Coup Atlas Research Database
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40404122012SuccessfulMilitary coup

Guinea-Bissau, 2012 — military coup

Guinea-Bissau (GNB)West Africa, AfricaApril 12, 2012

Event Summary

On 12 April 2012 the military seized power in Guinea-Bissau between the two rounds of a presidential election, detaining the interim president and the front running candidate and halting the vote. The election had been called after President Malam Bacai Sanha died in a Paris hospital in January 2012; National Assembly speaker Raimundo Pereira became interim president, and in the first round on 18 March former prime minister Carlos Gomes Junior led with about 49 percent, heading to an April runoff against Kumba Iala. On the evening of 12 April, mutinous soldiers under the armed forces chief of staff General Antonio Indjai attacked Gomes Junior's home and the interim president's residence, took control of central Bissau, seized the state media, and arrested both Pereira and Gomes Junior.

The junta, which formed a Military Command, said it had acted because the civilian government had struck a secret deal for Angolan troops to reform and shrink the army, threatening the interests of military leaders long tied to the country's drug trafficking economy. The takeover was condemned by the United Nations Security Council, the African Union, and ECOWAS, which imposed sanctions. Pereira and Gomes Junior were later released and flown to Ivory Coast, and a negotiated transition installed a third place candidate, Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo, as interim president.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Interim President Raimundo Pereira and PM and candidate Carlos Gomes Junior, both arrested; later released and taken to Ivory Coast
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Antonio Indjai (armed forces chief who led the coup)
Raimundo Pereira (interim president, arrested)
Carlos Gomes Junior (prime minister and front running candidate, arrested)
Mamadu Ture Kuruma (deputy chief who chaired the Military Command)

Sources

On 12 April 2012 a coup was staged by elements of the armed forces about two weeks before the second round of a presidential election between Carlos Gomes Junior and Kumba Iala; both second round candidates and the incumbent interim president were initially arrested by the junta, which said one reason for the coup was the civilian administration's call for Angolan help to reform the military.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'etat open source ↗
The Security Council reiterated its strong condemnation of the 12 April military coup and demanded the immediate and unconditional release of interim President Raimundo Pereira, Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Junior, and all officials detained, to enable completion of the presidential and legislative elections.
SOURCE REVIEWED United Nations Security Council open source ↗
On 12 April 2012 Pereira was ousted in a coup and succeeded by Mamadu Ture Kuruma, chairman of the Military Command, after Pereira and Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Junior were arrested by the military as gunfire ensued in Bissau.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Raimundo Pereira open source ↗
On 12 April the coup leaders arrested interim president Raimundo Pereira and presidential candidate Gomes Junior, who were later released and taken to Cote d'Ivoire, halting a second round that had been set for 29 April, in a country where not a single elected president had completed his legitimate term.
SOURCE REVIEWED Russian International Affairs Council open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded fate arrested, jailed, exiled is verified: Pereira and Gomes Junior were arrested, then released and flown to Ivory Coast. Coded as a military coup on 04-12, matching the sources. This ties into Guinea-Bissau's chronic instability already enriched in the dataset: the 1999 ouster of Vieira, the 2003 ouster of Kumba Iala (both involving the same military establishment), and the pattern that no elected president has finished a term. The stated military grievance was the Angolan MISSANG mission's planned security sector reform that would have shrunk the army; observers link the resistance to the officers' role in the cocaine trafficking economy.

How It Unfolded

Hand-coded by Coup Atlas from the sources on this page, using a fixed list of tactics. Only events we have read through carry this coding, so most records do not have it yet.

Led by
Military
How long it took
Under a day — resolved within 24 hours
  • Troop movements in the capital or key cities
  • Detention or expulsion of the incumbent leader
  • Seizure of broadcasters / coup declaration on state media

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
40404122012
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-404-2012-04-12

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Interim President Raimundo Pereira and PM and candidate Carlos Gomes Junior, both arrested; later released and taken to Ivory Coast.

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; arrested or jailed; exiled. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Powell and Thyne

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

Wall Street Journal

“Military Topples Guinea-Bissau Government,” April 13, 2012

Shanghai Daily

“Guinea-Bissau’s PM arrested in apparent coup,” April 14, 2012

Weekend Australian

“Guinea-Bissau coup attempt,” April 14, 2012

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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