Coup Atlas Research Database
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09212141948SuccessfulMilitary coup

El Salvador, 1948 — military coup

El Salvador (SLV)Central America, AmericasDecember 14, 1948

Event Summary

On December 14, 1948, junior officers of the Salvadoran Army, mostly majors and lieutenant colonels of the self-styled Military Youth, overthrew President General Salvador Castaneda Castro in what became known as the Majors' Coup. The trigger was Castaneda's maneuver a day earlier, when he pushed a decree through the National Assembly to convene a Constituent Assembly and lift the constitutional ban on re-election so he could extend his term. Rebel officers seized the El Zapote artillery fort in San Salvador and, after several hours of intermittent fire, forced Castaneda to surrender.

They established the Revolutionary Council of Government, abrogated the 1886 constitution, and opened the reformist period of military rule that produced the 1950 constitution and the presidency of Major Oscar Osorio.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (deposed, imprisoned)
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Salvador Castaneda Castro (deposed president)
Oscar Osorio (Revolutionary Council chairman, later president)
Oscar Adan Bolanos (council member)
Reynaldo Galindo Pohl (civilian council member)
Manuel de Jesus Cordova (military council member, later resigned)

Sources

The Majors' Coup of 14 December 1948 saw junior officers depose President Castaneda Castro, who had attempted to extend his term; the rebels seized the El Zapote fort in San Salvador and demanded his surrender.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "Majors' Coup" open source ↗
On 13 December 1948 the Legislative Assembly issued a decree allowing Castaneda to stand for re-election despite the constitutional prohibition; the following day junior officers overthrew him and replaced him with the Revolutionary Council of Government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "Salvador Castaneda Castro" open source ↗
A U.S. Charge d'Affaires reported that Castaneda had made a last effort at continuismo by rushing through Decree No. 253 to convene a Constituent Assembly, prompting the Young Officers group to launch the coup on December 14, 1948.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948, Vol. IX, Document 94 open source ↗
The coup forced all Salvadoran officers above the rank of lieutenant colonel to resign, and the young officers' Revolutionary Council of Government governed until Major Oscar Osorio was elected president in 1950.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "Military dictatorship in El Salvador" open source ↗

Editorial Note

Sources agree the coup occurred 14 December 1948, triggered by the 13 December re-election decree, and installed the Revolutionary Council of Government. Wikipedia (three articles) and two primary FRUS documents were read directly. The Cline dataset codes this as 14 December 1948.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09212141948

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (deposed, imprisoned).

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Times

“El Salvador Revolt Deposes President,” December 15, 1948
“Junta Takes Over in El Salvador...” December 16, 1948
“Cordova Quits Salvador Junta,” January 6, 1949

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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