Coup Atlas Research Database
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04106011984ConspiracyDissident coup

Haiti, 1984 — dissident coup conspiracy

Haiti (HTI)Caribbean, AmericasJune 1, 1984

Event Summary

This entry is coded 1 June 1984, at the outset of the popular uprising against President Jean-Claude Baby Doc Duvalier of Haiti. The revolt began with protests in Gonaives on 23 May 1984, dubbed Operation Dechoukaj (Uprooting), sparked when police publicly beat a pregnant vendor who lost her child and died, in a city gripped by soaring food prices and unemployment. The army deployed to Gonaives and killed at least three protesters, while crowds raided food distribution warehouses and unrest spread through towns and villages nationwide into November 1984.

A wave of arrests followed the riots, and by the end of 1984 roughly 35 intellectuals who had spoken against government corruption were rounded up and imprisoned without charge until April 1985. Separately, an army plot to remove Duvalier, led by Lieutenant General Henri Namphy and Colonel Williams Regala, was already well under way, though not connected to the popular revolt. The 1 June 1984 coding sits at the beginning of this year of anti-Duvalier unrest and conspiracy that culminated in Duvalier's flight in February 1986.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Duvalier survived the 1984 unrest but fled into exile on 7 February 1986
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Jean-Claude Baby Doc Duvalier (target)
Lieutenant General Henri Namphy and Colonel Williams Regala (army plotters)
opposition leaders Sylvio Claude and Gregoire Eugene

Sources

On 23 May 1984 citizens in Gonaives began protests against Duvalier's government, called Operation Dechoukaj, after police publicly beat a pregnant woman who soon died.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Anti-Duvalier protest movement open source ↗
The army deployed to Gonaives and killed at least three protesters, and unrest and food-warehouse raids spread as the protests continued in towns and villages nationwide through November 1984.
SOURCE REVIEWED Global Nonviolent Action Database: Haitians overthrow regime 1984-1986 open source ↗
At the end of 1984 approximately 35 intellectuals who spoke against the corruption of the government were rounded up and imprisoned, held without charge, and finally released in April 1985.
SOURCE REVIEWED Human Rights Watch: Haiti's Rendezvous with History open source ↗
A plot to remove Jean-Claude Duvalier, led by Lieutenant General Henri Namphy and Colonel Williams Regala, had been well under way long before the demonstrations began and was not connected to the popular revolt.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity: Haiti - Baby Doc Duvalier open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete plot is precisely dated 1 Jun 1984 in the sources located this session; the coding sits at the outset of the 1984 anti-Duvalier uprising (Gonaives protests from 23 May) and the concurrent Namphy/Regala army conspiracy. Context with strong framing. First Haiti record in the run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
04106011984

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Duvalier survived the 1984 unrest but fled into exile on 7 February 1986.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

New York Times

“AROUND THE WORLD; 13 Seized in Louisiana As Plotters of Haiti Coup,” June 1, 1984

Afro-American

“13 charged in plot to oust Duvalier,” June 9, 1984

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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