s president says Russia plotting coup,” November 27, 2021"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48.4,
  "lng": 31.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36911262021",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Volodymyr Zelensky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 950,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.55,
  "deaths": 0,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine leader alleges Russia-backed coup planned next week,” November 26, 2021"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Chicago Daily Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine’s president says Russia plotting coup,” November 27, 2021"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70501052022_1",
  "country": "Kazakhstan",
  "country_iso3": "KAZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2022-01-05",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Palace / elite, Popular revolt, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Kazakhstan on 2022-01-05, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest",
   "• Aljazeera",
   "“Kazakhstan: A coup, a counter-coup and a Russian victory,” January 16, 2022",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Former anti-terror chief arrested over Kazakhstan protests,” January 8, 2022",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Russian-Led Forces to Help Put Down Protests Sweeping Kazakhstan,” January 6, 2022",
   "“Russian Troops Will Stay to Finish Job in Kazakhstan, Putin Says,” January 10, 2022",
   "“Russian-Led Alliance Begins Withdrawing Troops From Kazakhstan,” January 13,2022",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Kazakh president fails to quell protests, ex-Soviet states offer help,” January 6, 2022",
   "• Eurasianet",
   "“Kazakhstan: One Year on from Bloody January, Officials Stick to Their Story,” January 5, 2023",
   "• Foreign Policy",
   "“The Other Jan. 6,” January 5, 2023",
   "• The Astana Times",
   "“January Events Were Attempted Coup, Says Kazakh Prosecutor General,” January 5, 2023",
   "• The Diplomat",
   "“Kazakh Authorities Outline a Grand Conspiracy Behind Bloody January,” January 5, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48,
  "lng": 66.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70501052022_1",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2019-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 941,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Aljazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan: A coup, a counter-coup and a Russian victory,” January 16, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former anti-terror chief arrested over Kazakhstan protests,” January 8, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russian-Led Forces to Help Put Down Protests Sweeping Kazakhstan,” January 6, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Russian Troops Will Stay to Finish Job in Kazakhstan, Putin Says,” January 10, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Russian-Led Alliance Begins Withdrawing Troops From Kazakhstan,” January 13,2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakh president fails to quell protests, ex-Soviet states offer help,” January 6, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Eurasianet",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan: One Year on from Bloody January, Officials Stick to Their Story,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Policy",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Other Jan. 6,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Astana Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“January Events Were Attempted Coup, Says Kazakh Prosecutor General,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Diplomat",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakh Authorities Outline a Grand Conspiracy Behind Bloody January,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70501052022_2",
  "country": "Kazakhstan",
  "country_iso3": "KAZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2022-01-05",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Kazakhstan on 2022-01-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest",
   "• Aljazeera",
   "“Kazakhstan: A coup, a counter-coup and a Russian victory,” January 16, 2022",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Former anti-terror chief arrested over Kazakhstan protests,” January 8, 2022",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Russian-Led Forces to Help Put Down Protests Sweeping Kazakhstan,” January 6, 2022",
   "“Russian Troops Will Stay to Finish Job in Kazakhstan, Putin Says,” January 10, 2022",
   "“Russian-Led Alliance Begins Withdrawing Troops From Kazakhstan,” January 13,2022",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Kazakh president fails to quell protests, ex-Soviet states offer help,” January 6, 2022",
   "• Eurasianet",
   "“Kazakhstan: One Year on from Bloody January, Officials Stick to Their Story,” January 5, 2023",
   "• Foreign Policy",
   "“The Other Jan. 6,” January 5, 2023",
   "• The Astana Times",
   "“January Events Were Attempted Coup, Says Kazakh Prosecutor General,” January 5, 2023",
   "• The Diplomat",
   "“Kazakh Authorities Outline a Grand Conspiracy Behind Bloody January,” January 5, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48,
  "lng": 66.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70501052022_2",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2019-06-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 941,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Aljazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan: A coup, a counter-coup and a Russian victory,” January 16, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former anti-terror chief arrested over Kazakhstan protests,” January 8, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russian-Led Forces to Help Put Down Protests Sweeping Kazakhstan,” January 6, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Russian Troops Will Stay to Finish Job in Kazakhstan, Putin Says,” January 10, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Russian-Led Alliance Begins Withdrawing Troops From Kazakhstan,” January 13,2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakh president fails to quell protests, ex-Soviet states offer help,” January 6, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Eurasianet",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan: One Year on from Bloody January, Officials Stick to Their Story,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Policy",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Other Jan. 6,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Astana Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“January Events Were Attempted Coup, Says Kazakh Prosecutor General,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Diplomat",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakh Authorities Outline a Grand Conspiracy Behind Bloody January,” January 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43901082022",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-01-08",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kabore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2022-01-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC Monitoring",
   "“Burkina Faso press criticise failed coup attempt,” January 12, 2022",
   "• The Economist",
   "“Small bands of mercenaries extend Russia’s reach in Africa; Russia and Africa,” January 15, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43901082022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kabore",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 412,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso press criticise failed coup attempt,” January 12, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Economist",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Small bands of mercenaries extend Russia’s reach in Africa; Russia and Africa,” January 15, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43901242022",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-01-24",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Kabore",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2022-01-24, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C 3%A 9",
   "• The New York Times",
   "“The military says it has taken over the West African nation of Burkina Faso,” by Declan Walsh,",
   "January 24, 2022",
   "“After Coup In Burkina Faso, Protesters Turn To Russia For Help,”by declan walsh, January 25,2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "43901242022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": "CAM-439-2022-01-23",
  "leader_in_power": "Kabore",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 428,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The military says it has taken over the West African nation of Burkina Faso,” by Declan Walsh, January 24, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“After Coup In Burkina Faso, Protesters Turn To Russia For Help,”by declan walsh, January 25,2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40402012022",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-02-01",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Embalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2022-02-01, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“President of Guinea-Bissau Reasserts Control After Fears of Another Coup in Africa,” February 1,",
   "2022",
   "“President of Guinea-Bissau Says a Coup Was Thwarted,” February 2, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40402012022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Embalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 765,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.54,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“President of Guinea-Bissau Reasserts Control After Fears of Another Coup in Africa,” February 1, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“President of Guinea-Bissau Says a Coup Was Thwarted,” February 2, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49002082022",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2022-02-08",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Palace coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "target_leader": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Palace coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2022-02-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Congo Warns of Security Threat Amid Coup Plot Reports,” February 8, 2022",
   "• BBC Monitoring",
   "“Briefing: DR Congo arrests presidential aide over ’coup’ plot,” February 9, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49002082022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1136,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congo Warns of Security Threat Amid Coup Plot Reports,” February 8, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Briefing: DR Congo arrests presidential aide over ’coup’ plot,” February 9, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77004042022",
  "country": "Pakistan",
  "country_iso3": "PAK",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2022-04-04",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Imran Khan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Pakistan on 2022-04-04, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Pakistani_constitutional_crisis",
   "• BBC Monitoring",
   "“Briefing: Pakistan’s political crisis escalates after no-trust motion dismissed,” April 4, 2022",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Pakistan’s Leader Dissolves Parliament, Blocking a Vote to Remove Him,” April 4, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 30.4,
  "lng": 69.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77004042022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Imran Khan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2018-07-25",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1349,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Pakistani_constitutional_crisis"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Briefing: Pakistan’s political crisis escalates after no-trust motion dismissed,” April 4, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Pakistan’s Leader Dissolves Parliament, Blocking a Vote to Remove Him,” April 4, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43205112022",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-05-11",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Assimi Goita",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2022-05-11, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Mali Arrests Suspects After Announcing Foiled Coup Attempt,” May 17, 2022",
   "• BBC Monitoring - Africa",
   "“Mali ‘Foils Western-backed Coup Attempt’,” May 17, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43205112022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Assimi Goita",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2018-08-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1368,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.24,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali Arrests Suspects After Announcing Foiled Coup Attempt,” May 17, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring - Africa",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali ‘Foils Western-backed Coup Attempt’,” May 17, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "78007092022",
  "country": "Sri Lanka",
  "country_iso3": "LKA",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2022-07-09",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Popular revolt",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "G. Rajapakse",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Popular revolt in Sri Lanka on 2022-07-09, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_political_crisis",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile_of_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Reckless Dynasty Has Brought Calamity to Sri Lanka; Guest Essay,” July 11, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 7.9,
  "lng": 80.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "78007092022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "G. Rajapakse",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-11-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 966,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_political_crisis"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exile_of_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Reckless Dynasty Has Brought Calamity to Sri Lanka; Guest Essay,” July 11, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43909302022",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-09-30",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2022-09-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba",
   "• The New York Times",
   "“In Burkina Faso, a Coup Within a Coup,” October 2, 2022",
   "“Burkina Faso Leader Resigns After Coup,” October 3, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "media_seizure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "43909302022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 677,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“In Burkina Faso, a Coup Within a Coup,” October 2, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Leader Resigns After Coup,” October 3, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40311242022",
  "country": "Sao Tome and Principe",
  "country_iso3": "STP",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2022-11-24",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Carlos Vila Nova",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sao Tome and Principe on 2022-11-24, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Prime Minister: Coup Thwarted in Sao Tome adn Principe,” November 26, 2022",
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Six Troops Held in Sao Tome After ‘Coup’ Episode,” December 21, 2022",
   "• BBC Monitoring - Africa",
   "“Sao Tome Opposition Party Condemns Coup Attempt,” November 21, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 0.2,
  "lng": 6.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40311242022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Carlos Vila Nova",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2021-09-05",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 445,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.66,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Prime Minister: Coup Thwarted in Sao Tome adn Principe,” November 26, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Six Troops Held in Sao Tome After ‘Coup’ Episode,” December 21, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC Monitoring - Africa",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sao Tome Opposition Party Condemns Coup Attempt,” November 21, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "13512072022",
  "country": "Peru",
  "country_iso3": "PER",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2022-12-07",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Castillo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Peru on 2022-12-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Peru’s President Tried to Dissolve Congress. By Day’s End, He Was Arrested,” December 7, 2022",
   "• Los Angeles Times",
   "“The World: Peru President Ousted in Political Crisis; Pedro Castillo Ejected After He Attempts to",
   "Dissolve Congress. He is Replaced by Nation’s First Female Leader,” December 8, 2020"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -9.2,
  "lng": -75,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "13512072022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Castillo",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-06-06",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 549,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.77,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Peru’s President Tried to Dissolve Congress. By Day’s End, He Was Arrested,” December 7, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Los Angeles Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The World: Peru President Ousted in Political Crisis; Pedro Castillo Ejected After He Attempts to Dissolve Congress. He is Replaced by Nation’s First Female Leader,” December 8, 2020"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "26012082022",
  "country": "Germany",
  "country_iso3": "DEU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Western Europe",
  "date": "2022-12-08",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Germany on 2022-12-08, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• New York Times",
   "“Germans Thwart Right-Wing Coup, Top Officials Says,” December 8, 2022",
   "“A Coup Plot, a Prince and the Far Right in a German Spa Town,” December 12, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 51.2,
  "lng": 10.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "26012082022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Germans Thwart Right-Wing Coup, Top Officials Says,” December 8, 2022"
     },
     {
      "text": "“A Coup Plot, a Prince and the Far Right in a German Spa Town,” December 12, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14012182022",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2022-12-18",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Bolsonaro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Brazil on 2022-12-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN",
   "“Brazil’s Former President Bolsonaro Under Investigation in Probe into Attempted Coup,” February",
   "8, 2024",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Bolsonaro Met With Army, Navy, and Air Force Heads to Discuss Coup - Reports,” September 21,",
   "2023",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Bolo Sonar O and Allies Planned Coup, Brazil Police Say,” February 8, 2024",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“Bolsonaro Named Target in Brazil Coup Probe, Ordered to Surrender Passport,” February 8, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14012182022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bolsonaro",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2022-10-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 49,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.69,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil’s Former President Bolsonaro Under Investigation in Probe into Attempted Coup,” February 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolsonaro Met With Army, Navy, and Air Force Heads to Discuss Coup - Reports,” September 21, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolo Sonar O and Allies Planned Coup, Brazil Police Say,” February 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolsonaro Named Target in Brazil Coup Probe, Ordered to Surrender Passport,” February 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "42012202022",
  "country": "Gambia",
  "country_iso3": "GMB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2022-12-20",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Barrow",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Gambia on 2022-12-20, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Agence France Presse",
   "“Gambia Says Coup Bid Sought Hostages, Army Restructure,” December 29, 2022",
   "• The Times",
   "“Gambia Coup Plot Thwarted,” December 23, 2022"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 13.4,
  "lng": -15.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "42012202022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Barrow",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-12-04",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 381,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.51,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France Presse",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia Says Coup Bid Sought Hostages, Army Restructure,” December 29, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gambia Coup Plot Thwarted,” December 23, 2022"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14012292022",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2022-12-29",
  "year": 2022,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Bolsonaro",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Brazil on 2022-12-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Jerusalem Post",
   "“Brazil police make arrests, probe coup attempt by Bolsonaro riots,” December 29, 2022",
   "• The Border Mail",
   "“Brazil investigates alleged coup attempt,” December 29, 2022",
   "• International Business Times News",
   "“Brazil Arrests Four People for Alleged Coup Attempt in Bolsonaro Riots,” December 29, 2022",
   "• CE Noticias Fin Acier As English",
   "“Brazilian Police Detain Four People for Alleged Coup Attempt,” December 29, 1969"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14012292022",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bolsonaro",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2022-10-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 60,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.69,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Jerusalem Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil police make arrests, probe coup attempt by Bolsonaro riots,” December 29, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Border Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil investigates alleged coup attempt,” December 29, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "International Business Times News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil Arrests Four People for Alleged Coup Attempt in Bolsonaro Riots,” December 29, 2022"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CE Noticias Fin Acier As English",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazilian Police Detain Four People for Alleged Coup Attempt,” December 29, 1969"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14001082023",
  "country": "Brazil",
  "country_iso3": "BRA",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2023-01-08",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lula da Silva",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Brazil on 2023-01-08, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“After Last Year’s Riots, Latin America’s Most Populous Democracy Tries to Piece Itself Together,”",
   "January 7, 2024",
   "• CNN",
   "“Bolsonaro Supporters Storm Brazilian Congress,” January 9, 2023",
   "• Foreign Policy",
   "“Brazil’s Capitol Riot Shows the Strength of Bolson A Rism After Bolsonaro,” January 9, 2023",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Brazilian_Congress_attack"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -14.2,
  "lng": -51.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14001082023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lula da Silva",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2022-10-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 70,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.7,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“After Last Year’s Riots, Latin America’s Most Populous Democracy Tries to Piece Itself Together,” January 7, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolsonaro Supporters Storm Brazilian Congress,” January 9, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Policy",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Brazil’s Capitol Riot Shows the Strength of Bolson A Rism After Bolsonaro,” January 9, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Brazilian_Congress_attack"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "35902232023",
  "country": "Moldova",
  "country_iso3": "MDA",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2023-02-23",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Dorin Recean",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Moldova on 2023-02-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Radio Free Europe",
   "“Kremlin Warns Moldova As Tensions Rise Following Coup Plot Allegations,” February 20, 2023",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Biden Affirms Moldovan So Verein Ty After Russian Coup Plot Allegation,” February 21, 2023 “Fake",
   "Bombs and Failed Coup: Moldova Smolders on Border of Russia’s War,” March 14, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 47.4,
  "lng": 28.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "35902232023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Dorin Recean",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2021-07-11",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 592,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.76,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Radio Free Europe",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kremlin Warns Moldova As Tensions Rise Following Coup Plot Allegations,” February 20, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Biden Affirms Moldovan So Verein Ty After Russian Coup Plot Allegation,” February 21, 2023 “Fake Bombs and Failed Coup: Moldova Smolders on Border of Russia’s War,” March 14, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37304062023",
  "country": "Azerbaijan",
  "country_iso3": "AZE",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2023-04-06",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ilhma Aliyev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Azerbaijan on 2023-04-06, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Times of Israel",
   "“Azerbaijan arrests six radical Islamists over ‘coup plot’ blamed on Iran,” April 6, 2023",
   "• The National News",
   "“Azerbaijan arrests group accused of Iran-backed coup plot,” April 7, 2023",
   "• Arab News",
   "“Azerbaijan arrests six suspects over ‘coup plot’,” April 7, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 47.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37304062023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ilhma Aliyev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-04-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1821,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Times of Israel",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azerbaijan arrests six radical Islamists over ‘coup plot’ blamed on Iran,” April 6, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The National News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azerbaijan arrests group accused of Iran-backed coup plot,” April 7, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Arab News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Azerbaijan arrests six suspects over ‘coup plot’,” April 7, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49005302023",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2023-05-30",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Rebel, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2023-05-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Africa Report",
   "“DRC: Moise Katumbi’s Right-hand Man Accused of Endangering State Security,” June 8, 2023",
   "“DRC: The Arrest of Moise Katumbi’s Right-hand Man Sparks Uproar,” June 19, 2023",
   "• Bwiza",
   "“Katumbi’s party explains why rwandan officer’s contact ended up in salomon kalon da’sPhone,”",
   "July 11, 2023",
   "• Minembwe Capitol News",
   "“‘Lumumba Shi’ It Is a Shame for DRCongo to Detain Salomon Kalonda For His Case is Void and",
   "Baseless to M 23 Partnership, Christian Mwando Says,” June 6, 2023",
   "“Salomon Kalondamoisekatumbi Chief Advisor Was Sent To Kinshasa To Then Do Lo Military Prison,”",
   "June 11, 2023",
   "• Voice of Nigeria",
   "“DR Congo Opposition Politician Accused of Coup Plot,” June 6, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49005302023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1612,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.34,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Africa Report",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DRC: Moise Katumbi’s Right-hand Man Accused of Endangering State Security,” June 8, 2023"
     },
     {
      "text": "“DRC: The Arrest of Moise Katumbi’s Right-hand Man Sparks Uproar,” June 19, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Bwiza",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Katumbi’s party explains why rwandan officer’s contact ended up in salomon kalon da’sPhone,” July 11, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Minembwe Capitol News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“‘Lumumba Shi’ It Is a Shame for DRCongo to Detain Salomon Kalonda For His Case is Void and Baseless to M 23 Partnership, Christian Mwando Says,” June 6, 2023"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Salomon Kalondamoisekatumbi Chief Advisor Was Sent To Kinshasa To Then Do Lo Military Prison,” June 11, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Voice of Nigeria",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“DR Congo Opposition Politician Accused of Coup Plot,” June 6, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70306052023",
  "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
  "country_iso3": "KGZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2023-06-05",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Sadyr Japarov",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Kyrgyzstan on 2023-06-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Anadolu Ajansi",
   "“3 Questions - Coup Plot and Instability in Kyrgyzstan,” June 13, 2023",
   "• Azutut News",
   "“It Was Reported That UKMC Carried Out Mass Arrests,” June 5, 2023",
   "• Euractiv",
   "“30 Arrested For ‘Attempted Coup’ in Kyrgyzstan, June 6, 2023",
   "• Eurasianet “Kyrgyzstan” Security Services Arrest Alleged Coup Plotters From Obscure Party: Presi-",
   "dent Japarov Appears Most Nervous of Alleged Plots That Mirror How He Himself Came to Power,”",
   "June 6, 2023",
   "• Turkiye",
   "“110 Soldiers and Diplomats Detained in Kyrgyzstan Coup Attempt,” June 5, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 74.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70306052023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sadyr Japarov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-01-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 876,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Anadolu Ajansi",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“3 Questions - Coup Plot and Instability in Kyrgyzstan,” June 13, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Azutut News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“It Was Reported That UKMC Carried Out Mass Arrests,” June 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Euractiv",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“30 Arrested For ‘Attempted Coup’ in Kyrgyzstan, June 6, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Eurasianet “Kyrgyzstan” Security Services Arrest Alleged Coup Plotters From Obscure Party: Presi-",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "dent Japarov Appears Most Nervous of Alleged Plots That Mirror How He Himself Came to Power,” June 6, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Turkiye",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“110 Soldiers and Diplomats Detained in Kyrgyzstan Coup Attempt,” June 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "39306232023",
  "country": "Russia",
  "country_iso3": "RUS",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2023-06-23",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Coup (actor type unspecified)",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Not specified in this dataset",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Coup (actor type unspecified) in Russia on 2023-06-23, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNBC",
   "“Putin’s Weakness Laid Bare After 24 Hours of Rebellion in Russia,” June 26, 2023",
   "• Globe and Mail",
   "“Russia Accuses Wagner Head Of Coup Plot: In Fighting Mounts As Moscow Launches Crim Minal Probe",
   "Against Mercenary Group Leader,” June 14, 2023",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“The Failed Wagner Coup Shows Vladimir Put In’s regime remains stubbornly strong,”June 29,2023",
   "• New York Times",
   "“A Long-running Feud Has Broken Into Open Confrontation. Here’s the Latest,” June 23, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 61.5,
  "lng": 105.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "39306232023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": null,
  "leader_in_power_military": null,
  "regime_type": null,
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Putin’s Weakness Laid Bare After 24 Hours of Rebellion in Russia,” June 26, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Globe and Mail",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russia Accuses Wagner Head Of Coup Plot: In Fighting Mounts As Moscow Launches Crim Minal Probe Against Mercenary Group Leader,” June 14, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“The Failed Wagner Coup Shows Vladimir Put In’s regime remains stubbornly strong,”June 29,2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Long-running Feud Has Broken Into Open Confrontation. Here’s the Latest,” June 23, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43607252023",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2023-07-25",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Bazoum",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Niger on 2023-07-25, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN",
   "“Niger Soldiers Claim Power After President’s Own Guards Reportedly Seize Him,” July 27, 2023",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Niger Army Backs Coup to Avoid ‘Bloodbath’: West Africa,” July 28, 2023",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Niger Soldiers Say President Bazoum’s Government Has Been Removed,” July 28, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "Mohamed Bazoum (deposed president)",
   "Abdourahamane Tchiani (presidential guard commander who led the takeover and declared himself head of state)"
  ],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "palace_takeover",
   "border_closure",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "43607252023",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-NER-2023",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bazoum",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 884,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.5,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Soldiers Claim Power After President’s Own Guards Reportedly Seize Him,” July 27, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Army Backs Coup to Avoid ‘Bloodbath’: West Africa,” July 28, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger Soldiers Say President Bazoum’s Government Has Been Removed,” July 28, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45107312023",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2023-07-31",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Julius Maada Bio",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 2023-07-31, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Point",
   "“‘Coup Attempt’: Sierra Leone Police Confirms Arrest of 19 People, Including Top Security Officials,”",
   "August 10, 2023",
   "• Sierra Leone Telegraph",
   "“Sierra Leone Request Extradition Of Former Police Chief From Liberia For Alleged Coup Plot,”August",
   "8, 2023",
   "• Vanguard",
   "“Coup In West Africa: Police Arrest Military Officers‘Planning’To Topple Sierra Leone Govt”, August",
   "1, 2023",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_plot"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45107312023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Julius Maada Bio",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2023-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 37,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Point",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“‘Coup Attempt’: Sierra Leone Police Confirms Arrest of 19 People, Including Top Security Officials,” August 10, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Sierra Leone Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Request Extradition Of Former Police Chief From Liberia For Alleged Coup Plot,”August 8, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Vanguard",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup In West Africa: Police Arrest Military Officers‘Planning’To Topple Sierra Leone Govt”, August 1, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_plot"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "48108302023",
  "country": "Gabon",
  "country_iso3": "GAB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2023-08-30",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Ali Bongo Andimba",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; placed under house arrest",
  "description": "Military coup in Gabon on 2023-08-30, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; placed under house arrest.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN",
   "“Gabon’s military coup has overthrown a powerful political dynasty. Here’s what to know,”August",
   "31, 2023",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Military Officers Seize Power in Gabon, Threatening an African Dynasty,” August 30, 2023",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Gabon Officers Declare Military Coup, President Ali Bongo Detained,” August 30, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -0.8,
  "lng": 11.6,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "border_closure"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "48108302023",
  "powell_thyne_id": "PT-GAB-2023",
  "agreement_status": "agree",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ali Bongo Andimba",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal",
  "last_election": "2016-08-27",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2559,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.36,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gabon’s military coup has overthrown a powerful political dynasty. Here’s what to know,”August 31, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military Officers Seize Power in Gabon, Threatening an African Dynasty,” August 30, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Gabon Officers Declare Military Coup, President Ali Bongo Detained,” August 30, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37109252023",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2023-09-25",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Armenia on 2023-09-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Turkiye",
   "“Coup attempt in Armenia: 8 commanders arrested,” September 25, 2023",
   "• Azutut News",
   "“8 Suspects Arrested Over ‘Coup Plot’,” September 25, 2023",
   "“Pro-Western Group Denies Role in Armenian ‘Coup Plot’,” November 6, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37109252023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2021-06-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 827,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.65,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Turkiye",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Armenia: 8 commanders arrested,” September 25, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Azutut News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“8 Suspects Arrested Over ‘Coup Plot’,” September 25, 2023"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Pro-Western Group Denies Role in Armenian ‘Coup Plot’,” November 6, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43909272023",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2023-09-27",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2023-09-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN",
   "“Four Officers Arrested in Burkina Faso After Thwarted Coup Attempt, Prosecutor Says,” September",
   "28, 2023",
   "• Times of Oman",
   "“Burkina Faso Junta Says It Foiled a Coup Attempt,” September 28, 2023",
   "• Financial Times",
   "“Burkina Faso Junta Claims to Have Foiled Coup: Sahel Region,” September 29, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43909272023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1039,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Four Officers Arrested in Burkina Faso After Thwarted Coup Attempt, Prosecutor Says,” September 28, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Times of Oman",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Junta Says It Foiled a Coup Attempt,” September 28, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Financial Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Junta Claims to Have Foiled Coup: Sahel Region,” September 29, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70511152023",
  "country": "Kazakhstan",
  "country_iso3": "KAZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2023-11-15",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Kazakhstan on 2023-11-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Anadolu Ajansi",
   "“Kazakhstan Claims Netting Group Attempting Coup,” November 15, 2023",
   "• France 24",
   "“Kazakhstan Says Coup Bid Foiled Ahead of Presidential Election,” November 17, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48,
  "lng": 66.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70511152023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2022-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 360,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.27,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Anadolu Ajansi",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan Claims Netting Group Attempting Coup,” November 15, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "France 24",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kazakhstan Says Coup Bid Foiled Ahead of Presidential Election,” November 17, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "45111262023",
  "country": "Sierra Leone",
  "country_iso3": "SLE",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2023-11-26",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Julius Maada Bio",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Sierra Leone on 2023-11-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Sierra Leone Attacks Were a Failed Coup Attempt, Officials Say,” November 28, 2023",
   "• CNN",
   "“Sierra Leone Military Barracks Foiled Attack Ignites Fears Over Coup Attempt,” November 27, 2023",
   "• The Guardia",
   "“Coup Scare: Sierra Leone Declares Curfew as ECOWAS Condemns Plot,” November 27, 2023",
   "• Sierra Leone Telegraph",
   "“Another Attempted Coup in Sierra Leone,” November 26, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 8.5,
  "lng": -11.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "45111262023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Julius Maada Bio",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2023-06-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 155,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.57,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Attacks Were a Failed Coup Attempt, Officials Say,” November 28, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sierra Leone Military Barracks Foiled Attack Ignites Fears Over Coup Attempt,” November 27, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Scare: Sierra Leone Declares Curfew as ECOWAS Condemns Plot,” November 27, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Sierra Leone Telegraph",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Another Attempted Coup in Sierra Leone,” November 26, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411302023",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2023-11-30",
  "year": 2023,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Embalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2023-11-30, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Agence France-Presse (AFP)",
   "“Guinea-Bissau Dissolves Parliament After Coup Bid,” December 5, 2023",
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Guinea-Bissau’s President Issues a Decree Dissolving the Opposition-controlled Parliament,” Decem-",
   "ber 4, 2023",
   "• Vanguard",
   "“Guinea-Bissau Dissolves Parliament After Coup Bid,” December 4, 2023"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40411302023",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Embalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1432,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.38,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Agence France-Presse (AFP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau Dissolves Parliament After Coup Bid,” December 5, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau’s President Issues a Decree Dissolving the Opposition-controlled Parliament,” December 4, 2023"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Vanguard",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau Dissolves Parliament After Coup Bid,” December 4, 2023"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43901142024",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2024-01-14",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2024-01-14, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Africa News",
   "“Burkina Faso: Fresh Coup Attempt Thwarted - Authorities,” January 19, 2024",
   "• Anadolu Agency (AA)",
   "“Burkina Faso’s Military Government Claims it Thwarted Another Coup Attempt,” January 19, 2024",
   "• TRT Afrika",
   "“Soldiers Arrested as Burkina Faso Thwarts Fresh Coup Attempt - Junta,” January 19, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43901142024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1148,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.21,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso: Fresh Coup Attempt Thwarted - Authorities,” January 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Anadolu Agency (AA)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso’s Military Government Claims it Thwarted Another Coup Attempt,” January 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "TRT Afrika",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Soldiers Arrested as Burkina Faso Thwarts Fresh Coup Attempt - Junta,” January 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37002152024",
  "country": "Belarus",
  "country_iso3": "BLR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2024-02-15",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Lukashenko",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Belarus on 2024-02-15, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Daily Beast",
   "“Coup Preparations Announced Against Putin’s Top Ally in Europe,” February 28, 2024",
   "• The New Voice of Ukraine",
   "“Belarusian Dissidents Plot to Topple Lukashenko, Timing Remains Secret,” February 29, 2024",
   "• Politico",
   "“Belarusian Exiles Plot Coup Against Lukashenko,” February 28, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 53.7,
  "lng": 27.9,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37002152024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lukashenko",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2020-08-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1285,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.16,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Daily Beast",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Preparations Announced Against Putin’s Top Ally in Europe,” February 28, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New Voice of Ukraine",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Belarusian Dissidents Plot to Topple Lukashenko, Timing Remains Secret,” February 29, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Politico",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Belarusian Exiles Plot Coup Against Lukashenko,” February 28, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "62602292024",
  "country": "South Sudan",
  "country_iso3": "SSD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2024-02-29",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Salva Kiir Mayardit",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in South Sudan on 2024-02-29, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• KSL News Radio",
   "“A Utahn is Charged with Trying to Illegally Export Arms for Coup in South Sudan,” March 8, 2024",
   "• Reuters",
   "“US Charges Prominent South Sudan Economist with Gun Running Scheme,” March 6, 2024",
   "• Semafor",
   "“Top U.S. South Sudan Activist Arrested for Gun Running,” March 5, 2024",
   "Soviet Union"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.9,
  "lng": 30,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "62602292024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Salva Kiir Mayardit",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.17,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "KSL News Radio",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Utahn is Charged with Trying to Illegally Export Arms for Coup in South Sudan,” March 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“US Charges Prominent South Sudan Economist with Gun Running Scheme,” March 6, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Semafor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Top U.S. South Sudan Activist Arrested for Gun Running,” March 5, 2024 Soviet Union"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04103042024",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2024-03-04",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Ariel Henry",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Haiti on 2024-03-04, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• ABC News",
   "“It’s Not Just Gang Violence Surging in Haiti. It’s a Rebellion: Analysis,” March 6, 2024",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Haiti’s Weekend of Violence Puts Government Future in Doubt,” March 4, 2024",
   "• USA Today",
   "“Haiti in State of Emergency as Gangs Overtake Prisons, PM Struggles to Get UN Peacekeepers,”",
   "March 4, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04103042024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ariel Henry",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "warlordism",
  "last_election": "2016-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2661,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "ABC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“It’s Not Just Gang Violence Surging in Haiti. It’s a Rebellion: Analysis,” March 6, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s Weekend of Violence Puts Government Future in Doubt,” March 4, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "USA Today",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti in State of Emergency as Gangs Overtake Prisons, PM Struggles to Get UN Peacekeepers,” March 4, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40403272024",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2024-03-27",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Embalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2024-03-27, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC",
   "“Son of Guinea-Bissau’s Ex-President Jailed in US for Trafficking Drugs to Fund Coup,” March 27,",
   "2024",
   "• Capitol News",
   "“Son of Guinea-Bissau’s Ex-President Jailed in US for Trafficking Drugs to Fund Coup,” March 27,",
   "2024",
   "• Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) press release",
   "“Former Guinea-Bissau President’s Son Sent to U.S Prison for International Drug Trafficking,” March",
   "27, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40403272024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Embalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1550,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.43,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Son of Guinea-Bissau’s Ex-President Jailed in US for Trafficking Drugs to Fund Coup,” March 27, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Capitol News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Son of Guinea-Bissau’s Ex-President Jailed in US for Trafficking Drugs to Fund Coup,” March 27, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) press release",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Former Guinea-Bissau President’s Son Sent to U.S Prison for International Drug Trafficking,” March 27, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "69005102024",
  "country": "Kuwait",
  "country_iso3": "KWT",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2024-05-10",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Kuwait on 2024-05-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al-Jazeera",
   "“Political Turmoil as Emir Dissolves Parliament,” May 11, 2024",
   "• Al-Monitor",
   "“What Next After Kuwait Parliament’s Dissolution?,” May 13, 2024",
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Kuwait’s Emir Dissolves Parliament Again, Amid Political Gridlock in Oil-Rich Nation,” May 10,",
   "2024",
   "• Atlantic Council",
   "“Parliament Was Dissolved in Kuwait and Hardly Anyone Noticed,” May 20, 2024",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Kuwait’s Emir Dissolves Parliament, Suspends Some Constitution Articles,” May 10, 2024",
   "• Washington Post",
   "“A Critical Arab Ally Is Losing Its Democracy. Yet Biden Has Remained Silent,” June 18, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 29.3,
  "lng": 47.5,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "69005102024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "monarchy",
  "last_election": null,
  "last_election_kind": null,
  "days_since_election": null,
  "last_election_timing": null,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.31,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al-Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Political Turmoil as Emir Dissolves Parliament,” May 11, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al-Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“What Next After Kuwait Parliament’s Dissolution?,” May 13, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kuwait’s Emir Dissolves Parliament Again, Amid Political Gridlock in Oil-Rich Nation,” May 10, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Atlantic Council",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Parliament Was Dissolved in Kuwait and Hardly Anyone Noticed,” May 20, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kuwait’s Emir Dissolves Parliament, Suspends Some Constitution Articles,” May 10, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Washington Post",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Critical Arab Ally Is Losing Its Democracy. Yet Biden Has Remained Silent,” June 18, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "49005192024",
  "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
  "country_iso3": "COD",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "Central Africa",
  "date": "2024-05-19",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2024-05-19, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al-Jazeera",
   "“Three Reported Killed as DRC Congo Military Averts ‘Attempted Coup’,” May 19,2024",
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Americans in Alleged Congo Coup Plot Formed an Unlikely Band,” May 20, 2024",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Congolese Army Says It Foiled a Coup Involving Americans,” May 19, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -4,
  "lng": 21.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "49005192024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Felix Tschisekedi",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2018-12-30",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1967,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.33,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al-Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Three Reported Killed as DRC Congo Military Averts ‘Attempted Coup’,” May 19,2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Americans in Alleged Congo Coup Plot Formed an Unlikely Band,” May 20, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Congolese Army Says It Foiled a Coup Involving Americans,” May 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "14506262024",
  "country": "Bolivia",
  "country_iso3": "BOL",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2024-06-26",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Luis Arce",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Bolivia on 2024-06-26, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Bolivian General Arrested After Apparent Failed Coup Attempt as Government Faces New Crisis,”",
   "June 27, 2024",
   "• NBC News",
   "“Sust Pected Coup Attempt Fails, General Arrested After Bolivian Leader Urges Public to Defend",
   "Democracy,” June 26, 2024",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Bolivian_coup_attempt"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -16.3,
  "lng": -63.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "14506262024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Luis Arce",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2020-10-18",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1347,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.59,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bolivian General Arrested After Apparent Failed Coup Attempt as Government Faces New Crisis,” June 27, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "NBC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Sust Pected Coup Attempt Fails, General Arrested After Bolivian Leader Urges Public to Defend Democracy,” June 26, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Bolivian_coup_attempt"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36906302024",
  "country": "Ukraine",
  "country_iso3": "UKR",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2024-06-30",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Volodymyr Zelensky",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Ukraine on 2024-06-30, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• CNN",
   "“Ukraine Says It Thwarted a Plot to Overthrow the Government, ” July 3, 2024",
   "• The Hill",
   "“Ukraine Says It Thwarted Attempted Coup in Kyiv,” July 2, 2024",
   "• NBC News",
   "“Coup Attempt Thwarted in Ukraine, Security Service Says, as Hungary’s Orban Arrives in Kyiv for",
   "Talks,” July 2, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 48.4,
  "lng": 31.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36906302024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Volodymyr Zelensky",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-04-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1897,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.39,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine Says It Thwarted a Plot to Overthrow the Government, ” July 3, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Hill",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Ukraine Says It Thwarted Attempted Coup in Kyiv,” July 2, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "NBC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup Attempt Thwarted in Ukraine, Security Service Says, as Hungary’s Orban Arrives in Kyiv for Talks,” July 2, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "77108052024",
  "country": "Bangladesh",
  "country_iso3": "BGD",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2024-08-05",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Hasina Wazed",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Bangladesh on 2024-08-05, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina Resigns as Widening Unrest Sees Protesters Storm Her Official Resi-",
   "dence,” August 5, 2024",
   "• CNN",
   "“Bangladesh Prime Minister Flees to India as Anti-Government Protesters Storm Her Residence,”",
   "August 6, 2024",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Why Has Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Resigned and Fled?,” August 5, 2024",
   "• The Hill",
   "“A Quiet Military Coup in Bangladesh,” August 17, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 23.7,
  "lng": 90.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "77108052024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Hasina Wazed",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2024-01-07",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 211,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.25,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina Resigns as Widening Unrest Sees Protesters Storm Her Official Residence,” August 5, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Bangladesh Prime Minister Flees to India as Anti-Government Protesters Storm Her Residence,” August 6, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Why Has Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Resigned and Fled?,” August 5, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Hill",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“A Quiet Military Coup in Bangladesh,” August 17, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37109182024",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2024-09-18",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Armenia on 2024-09-18, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Eurasianet",
   "“Armenia Breaks Up Alleged Russian-inspired Coup Attempt,” September 19, 2024",
   "• Hurriyet Daily News",
   "“Armenia Says it Foiled Alleged Coup Attempt,” September 19, 2024",
   "• Newsweek",
   "“Russia’s ‘Coup’ Dispute With Neighbor Heats Up,” September 20, 2024",
   "• Politico",
   "“Russia Tried To Stage Coup in Armenia, Prosecutors Allege,” September 18, 2024",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Armenian_coup_attempt_allegations"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37109182024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2021-06-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1186,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Eurasianet",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia Breaks Up Alleged Russian-inspired Coup Attempt,” September 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Hurriyet Daily News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia Says it Foiled Alleged Coup Attempt,” September 19, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsweek",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russia’s ‘Coup’ Dispute With Neighbor Heats Up,” September 20, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Politico",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Russia Tried To Stage Coup in Armenia, Prosecutors Allege,” September 18, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Armenian_coup_attempt_allegations"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43409242024",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2024-09-24",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Talon",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 2024-09-24, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press (AP)",
   "“Two Men Close to Benin’s President Jailed After Alleged Coup Plot,” October 2, 2024",
   "• BBC",
   "“Benin Arrests Three Men Over Suspected Coup Plot,” September 26, 2024",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Benin State Prosecutor Says Arrests Made Over Suspected Coup PLot,” September 25, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43409242024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Talon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-04-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1262,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press (AP)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Two Men Close to Benin’s President Jailed After Alleged Coup Plot,” October 2, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin Arrests Three Men Over Suspected Coup Plot,” September 26, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin State Prosecutor Says Arrests Made Over Suspected Coup PLot,” September 25, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "04111102024",
  "country": "Haiti",
  "country_iso3": "HTI",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "Caribbean",
  "date": "2024-11-10",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Lesle Voltaire",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Haiti on 2024-11-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Haiti Replaces It’s Prime Minister, Marking More Turmoil In Its Democratic Transition Process,” By",
   "Evens Sanon, November 10, 2024",
   "• BBC",
   "“Haiti’s Prime Minister Ousted After Six Weeks,” by Jameie Whitehead, November 10, 2024",
   "• Miami Herald",
   "“Haiti’s Presidential Council Fires Prime Minister, Names Businessman in Controversial Move,” by",
   "Jacqueline Charles, November 11, 2024",
   "• New York Times",
   "“Haitian Prime Minister Is Fired, Adding to the Nation’s Turmoil,” by Francis Robles, November 10,",
   "2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 19,
  "lng": -72.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "04111102024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Lesle Voltaire",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "provisional",
  "last_election": "2016-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2912,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.23,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti Replaces It’s Prime Minister, Marking More Turmoil In Its Democratic Transition Process,” By Evens Sanon, November 10, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s Prime Minister Ousted After Six Weeks,” by Jameie Whitehead, November 10, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Miami Herald",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haiti’s Presidential Council Fires Prime Minister, Names Businessman in Controversial Move,” by Jacqueline Charles, November 11, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New York Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Haitian Prime Minister Is Fired, Adding to the Nation’s Turmoil,” by Francis Robles, November 10, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "70311122024",
  "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
  "country_iso3": "KGZ",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Central Asia",
  "date": "2024-11-12",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Sadyr Japarov",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Kyrgyzstan on 2024-11-12, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Reuters",
   "“Kyrgyzstan makes arrests over suspected coup attempt ahead of local elections,” November 13, 2024",
   "• US News & World Report “Kyrgyzstan Makes Arrests Over Suspected Coup Attempt Ahead of Local",
   "Elections,” November 13, 2024",
   "• The Times of Central Asia",
   "“Kyrgyz Police Claim to Have Foiled Another Seizure of Power, November 13, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 41.2,
  "lng": 74.8,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "70311122024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Sadyr Japarov",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-01-10",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1402,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.35,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kyrgyzstan makes arrests over suspected coup attempt ahead of local elections,” November 13, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "US News & World Report “Kyrgyzstan Makes Arrests Over Suspected Coup Attempt Ahead of Local",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "Elections,” November 13, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Times of Central Asia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Kyrgyz Police Claim to Have Foiled Another Seizure of Power, November 13, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "73212032024",
  "country": "Republic of Korea",
  "country_iso3": "KOR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "East Asia",
  "date": "2024-12-03",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Yoon Suk Yeol",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Republic of Korea on 2024-12-03, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Asia Times",
   "“South Korea’s Sloppy Coup Attempt: Why’d Yoon Do It?,” by Bradley K. Martin and Uwe Parpart,",
   "December 4, 2024",
   "• Foreign Policy",
   "“How South Koreans Rejected Martial Law,” by James Palmer, December 3, 2024",
   "• Reuters",
   "“South Korea’s President Yoon Reverses Martial Law After Lawmakers Defy Him,” by Jack Kim and",
   "Ju-min Park, December 3, 2024"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 35.9,
  "lng": 127.8,
  "tactics": [
   "martial_law_or_curfew",
   "parliament_attack",
   "troop_movement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Palace / elite",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": "73212032024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Yoon Suk Yeol",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2022-03-09",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1000,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.72,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Asia Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Korea’s Sloppy Coup Attempt: Why’d Yoon Do It?,” by Bradley K. Martin and Uwe Parpart, December 4, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Foreign Policy",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“How South Koreans Rejected Martial Law,” by James Palmer, December 3, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“South Korea’s President Yoon Reverses Martial Law After Lawmakers Defy Him,” by Jack Kim and Ju-min Park, December 3, 2024"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36012072024",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2024-12-07",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Klaus Iohannis",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Romania on 2024-12-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Politico",
   "“Romania’s far-right former presidential candidate charged with coup plot,” Seb Starcevic September",
   "16, 2025",
   "• BBC",
   "“Coup plot charges for former Romanian presidential candidate,” by Mircea Barbu and Nick Thorpe,",
   "September 16, 2025",
   "• EuroNews.",
   "“Romania charges ex-presidential candidate C˘alin Georgescu over coup attempt,” by Kieran Guilbert,",
   "October 4, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36012072024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Klaus Iohannis",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2024-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 13,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.68,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Politico",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania’s far-right former presidential candidate charged with coup plot,” Seb Starcevic September 16, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup plot charges for former Romanian presidential candidate,” by Mircea Barbu and Nick Thorpe, September 16, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "EuroNews.",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania charges ex-presidential candidate C˘alin Georgescu over coup attempt,” by Kieran Guilbert, October 4, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "65212082024",
  "country": "Syria",
  "country_iso3": "SYR",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2024-12-08",
  "year": 2024,
  "event_type": "Rebel coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Rebel, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Bashar al-Assad",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Rebel coup in Syria on 2024-12-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC",
   "“Rebels Seize Damascus as Assad Flees Syrian Capital,” by Aleks Phillips, December 8, 2024",
   "• NBC News",
   "“What to Know About Assad’s Fall and What Might Happen Next in Syria,” by Alexander Smith,",
   "December 9, 2024",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Syrian Rebels Topple Assad Who Flees To Russia In Mideast Shake Up,”by may age be ily and tim our",
   "Azhari, December 8, 2024",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 34.8,
  "lng": 39,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "65212082024",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Bashar al-Assad",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "party-personal-military",
  "last_election": "2021-05-26",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1292,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.14,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Rebels Seize Damascus as Assad Flees Syrian Capital,” by Aleks Phillips, December 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "NBC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“What to Know About Assad’s Fall and What Might Happen Next in Syria,” by Alexander Smith, December 9, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Syrian Rebels Topple Assad Who Flees To Russia In Mideast Shake Up,”by may age be ily and tim our Azhari, December 8, 2024"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101102025",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2025-01-10",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Auto-coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Auto-coup",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Auto-coup in Venezuela on 2025-01-10, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Venezuelan opposition candidate accuses Nicol´as Maduro of coup,” Tom Phillips January 11, 2025",
   "• CNN",
   "“Venezuela’s Maduro starts another disputed term in office more isolated than ever,” Flora Charner",
   "January 11, 2025",
   "• Human Rights Watch",
   "“Venezuela: Events of 2024,”",
   "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/venezuela#:~: text=In%20 January%",
   "2C%20 the%20 government%20 launched, were%20 detained%20 for%20 alleged%20 conspiracy."
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101102025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2024-07-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 166,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.2,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuelan opposition candidate accuses Nicol´as Maduro of coup,” Tom Phillips January 11, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "CNN",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela’s Maduro starts another disputed term in office more isolated than ever,” Flora Charner January 11, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Human Rights Watch",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Venezuela: Events of 2024,”"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/venezuela"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "36003052025",
  "country": "Romania",
  "country_iso3": "ROU",
  "region": "Europe",
  "subregion": "Eastern Europe",
  "date": "2025-03-05",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ilie Bolojan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Romania on 2025-03-05, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al-Jazeera",
   "“Romania Arrests Six Over Alledged Russia-linked Coup Plot,” March 6, 2025",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Romania Detains 6 on Suspicion of Plotting a Coup in Collusion with Russia,” by Stephen McGrath",
   "and Vadim Ghirda, March 6, 2025",
   "• Politico",
   "“Romania Foils ‘Revolution’ of Pro-Russia Group Featuring 101-year-old Man,” by Ketrin Jochevov´a,",
   "March 6, 2025",
   "• Newsweek",
   "“Nato Ally Charges Go Up With Treason Over Pro-Russian‘Coup’Plot,”by shane cour cher and maya",
   "Mehrara, March 6, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 45.9,
  "lng": 25,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "36003052025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ilie Bolojan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2024-11-24",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 101,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.63,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al-Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania Arrests Six Over Alledged Russia-linked Coup Plot,” March 6, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania Detains 6 on Suspicion of Plotting a Coup in Collusion with Russia,” by Stephen McGrath and Vadim Ghirda, March 6, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Politico",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Romania Foils ‘Revolution’ of Pro-Russia Group Featuring 101-year-old Man,” by Ketrin Jochevov´a, March 6, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Newsweek",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nato Ally Charges Go Up With Treason Over Pro-Russian‘Coup’Plot,”by shane cour cher and maya Mehrara, March 6, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43904162025",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-04-16",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2025-04-16, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• AP News",
   "“Thousands rally in Burkina Faso in support of military junta following alleged coup attempt,” April",
   "30, 2025",
   "• Deutsche Welle",
   "“Burkina Faso junta says it foiled coup attempt,” April 22, 2025",
   "• Brasil de Fato",
   "“Burkina Faso army says it foiled ’major’ coup plot,” April 22, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43904162025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1606,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "AP News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Thousands rally in Burkina Faso in support of military junta following alleged coup attempt,” April 30, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Deutsche Welle",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso junta says it foiled coup attempt,” April 22, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Brasil de Fato",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso army says it foiled ’major’ coup plot,” April 22, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43904212025",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-04-21",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2025-04-21, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Africa News",
   "“Tensions Mount In Burkina Faso A Week After The Coup Attempt,”by michael odu or, April 28,2025",
   "• BBC",
   "“Burkina Faso Army Says it Foiled ‘Major’ Coup Plot,” by Wycliffe Muia, April 22, 2025",
   "• Brasil de Fato",
   "“Burkina Faso’s government announces another coup attempt dismantlement,” by pedro stro paso-",
   "las, April 24, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43904212025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1611,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.15,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Tensions Mount In Burkina Faso A Week After The Coup Attempt,”by michael odu or, April 28,2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso Army Says it Foiled ‘Major’ Coup Plot,” by Wycliffe Muia, April 22, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Brasil de Fato",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso’s government announces another coup attempt dismantlement,” by pedro stro pasolas, April 24, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37106252025",
  "country": "Armenia",
  "country_iso3": "ARM",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2025-06-25",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Armenia on 2025-06-25, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Konrad Adenauer Stiftung",
   "“Foiled Coup in Armenia? Conflict with Church Leadership Escalates,” July 18, 2025",
   "• Center for Eastern Studies",
   "“Armenia: a power struggle between the throne and the altar, with Russia in the shadows,” July 01,",
   "2025",
   "• BBC News",
   "“Armenia’s PM offers to expose himself in escalating Church row,” June 26, 2025",
   "• AlJazeera",
   "“Armenia arrests prominent archbishop over alleged coup plot,” June 25, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 40.1,
  "lng": 45,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37106252025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nikol Pashinyan",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2021-06-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1466,
  "last_election_timing": "early",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.62,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Konrad Adenauer Stiftung",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Foiled Coup in Armenia? Conflict with Church Leadership Escalates,” July 18, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Center for Eastern Studies",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia: a power struggle between the throne and the altar, with Russia in the shadows,” July 01, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia’s PM offers to expose himself in escalating Church row,” June 26, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "AlJazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Armenia arrests prominent archbishop over alleged coup plot,” June 25, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43208072025",
  "country": "Mali",
  "country_iso3": "MLI",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-08-07",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traoré",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Mali on 2025-08-07, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• BBC",
   "“Dozens Of Malian Soldiers Arrested Over Alleged Coup Plot Against Junta, sources say,”Basil Li Oh Ru Kanga",
   "& Chris Ewokor August 11, 2025",
   "• France 24",
   "“Mali detains two dozen soldiers over alleged coup plot against junta’,” August 10, 2025",
   "• Africa News.",
   "“Two generals and more than 40 soldiers arrested over coup allegations in Mali,” August 11, 2025",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Mali’s junta arrests general sand french national over alleged coup plot,”E Romo Eg Be Jule August 11,",
   "2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": -4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43208072025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traoré",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "provisional military",
  "last_election": "2018-08-12",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2552,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.19,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Dozens Of Malian Soldiers Arrested Over Alleged Coup Plot Against Junta, sources say,”Basil Li Oh Ru Kanga & Chris Ewokor August 11, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "France 24",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali detains two dozen soldiers over alleged coup plot against junta’,” August 10, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News.",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Two generals and more than 40 soldiers arrested over coup allegations in Mali,” August 11, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Mali’s junta arrests general sand french national over alleged coup plot,”E Romo Eg Be Jule August 11, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "79009082025",
  "country": "Nepal",
  "country_iso3": "NPL",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "South Asia",
  "date": "2025-09-08",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "KP Sharma Oli",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nepal on 2025-09-08, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Protesters torch Nepal parliament as PM resigns amid turmoil,” September 9 2025",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Younganti-corruption protesters oust nepal pmol i,”Gopal Sharma And Naves H Chitra Kar September",
   "9 2025",
   "• BBC",
   "“Nepal’s parliament set on fire after PM resigns over anti-corruption protests,” September 9 2025",
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/young-anti-corruption-protesters-oust-nepal-pm-oli-2025-09-09/"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 28.4,
  "lng": 84.1,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "79009082025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "KP Sharma Oli",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2022-11-20",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 1023,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.67,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Protesters torch Nepal parliament as PM resigns amid turmoil,” September 9 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Younganti-corruption protesters oust nepal pmol i,”Gopal Sharma And Naves H Chitra Kar September 9 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nepal’s parliament set on fire after PM resigns over anti-corruption protests,” September 9 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/young-anti-corruption-protesters-oust-nepal-pm-oli-2025-09-09/"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "58010032025",
  "country": "Madagascar",
  "country_iso3": "MDG",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "East Africa",
  "date": "2025-10-03",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Rajoelina",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; fled the country",
  "description": "Military coup in Madagascar on 2025-10-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; fled the country.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Madagascar: Madagascar Genz Protests Erupt Over Water And Power Woes,”October 7,2025“Mada-",
   "gascar: Madagascar president warns of attempted coup after soldiers join protests,” October 15, 2025",
   "“Madagascar: FACTBOX - What we know about political crisis in Madagascar,” October 16, 2025",
   "“Madagascar: Military seizes power in Madagascar, suspends constitution,” October 16, 2025 “Mada-",
   "gascar: Madagascar coup leader R Andrian Irina sworn in as president,” October 21, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": -18.8,
  "lng": 47,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "58010032025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Rajoelina",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2023-11-16",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 687,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.4,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar: Madagascar Genz Protests Erupt Over Water And Power Woes,”October 7,2025“Madagascar: Madagascar president warns of attempted coup after soldiers join protests,” October 15, 2025"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar: FACTBOX - What we know about political crisis in Madagascar,” October 16, 2025"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Madagascar: Military seizes power in Madagascar, suspends constitution,” October 16, 2025 “Madagascar: Madagascar coup leader R Andrian Irina sworn in as president,” October 21, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "37210072025",
  "country": "Georgia",
  "country_iso3": "GEO",
  "region": "Asia",
  "subregion": "Western Asia",
  "date": "2025-10-07",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Dissident coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Dissident, Forced resignation, Popular revolt",
  "target_leader": "Irakli Kobakhidze",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Dissident coup in Georgia on 2025-10-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Georgia: Police fire tear gas at anti-government protesters,” October 8, 2025 “Georgia: Heavy police",
   "presence in Georgia after protesters attempt to storm presidential palace,” October 8, 2025 “Georgia:",
   "Georgia’s prime minister promises clampdown on dissent,” October 9, 2025“Georgia: Georgia’sprime",
   "minister accuses opposition of attempting to topple him and vows further crackdown,”October 9,2025",
   "• New Delhi Times",
   "“Georgia’s prime minister says protesters want to topple his government and vows a further crackdown,”",
   "October 7, 2025",
   "German Democratic Republic (DDR)"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 42.3,
  "lng": 43.4,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "37210072025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "low",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Irakli Kobakhidze",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "parliamentary",
  "last_election": "2024-10-26",
  "last_election_kind": "legislative",
  "days_since_election": 346,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.48,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Georgia: Police fire tear gas at anti-government protesters,” October 8, 2025 “Georgia: Heavy police presence in Georgia after protesters attempt to storm presidential palace,” October 8, 2025 “Georgia: Georgia’s prime minister promises clampdown on dissent,” October 9, 2025“Georgia: Georgia’sprime minister accuses opposition of attempting to topple him and vows further crackdown,”October 9,2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "New Delhi Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Georgia’s prime minister says protesters want to topple his government and vows a further crackdown,” October 7, 2025 German Democratic Republic (DDR)"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "47510232025",
  "country": "Nigeria",
  "country_iso3": "NGA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-10-23",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Tinubu",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Nigeria on 2025-10-23, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• The Daily Trust",
   "“Coup scare in Nigeria: Yet another view,” November 1, 2025",
   "• Al Jazeera English",
   "“Nigeria replaces top security officials days after coup plot denial,” October 24, 2025",
   "• The Guardian",
   "“Nigeria to prosecute 30 suspects, 7 still at large in alleged coup plot,” November 2, 2025",
   "• Premium Times",
   "“EXCLUSIVE: Alleged Coup Plot: Over 30 people to face trial,” November 2, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.1,
  "lng": 8.7,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "47510232025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Tinubu",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2023-03-01",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 967,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.5,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "The Daily Trust",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup scare in Nigeria: Yet another view,” November 1, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera English",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria replaces top security officials days after coup plot denial,” October 24, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Guardian",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Nigeria to prosecute 30 suspects, 7 still at large in alleged coup plot,” November 2, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Premium Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“EXCLUSIVE: Alleged Coup Plot: Over 30 people to face trial,” November 2, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40410312025",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-10-31",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Embalo",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2025-10-31, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• AllAfrica.com",
   "“Une Tentative De Subversion Constitutionnel Led´ejou´ee`ala veille de la campagne´electoral e,”November",
   "2,2025“E´lections-Ler´eg i meen place est entrain decr´eer les conditions pour se garantir une victoire,”",
   "November 3, 2025",
   "• The Pioneer",
   "“Military officers arrested for alleged coup attempt,” November 2, 2025",
   "• Infobae",
   "“El Ej´ercito de Guinea Bissau detiene a mandos militares por golpismo a un mes para las elecciones,”",
   "November 1, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "40410312025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Embalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2133,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "AllAfrica.com",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Une Tentative De Subversion Constitutionnel Led´ejou´ee`ala veille de la campagne´electoral e,”November 2,2025“E´lections-Ler´eg i meen place est entrain decr´eer les conditions pour se garantir une victoire,” November 3, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Pioneer",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Military officers arrested for alleged coup attempt,” November 2, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Infobae",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“El Ej´ercito de Guinea Bissau detiene a mandos militares por golpismo a un mes para las elecciones,” November 1, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "40411262025",
  "country": "Guinea-Bissau",
  "country_iso3": "GNB",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-11-26",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Embalo",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled",
  "description": "Military coup in Guinea-Bissau on 2025-11-26, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C 3%A 9 tathttps://en.wikipedia.",
   "org/wiki/High_Military_Command_for_the_Restoration_of_National_Security_and_Public_Order",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C 3%B 3",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Guinea-Bissau: West African bloc ECOWAS condemns Guinea-Bissau coup,” December 1, 2025",
   "“Guinea-Bissau: General sworn in as new Guinea-Bissau leader, ousted president arrives in Senegal,”",
   "December 2, 2025 “World: Another coup in Africa! Guinea-Bissau falls,” December 3, 2025",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Guinea-Bissau rocked by coup, president’s arrest,” November 27, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 11.8,
  "lng": -15.2,
  "tactics": [
   "leader_detention",
   "media_seizure",
   "border_closure",
   "constitution_suspended"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 2,
  "cline_id": "40411262025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Embalo",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2019-12-29",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 2159,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.28,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tathttps://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/High_Military_Command_for_the_Restoration_of_National_Security_and_Public_Order"
     },
     {
      "text": "",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau: West African bloc ECOWAS condemns Guinea-Bissau coup,” December 1, 2025"
     },
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau: General sworn in as new Guinea-Bissau leader, ousted president arrives in Senegal,” December 2, 2025 “World: Another coup in Africa! Guinea-Bissau falls,” December 3, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Guinea-Bissau rocked by coup, president’s arrest,” November 27, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43412072025",
  "country": "Benin",
  "country_iso3": "BEN",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2025-12-07",
  "year": 2025,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military",
  "target_leader": "Talon",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Benin on 2025-12-07, recorded as an attempted coup. Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Wikipedia",
   "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Beninese_coup_attempt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/",
   "Patrice_Talon",
   "• Premium Times",
   "“Benin coup has been foiled - Interior Minister,” December 7, 2025",
   "• The Peninsula",
   "“Benin govt says ’foiled’ coup attempt,” December 7, 2025",
   "• The Sentinel",
   "“Coup attempt in Benin ’foiled’: GLOBAL BRIEFING,” December 8, 2025",
   "• Namibian Sun",
   "“Benin coup thwarted by loyalist troops, president tells nation,” December 9, 2025",
   "• Asia News Monitor",
   "“Benin: Attempted coup in Benin suppressed, all its foci mopped up - President,” December 10, 2025"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 9.3,
  "lng": 2.3,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43412072025",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "high",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Talon",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "presidential",
  "last_election": "2021-04-11",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1701,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.49,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Wikipedia",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Beninese_coup_attempt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Talon"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Premium Times",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin coup has been foiled - Interior Minister,” December 7, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Peninsula",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin govt says ’foiled’ coup attempt,” December 7, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Sentinel",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Coup attempt in Benin ’foiled’: GLOBAL BRIEFING,” December 8, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Namibian Sun",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin coup thwarted by loyalist troops, president tells nation,” December 9, 2025"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Asia News Monitor",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Benin: Attempted coup in Benin suppressed, all its foci mopped up - President,” December 10, 2025"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "10101032026",
  "country": "Venezuela",
  "country_iso3": "VEN",
  "region": "Americas",
  "subregion": "South America",
  "date": "2026-01-03",
  "year": 2026,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Incumbent executive removed from power",
  "coup_status": "Successful",
  "actor_type": "Military, Foreign-backed, Other / unspecified",
  "target_leader": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_fate": "Deposed; injured; arrested or jailed",
  "description": "Military coup in Venezuela on 2026-01-03, recorded as a realized (successful) coup. Recorded executive outcome: deposed; injured; arrested or jailed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• France 24",
   "“Trump says Venezuela’s Maduro has been captured after large-scale strikes,” January 3, 2026",
   "• The Globe and Mail (online)",
   "“Trump says U.S. will ‘run’ Venezuela after capturing Maduro in military strike: U.S. President says",
   "Maduro, who faces charges along with his wife, was seized during an assault on a fortress in Caracas,”",
   "Adrian Morrow, January 3, 2026",
   "• Wall Street Journal (online)",
   "“Inside Operation Absolute Resolve, the U.S. Incursion That Deposed Venezuela’s Maduro; Trump",
   "telegraphed his plans for months. Yet when it happened, Washington and Caracas were stunned,”",
   "Alexander Ward, Alex Leary, Dustin Volz, Vera Bergen Gruen, Shelby Holliday, January 4, 2026",
   "• The New Arab",
   "“Trump says Venezuela’s Maduro captured in large scale US strike,” January 3, 2026"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 6.4,
  "lng": -66.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "10101032026",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Nicolas Maduro",
  "leader_in_power_military": false,
  "regime_type": "personal",
  "last_election": "2024-07-28",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 524,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.18,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "France 24",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trump says Venezuela’s Maduro has been captured after large-scale strikes,” January 3, 2026"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The Globe and Mail (online)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trump says U.S. will ‘run’ Venezuela after capturing Maduro in military strike: U.S. President says Maduro, who faces charges along with his wife, was seized during an assault on a fortress in Caracas,” Adrian Morrow, January 3, 2026"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Wall Street Journal (online)",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Inside Operation Absolute Resolve, the U.S. Incursion That Deposed Venezuela’s Maduro; Trump telegraphed his plans for months. Yet when it happened, Washington and Caracas were stunned,” Alexander Ward, Alex Leary, Dustin Volz, Vera Bergen Gruen, Shelby Holliday, January 4, 2026"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "The New Arab",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Trump says Venezuela’s Maduro captured in large scale US strike,” January 3, 2026"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43901032026",
  "country": "Burkina Faso",
  "country_iso3": "BFA",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2026-01-03",
  "year": 2026,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Plot discovered and disrupted before execution",
  "coup_status": "Conspiracy",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident, Foreign-backed",
  "target_leader": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not physically harmed",
  "description": "Military coup in Burkina Faso on 2026-01-03, recorded as a coup conspiracy (disrupted before execution). Recorded executive outcome: remained in office; not physically harmed.",
  "source_dataset": "Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2",
  "citation_note": "Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10",
  "notes": "Structured record derived from the baseline dataset’s coded variables. Individual names and narratives shown by Coup Atlas belong to a separate research layer with claim-level sources. Baseline source-document entries are citation trails, not independent verification by Coup Atlas.",
  "sources": [
   "• Africa News",
   "“Burkina Faso authorities say new coup plot foiled, arrests underway,” by Michael Oduor, January 7,",
   "2026",
   "• BBC",
   "“Plot to kill Burkina Faso leader foiled, says junta,” by Chris Ewokor, January 7, 2026",
   "• Business Insider",
   "“Burkina Faso claims that the $125,000 plan to assassinate Traor´e was caught on tape,” by Chinedu",
   "Okafor, January 7, 2026"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [],
  "lat": 12.2,
  "lng": -1.6,
  "tactics": null,
  "lead_actor_type": null,
  "duration_days": null,
  "cline_id": "43901032026",
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "partial",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "cam_id": null,
  "leader_in_power": "Ibrahim Traore",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2020-11-22",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "days_since_election": 1868,
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": 0.13,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Africa News",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso authorities say new coup plot foiled, arrests underway,” by Michael Oduor, January 7, 2026"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "BBC",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Plot to kill Burkina Faso leader foiled, says junta,” by Chris Ewokor, January 7, 2026"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Business Insider",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Burkina Faso claims that the $125,000 plan to assassinate Traor´e was caught on tape,” by Chinedu Okafor, January 7, 2026"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "added_on": "2026-07-25"
 },
 {
  "id": "43608292026",
  "country": "Niger",
  "country_iso3": "NER",
  "region": "Africa",
  "subregion": "West Africa",
  "date": "2026-08-29",
  "year": 2026,
  "event_type": "Military coup",
  "outcome": "Loyalist forces suppressed the uprising; the incumbent junta remained in power",
  "coup_status": "Attempted",
  "actor_type": "Military, Dissident",
  "target_leader": "Abdourahamane Tchiani",
  "leader_fate": "Remained in office; not reported physically harmed",
  "description": "Mutinous soldiers attacked Air Base 101 at Niamey’s international airport and targeted the presidential district and state broadcaster. Loyalist forces, reportedly assisted by Russia’s Africa Corps, regained control after hours of fighting. Coup Atlas classifies the episode as an apparent attempted military coup while the mutineers’ leadership and formal program remain unclear.",
  "source_dataset": "Coup Atlas editorial addition",
  "citation_note": "Coup Atlas editorial record added August 31, 2026, from Niger’s official Defense Ministry statement and contemporaneous reporting by the Associated Press, Reuters, Le Monde and Al Jazeera. The classification remains subject to revision as the investigation develops.",
  "notes": "This is a developing record. Coup Atlas classifies the episode as an apparent attempted military coup because mutinous soldiers targeted the presidential district, state broadcaster and a strategic airbase. The mutineers had not publicly identified their leadership, political program or intended replacement for Tchiani by publication time.",
  "sources": [
   "• Niger Ministry of National Defence / Le Sahel",
   "“Communiqué du Ministère de la Défense Nationale,” August 29, 2026 https://www.lesahel.org/communique-du-ministere-de-la-defense-nationale-5/",
   "• Associated Press",
   "“Inside the 24-hour mutiny that threatened Niger’s ruling junta and how Russian forces intervened,” August 30, 2026 https://apnews.com/article/f0b808785a177e51ecee71c786624558",
   "• Reuters",
   "“Niger says it regains control of airbase after soldiers mutiny,” August 30, 2026 https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/niger-says-it-regains-control-airbase-after-soldiers-mutiny-2026-08-30/",
   "• Le Monde",
   "“Niger coup attempt exposes weakness of Tiani junta,” August 30, 2026 https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2026/08/30/niger-coup-attempt-exposes-weakness-of-tiani-junta_6756995_124.html",
   "• Al Jazeera",
   "“Niger’s military-led government says it contained mutiny: What next?,” August 30, 2026 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/30/nigers-military-led-government-says-it-contained-mutiny-what-next"
  ],
  "background": "",
  "key_figures": [
   "General Abdourahamane Tchiani (junta leader and apparent target)",
   "General Salifou Mody (defense minister who announced the government response)",
   "Mutinous soldiers, including reported special-forces personnel (leadership not publicly identified)",
   "Russia’s Africa Corps (foreign force reported to have assisted loyalists)"
  ],
  "lat": 17.6,
  "lng": 8.1,
  "tactics": [
   "troop_movement",
   "palace_takeover",
   "media_seizure",
   "airport_closure",
   "foreign_involvement"
  ],
  "lead_actor_type": "Military",
  "duration_days": 1,
  "cline_id": null,
  "powell_thyne_id": null,
  "cam_id": null,
  "agreement_status": "unique_to_us",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "leader_in_power": "Abdourahamane Tchiani",
  "leader_in_power_military": true,
  "regime_type": "military",
  "last_election": "2021-02-21",
  "last_election_kind": "executive",
  "last_election_timing": "scheduled",
  "days_since_election": 2015,
  "vdem_v2x_polyarchy": null,
  "deaths": null,
  "adverse_regime_change": null,
  "added_on": "2026-08-31",
  "source_trail": [
   {
    "outlet": "Niger Ministry of National Defence / Le Sahel",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Communiqué du Ministère de la Défense Nationale,” August 29, 2026",
      "url": "https://www.lesahel.org/communique-du-ministere-de-la-defense-nationale-5/"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Associated Press",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Inside the 24-hour mutiny that threatened Niger’s ruling junta and how Russian forces intervened,” August 30, 2026",
      "url": "https://apnews.com/article/f0b808785a177e51ecee71c786624558"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Reuters",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger says it regains control of airbase after soldiers mutiny,” August 30, 2026",
      "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/niger-says-it-regains-control-airbase-after-soldiers-mutiny-2026-08-30/"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Le Monde",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger coup attempt exposes weakness of Tiani junta,” August 30, 2026",
      "url": "https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2026/08/30/niger-coup-attempt-exposes-weakness-of-tiani-junta_6756995_124.html"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
    "cites": [
     {
      "text": "“Niger’s military-led government says it contained mutiny: What next?,” August 30, 2026",
      "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/30/nigers-military-led-government-says-it-contained-mutiny-what-next"
     }
    ]
   }
  ]
 }
]