Coup Atlas Research Database
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37303131995AttemptedMilitary coup

Azerbaijan, 1995 — military coup attempt

Azerbaijan (AZE)Western Asia, AsiaMarch 13, 1995

Event Summary

On 13 March 1995 Colonel Rovshan Javadov, deputy interior minister and commander of the OPON special police unit in Azerbaijan, mounted a coup attempt against President Heydar Aliyev, seeking to seize power and reinstate Aliyev's ousted predecessor Abulfaz Elchibey. Javadov's OPON troops, an armed paramilitary force that had become a law unto itself, rose against Aliyev's government in Baku in a bid that formed part of the chronic instability plaguing Azerbaijan since independence, amid the trauma of the lost war with Armenia over Nagorno Karabakh and the struggles among rival armed factions and militia commanders. But the attempt failed.

Aliyev, the wily former Soviet Politburo veteran, rallied his forces, and, reportedly bolstered by a warning to the plotters from the Turkish president Suleyman Demirel, moved to crush the revolt. Government forces defeated the OPON units, and Javadov was killed in the fighting. Aliyev used the victory to disband the troublesome OPON, break the power of the militia commanders, and consolidate a firm authoritarian control over Azerbaijan that he maintained until his death in 2003, when he was succeeded by his son.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Heydar Aliyev crushed Colonel Javadov's March 1995 OPON coup attempt and consolidated his rule
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Heydar Aliyev (president of Azerbaijan, target)
Rovshan Javadov (OPON commander, coup leader, killed)
Abulfaz Elchibey (ousted predecessor the plotters sought to reinstate)

Sources

On 13 March 1995 Colonel Rovshan Javadov and his unit of OPON troops failed to seize power from President Heydar Aliyev and reinstate his predecessor Abulfaz Elchibey.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, List of coups and coup attempts by country open source ↗
The attempt collapsed after Turkish president Suleyman Demirel warned Aliyev.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, List of coups and coup attempts by country open source ↗
Heydar Aliyev had taken power in 1993 amid the war with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Heydar Aliyev open source ↗
Aliyev consolidated authoritarian rule over Azerbaijan and was succeeded by his son Ilham Aliyev on his death in 2003.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Heydar Aliyev open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the 13 March 1995 Javadov OPON coup attempt. Dataset codes it a military coup with leader unharmed, accurate for Aliyev. Well documented via the coups list, though fine detail on the fighting is lightly sourced this session. Second Azerbaijan record in this batch; the crushing of Javadov let Aliyev disband OPON and consolidate power.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
37303131995
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-373-1995-03-13

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Heydar Aliyev crushed Colonel Javadov's March 1995 OPON coup attempt and consolidated his rule.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Times

“Turkish Inquiry Links Government Agents to Assassinations,” by Stephen Kinzer, January 26, 1998

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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