Coup Atlas Research Database
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13010161961ConspiracyDissident coup

Ecuador, 1961 — dissident coup conspiracy

Ecuador (ECU)South America, AmericasOctober 16, 1961

Event Summary

This entry is coded 16 October 1961, during the collapse of President Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra's fourth term. New sales taxes imposed in 1961 sparked a general strike and riots in several major cities, and the velasquista coalition split, with the left led by Vice President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy. Amid the growing chaos Velasco ordered the arrest of his vice president on 6 November, a move widely seen as unconstitutional, and on 7 to 8 November 1961 the military deposed Velasco, who took refuge in the Mexican embassy, and installed Arosemena as his constitutional successor.

Contemporary and later accounts note that CIA activity, channelled through labour organisations, worked to erode support for Velasco because he refused to break relations with Cuba. The 16 October coding sits in the escalating strike and plotting phase that immediately preceded the November overthrow, a crucial turning point that ended the relative stability Ecuador had enjoyed since 1948.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Velasco Ibarra was deposed weeks later on 7-8 November 1961 and replaced by Vice President Arosemena
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (president, deposed November 1961)
Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy (vice president and successor)
Ecuadorian armed forces (which carried out the November overthrow)

Sources

A series of new sales taxes in 1961 sparked a general strike and riots, splitting the velasquista coalition, with the left led by Vice President Arosemena.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: History of Ecuador (1960-90) open source ↗
On 6 November 1961 Velasco had Vice President Arosemena and eight other legislators arrested, deepening the crisis.
SOURCE REVIEWED Xavier Journal of Politics: Velasco Ibarra analysis open source ↗
On 7 November 1961 Velasco was deposed and sought refuge in the Mexican embassy, and Arosemena assumed the presidency.
SOURCE REVIEWED Nations Encyclopedia: Ecuador history open source ↗
Later accounts, including Philip Agee's, describe CIA agents in Ecuador contributing to the erosion of support for Velasco because he refused to break relations with Cuba.
SOURCE REVIEWED Cambridge: The Politics of Instability in Ecuador open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded 16 Oct 1961; the actual overthrow was 7-8 Nov 1961 (a separate event). The October window captures the tax strike and elite plotting immediately preceding the fall. Context with strong framing.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
13010161961

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Velasco Ibarra was deposed weeks later on 7-8 November 1961 and replaced by Vice President Arosemena.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

New York Times

“Ecuador Charges Plot: 16 Are Seized in a Reported Attempt to Oust Regime,” October 17, 1961

Times of India

“Eucador Plot to Overthrow Govt.,” October 18, 1961
“Army Takes Over Eucador City: Sequel to Rioting,” October 20, 1961

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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