Coup Atlas Research Database
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04004171961AttemptedDissident coup

Cuba, 1961 — dissident coup attempt

Cuba (CUB)Caribbean, AmericasApril 17, 1961

Event Summary

On 17 April 1961 Brigade 2506, a force of some 1,400 Cuban exiles organized, financed, trained, and directed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency, landed at the Bay of Pigs on the southern coast of Cuba in a failed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro's revolutionary government. The operation, inherited by President John F. Kennedy from the Eisenhower administration, counted on a popular uprising that never came.

Preliminary air strikes on 15 April by B-26 bombers disguised as Cuban aircraft failed to destroy Castro's air force, and Kennedy cancelled a follow up strike to hide U.S. involvement.

The exiles came under heavy fire on the beaches, Cuban planes sank their supply ships, and Castro rushed some 20,000 troops to the area. Within about three days the brigade was crushed, with more than 100 killed and roughly 1,200 captured. The debacle strengthened Castro, who soon proclaimed the socialist character of the revolution and drew closer to the Soviet Union.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Prime Minister Fidel Castro survived the invasion and used it to consolidate his rule and align Cuba with the Soviet Union
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Fidel Castro (prime minister of Cuba, target)
Brigade 2506 (CIA-trained Cuban exile force)
John F. Kennedy (U.S. president who authorized the operation)

Sources

On April 17, 1961 the Cuban exile invasion force known as Brigade 2506 landed at beaches along the Bay of Pigs and immediately came under heavy fire, with Cuban planes sinking two escort ships and destroying half of the exiles' air support.
SOURCE REVIEWED JFK Library, The Bay of Pigs open source ↗
Almost 1,200 members of Brigade 2506 surrendered and more than 100 were killed, and the brigade prisoners remained in captivity for 20 months until the United States negotiated their release for 53 million dollars in baby food and medicine.
SOURCE REVIEWED JFK Library, The Bay of Pigs open source ↗
Components of Brigade 2506 landed at the Bay of Pigs on April 17, 1961 and were defeated within two days by Cuban armed forces under the direct command of Castro, and the failed invasion strengthened his administration.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. State Department, The Bay of Pigs Invasion and its Aftermath open source ↗
The failed invasion strengthened Castro, who proceeded to openly proclaim his intention to adopt socialism and pursue closer ties with the Soviet Union, leading to the 1962 missile crisis.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. State Department, The Bay of Pigs Invasion and its Aftermath open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match, extensively documented. Dataset codes it a dissident coup, reflecting the exile invasion aimed at overthrowing Castro. Major entry in the Cuba arc after the 1959 revolution and the 1957 to 1959 anti-Batista risings.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
04004171961

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Prime Minister Fidel Castro survived the invasion and used it to consolidate his rule and align Cuba with the Soviet Union.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

Times of India

“Invades of Cuba Move Toward Havana: 27 HELD: ALLEGED PLOT TO KILL DR. CASTRO,” April 19, 1961

Los Angeles Times

“Britain Denounces Soviet Claim of U.S. Plot in Cuba: Reds Receiving No Support in the United Nations,” April 20, 1961

New York Times

“THE BAY OF PIGS: HATE UNDIMMED AFTER 25 YEARS,” April 17, 1986

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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