Coup Atlas Research Database
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22004211961ConspiracyMilitary coup

France, 1961 — military coup conspiracy

France (FRA)Western Europe, EuropeApril 21, 1961

Event Summary

On 21 April 1961 four retired French Army generals, Maurice Challe, Edmond Jouhaud, Andre Zeller and Raoul Salan, launched the Algiers putsch, also called the Generals' putsch, to force President Charles de Gaulle to abandon negotiations with the Algerian National Liberation Front and keep French Algeria. Although this event is coded here as a conspiracy, it was in fact executed: the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment seized the strategic points of Algiers overnight and the rebels arrested the government's general delegate. The metropolitan phase aimed at Paris never materialised because the commanders in Oran and Constantine refused to join, French intelligence learned of the plan, and conscript soldiers refused to obey.

De Gaulle proclaimed a state of emergency, declared over the radio that the affair was not serious, and the rebellion collapsed. Challe surrendered on 26 April; he and Zeller received fifteen year sentences, while Salan and Jouhaud escaped and helped found the OAS. The only known fatality was a French sergeant killed defending a radio transmitter.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: De Gaulle survived; the putsch collapsed within days and hastened Algerian independence in 1962
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Charles de Gaulle (French president, target)
General Maurice Challe (principal organiser)
Generals Raoul Salan, Edmond Jouhaud and Andre Zeller (co-leaders)

Sources

The Algiers putsch was organised by retired generals Challe, Jouhaud, Zeller and Salan and took place from 21 to 26 April 1961 during the Algerian War.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Algiers putsch of 1961 open source ↗
On 22 April all flights and landings were forbidden at Parisian airfields and the army was ordered to resist the coup by all means.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Algiers putsch of 1961 open source ↗
Challe gave himself up on 26 April; a military court sentenced Challe and Zeller to fifteen years, while Salan and Jouhaud escaped and were later condemned in absentia.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Algiers putsch of 1961 open source ↗
The failure pushed de Gaulle toward negotiating Algerian independence, culminating in the Evian Accords of 1962.
SOURCE REVIEWED Fiveable: Generals' putsch of 1961 open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded as a conspiracy but was actually launched and briefly held Algiers before collapsing; framed accurately as a failed executed putsch. Coded date 21 Apr 1961 is exact for the launch.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
22004211961

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: De Gaulle survived; the putsch collapsed within days and hastened Algerian independence in 1962.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Herald Tribune

“France Scarred By Insurrection: Elite Corps To Disappear In Reconstruction Of A Rmv,” April,301961

The Irish Times

“ORDER RESTORED,” April, 27 1961

Chicago Daily Tribune

“Paris Stays on Alert for Rebel Invasion,” April, 25 1961

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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