Coup Atlas Research Database
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04206211949AttemptedPopular revolt

Dominican Republic, 1949 — popular revolt attempt

Dominican Republic (DOM)Caribbean, AmericasJune 21, 1949

Event Summary

On 19 June 1949 Dominican exiles of the Caribbean Legion attempted an armed landing at the town of Luperon on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic as the spearhead of a plan to overthrow the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. The operation, planned from Guatemala with President Juan Jose Arevalo's support and staged by air with a Mexican refueling arrangement, fell apart when poor coordination and weather reduced the invasion to a single PBY Catalina flying boat carrying about 15 men, including three American crew members. Dominican forces destroyed the aircraft and killed or captured all aboard, the three Americans among the dead.

Trujillo used the trial of the survivors to denounce foreign intervention, and the failed landing, following the aborted 1947 Cayo Confites expedition, left his rule unshaken until his assassination in 1961.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Dictator Rafael Trujillo was unharmed and remained in power until his assassination in 1961
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Rafael Trujillo (Dominican dictator, target)
Caribbean Legion Dominican exiles (invasion force)
Juan Jose Arevalo (Guatemalan president supporting the expedition)
Horacio Julio Ornes (expedition participant and later opposition leader)

Sources

A PBY aircraft tried to land men and munitions at the town of Luperon on the northern Dominican coast as part of a larger plan to overthrow the Trujillo government, and Dominican forces destroyed the PBY and killed or captured all 15 occupants, including three Americans killed.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. State Department, FRUS 1949 vol. II open source ↗
Arevalo supported the 1949 air invasion, with 60 Dominican exiles trained at Guatemalan military facilities and Mexican refueling arranged, but poor coordination and weather meant only 15 men landed at Luperon, where they were quickly captured or killed.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Caribbean Legion open source ↗
The Luperon expedition was planned from Guatemala to attack different military objectives, but only one group reached the Dominican coast through Luperon bay and was suddenly attacked by Trujillo's forces in June 1949.
SOURCE REVIEWED Dominicana Online, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo open source ↗
The trial of the captured raiders was used by the Trujillo government to express support for non-interventionism, following the Legion's earlier failed 1947 invasion attempt assembled at Cayo Confites.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Caribbean Legion open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 21 June 1949 versus the sourced landing on the evening of 19 June, a two day discrepancy noted; the dataset's popular revolt coding reflects an exile invasion rather than an internal military coup, flagged. Ties to the Guatemala Arevalo records, the Caribbean Legion's Costa Rica 1948 success, and the eventual 1961 Trujillo assassination in the dataset.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
04206211949

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Dictator Rafael Trujillo was unharmed and remained in power until his assassination in 1961.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

New York Times

“Mexico Releases Two Planes,” June 28, 1949

New York Herald Tribune

“Rebel Invasion Of Dominican City Is Reported: Government Asserts Attack Has Been Crushed, but Exiles’ Leader Denies It,” June 21, 1949

Daily Boston Globe

“Revolution Crushed Says Dominican Republic,” June 22, 1949

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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