Coup Atlas Research Database
← Back to explorer
09404021949AttemptedDissident coup

Costa Rica, 1949 — dissident coup attempt

Costa Rica (CRI)Central America, AmericasApril 2, 1949

Event Summary

On 2 April 1949 Colonel Edgar Cardona, minister of public security of Costa Rica's Founding Junta and one of the distinguished commanders of the victorious 1948 revolutionary army, launched the armed rising known as the Cardonazo against junta president Jose Figueres Ferrer. The revolt was driven by conservative anger at the junta's most radical measures, above all Figueres's nationalization of the banks and a 10 percent wealth tax. The attempt collapsed within two days: on 4 April Figueres, surrounded by loyal men of the junta, arrived at the Bellavista Barracks where Cardona was defeated, and the junta continued in power.

It went on to complete the transition it had promised, overseeing the 1949 constitution and handing the presidency to Otilio Ulate in November 1949.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Junta president Jose Figueres Ferrer survived the Cardonazo unharmed and the junta handed power to Ulate on schedule
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Jose Figueres Ferrer (junta president, target)
Edgar Cardona Quiros (public security minister, rebellion leader)

Sources

Figueres's decision to nationalize all banks and impose a 10 percent wealth tax was controversial and led to a failed coup attempt by Public Security Minister Edgar Cardona Quiros, known as the Cardonazo.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1953 Costa Rican general election open source ↗
On April 4, 1949, at the end of the armed movement known as the Cardonazo, Figueres arrived at the Bellavista Barracks with men loyal to the Founding Junta and defeated Colonel Edgar Cardona, head of the rebellion, who held the post of minister of public security.
SOURCE REVIEWED SensorialSunsets, Abolition of the Army and Defense of Costa Rica's Sovereignty open source ↗
Cardona had been one of the bravest and most distinguished combatants of the army that triumphed in the revolution of early 1948 before turning against the junta.
SOURCE REVIEWED SensorialSunsets, Abolition of the Army and Defense of Costa Rica's Sovereignty open source ↗
The junta under Figueres governed for 18 months under its pact with Ulate, oversaw the Constituent Assembly and 1949 constitution, and returned power to Ulate no later than 8 November 1949.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1953 Costa Rican general election open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 2 April 1949 matches the start of the Cardonazo, which ended 4 April. An insider revolt from within the junta's own security apparatus, contrasting with the external Calderonista invasion of December 1948 enriched in this same batch.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09404021949

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Junta president Jose Figueres Ferrer survived the Cardonazo unharmed and the junta handed power to Ulate on schedule.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Los Angeles Times

“Costa Rica War Minister Revolts Against Junta,” April 03, 1949

Washington Post

“Minister Heads Attack on Junta In Costa Rica,” April 03, 1949

Wikipedia

Journal of Development Studies

“A Farewell to Arms: The Peace Dividend of Costa Rica’s Army Abolition,” Vol 0, No. 0, 1-25

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

Know something about this event?
Tips are reviewed against sources before anything is added.