Coup Atlas Research Database
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09203251972AttemptedMilitary coup

El Salvador, 1972 — military coup attempt

El Salvador (SLV)Central America, AmericasMarch 25, 1972

Event Summary

From 25 to 26 March 1972 young left leaning military officers in El Salvador, the Military Youth, attempted a coup to overturn the stolen presidential election of February 1972 and install the reformist opposition candidate Jose Napoleon Duarte as president. Duarte of the National Opposition Union appeared to have won the February vote, but the ruling military party suspended the count and had the legislature declare its own candidate, Colonel Arturo Armando Molina, the winner. On 25 March, Colonel Benjamin Mejia declared the Military Youth in rebellion, seized the National Palace, and captured the sitting president Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, proclaiming a revolutionary junta to install Duarte.

But the air force bombed rebel positions, loyal garrisons counterattacked, and by 26 March the coup had collapsed with around 200 dead. Sanchez Hernandez was freed, Duarte was captured, tortured, and exiled, and Molina took office in July, extending the military dictatorship that would soon give way to civil war.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Fidel Sanchez Hernandez was briefly captured but the coup failed and he was restored; Molina took office
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Fidel Sanchez Hernandez (president of El Salvador, captured then restored)
Benjamin Mejia (colonel, coup leader)
Jose Napoleon Duarte (opposition figure the coup sought to install)

Sources

The 1972 Salvadoran coup attempt occurred from 25 to 26 March 1972 when young military officers attempted to overthrow the government of Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, prevent the presidency of Arturo Armando Molina, and proclaim Jose Napoleon Duarte as president.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1972 Salvadoran coup attempt open source ↗
On the morning of 25 March, Colonel Benjamin Mejia declared the Military Youth in rebellion and announced a Revolutionary Junta intending to install Duarte, after the government had canceled the February election result and had the legislature elect Molina.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1972 Salvadoran coup attempt open source ↗
The coup plotters captured Sanchez Hernandez and the National Palace, but the Air Force bombed the palace and garrisons, and by 26 March the coup was over with 200 killed.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Military dictatorship in El Salvador open source ↗
Sanchez Hernandez retook power, Duarte was arrested, tortured, and exiled to Venezuela, and Molina assumed office on 1 July 1972.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Military dictatorship in El Salvador open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the 25 to 26 March 1972 coup attempt. Dataset codes leader fate placed under house arrest, closely reflecting Sanchez Hernandez being captured by the plotters before loyalists rescued him. Well documented. First El Salvador record in the dataset run; the Duarte connection foreshadows his later presidency during the civil war.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09203251972
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-92-1972-03-25

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Fidel Sanchez Hernandez was briefly captured but the coup failed and he was restored; Molina took office.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; placed under house arrest. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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