Coup Atlas Research Database
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71009081971AttemptedPalace coup

China, 1971 — palace coup attempt

China (CHN)East Asia, AsiaSeptember 8, 1971

Event Summary

The dataset records an event coded as a palace coup in China on 8 September 1971, the point at which, according to the official Chinese account, Vice Chairman Lin Biao ordered his followers to proceed with a plot to assassinate Chairman Mao Zedong. Lin Biao, Mao's designated successor and defense minister, had fallen out with Mao after the 1970 Lushan conference as Mao grew wary of Lin's power in the army. According to the official narrative, Lin's son Lin Liguo, a senior air force officer, had drafted a coup plan code named Project 571, and on 8 September 1971 Lin gave the order to carry out Mao's assassination.

The plotters' schemes to sabotage Mao's train failed when Mao unexpectedly altered his route and returned safely to Beijing on 12 September. Realizing the plot had collapsed, Lin Biao, his wife, and Lin Liguo fled by plane toward the Soviet Union, and their aircraft crashed in Mongolia on 13 September, killing all aboard. Mao survived and purged the army's high command.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Chairman Mao Zedong survived the alleged Lin Biao plot; Lin died fleeing and Mao purged the military
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Mao Zedong (chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, target)
Lin Biao (vice chairman and defense minister, alleged plotter)
Lin Liguo (Lin's son and air force officer, alleged drafter of Project 571)

Sources

On September 8, 1971 Lin Biao decided to speed up the coup and gave the order to his subordinates to proceed with Mao's assassination, under the direction of Lin Liguo and Zhang Yuchi.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Project 571 open source ↗
Lin's subordinates planned to assassinate Mao by sabotaging his train before he returned to Beijing, but Mao unexpectedly changed his route on September 11 and returned safely on September 12.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Project 571 open source ↗
After the coup attempt failed, Lin Biao, Ye Qun, Lin Liguo, and most of the other major plotters attempted to flee to the Soviet Union and their Trident aircraft crashed near Ondorkhaan in Mongolia on September 13, 1971.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Project 571 open source ↗
The Lin Biao incident triggered a swift purge by Mao of the People's Liberation Army high command, with thousands of senior military officers removed.
SOURCE REVIEWED Hoover Institution, The Lin Biao Incident open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 8 September 1971 matches the day Lin Biao reportedly ordered the assassination to proceed, per the official Chinese account. Extensively documented, though scholars outside China dispute whether Lin Biao himself directed the plot or whether the flight was a panicked defection; the summary and note reflect that dispute. Dataset codes it a palace coup with leader remained in office, accurate for Mao. First China record enriched in this run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
71009081971

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Chairman Mao Zedong survived the alleged Lin Biao plot; Lin died fleeing and Mao purged the military.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

New York Times

“TOP CHINA POSTS IN FORCES VACANT Peking’s Delay in Filling Them Linked to Rivalries,” August 6, 1980

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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