Coup Atlas Research Database
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04104021989AttemptedMilitary coup

Haiti, 1989 — military coup attempt

Haiti (HTI)Caribbean, AmericasApril 2, 1989

Event Summary

The dataset records an attempted military coup in Haiti on 2 April 1989 against the military government of Lieutenant General Prosper Avril, during the chronic instability that gripped Haiti after the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986. Avril had himself seized power in a September 1988 coup, and his rule was precarious, threatened by rival factions within the army, especially units linked to the brutal Duvalierist old guard and to the notorious Leopards and Dessalines battalions. In early April 1989 elements of the military, reportedly including the commanders of these units, mutinied against Avril in a bid to overthrow him, plunging Port au Prince into several days of confused armed confrontation among rival army factions.

Avril survived the challenge, outmaneuvering and dismissing the rebellious officers and consolidating control, though his position remained fragile. He clung to power amid continuing unrest until March 1990, when mounting protests and pressure forced him to resign and flee into exile, opening the way to the elections that brought Jean Bertrand Aristide to the presidency at the end of 1990.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Lieutenant General Prosper Avril survived the early April 1989 military revolt and held power until 1990
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Prosper Avril (military ruler of Haiti, target)
dissident army units (plotters)

Sources

Prosper Avril seized power in Haiti in a September 1988 coup and led a precarious military government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Prosper Avril open source ↗
Avril's rule was threatened by rival factions within the army, including units linked to the Duvalierist old guard.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Prosper Avril open source ↗
In April 1989 elements of the military mutinied against Avril, and he survived by dismissing the rebellious officers.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Prosper Avril open source ↗
Avril was forced to resign and flee into exile in March 1990 amid mounting protests.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Prosper Avril open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 2 April 1989 corresponds to the early April 1989 military revolt against Avril; the day level detail and unit identities are lightly documented in accessible English sources this session, so specifics are flagged, while Avril's precarious rule, the revolt, and his survival are verified. First Haiti record in the dataset run; a paired 5 April 1989 Haiti record follows immediately in this batch.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
04104021989
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-41-1989-04-02

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Lieutenant General Prosper Avril survived the early April 1989 military revolt and held power until 1990.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

New York Times

“HOLD OUT IN HAITI: Day After Attempted Coup, Some Gunfire Is Reported and Airport Is Blocked,” April 4, 1989

Washington Post

“WORLD NEWS: Avril Faces 2 nd Revolt In Haiti, General Declares Emergency, Curfew,” April 6, 1989 “Coup Leaders Deported From Haiti: Avril Government Said Once Again Firmly in Control-of Nation,” April 5, 1989

The Windsor Star

“Haiti contains second revolt: [FINAL Edition],” April 6, 1989

The Christian Science Monitor

“Haiti’s Avril Clings to Power, Hopes for Essential US Aid: HAITI,” April 6, 1989

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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