Coup Atlas Research Database
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79002012005SuccessfulAuto-coup

Nepal, 2005 — auto-coup

Nepal (NPL)South Asia, AsiaFebruary 1, 2005

Event Summary

On 1 February 2005 King Gyanendra of Nepal dismissed the government of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, assumed direct executive power, and declared a state of emergency, the fullest royal seizure of power in the crisis that had begun with his October 2002 dismissal of the same prime minister. Citing the failure of successive governments to hold elections or defeat the Maoist insurgency, the king announced he would rule directly for up to three years. In a dramatic assertion of control he shut the airport, cut fixed and mobile phone lines and internet service, placed the media under military oversight, and had soldiers surround the homes of Deuba and other political leaders, who were detained.

Gyanendra denied his takeover was a coup, but it was widely condemned by India, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and it deepened the country's crisis. Over the following year security forces arbitrarily arrested thousands of political activists, journalists, and students. Facing a broad opposition alliance and mass protests, the king was forced to restore parliament in April 2006, and in 2008 the monarchy was abolished.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, dismissed and detained under house arrest; later jailed
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
King Gyanendra (monarch who seized direct power)
Sher Bahadur Deuba (dismissed prime minister, detained)

Sources

A coup began on 1 February 2005 when democratically elected members of the ruling Nepali Congress were deposed by King Gyanendra, who dismissed Prime Minister Deuba's government, suspended the constitution, and assumed direct rule, a step condemned by India, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States; parliament was reinstated in 2006.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 2005 Nepal coup d'etat open source ↗
On 1 February 2005 the king declared a state of emergency and announced his assumption of full executive authority, shutting the airport, closing all fixed and mobile telephone lines and internet services, ordering military oversight of all media, and detaining the country's most senior political leaders, including dismissed Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba.
SOURCE REVIEWED Human Rights Watch open source ↗
Gyanendra denied his takeover was a coup, although soldiers surrounded the houses of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and other government leaders; Deuba, not allowed to leave his home, said he would oppose the step, while armored military vehicles patrolled Kathmandu and phone lines were cut.
SOURCE REVIEWED CBS News (Associated Press) open source ↗
On 1 February 2005 King Gyanendra dismissed Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba's government for failing to arrange parliamentary elections and restore peace, then suspended the constitution and assumed direct rule, claiming it was a temporary measure to suppress the Maoist insurgency, before restoring parliament in April 2006 under widespread opposition.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Gyanendra of Nepal open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded as an auto-coup, correctly reflecting a self-coup by the sitting monarch. Coded fate house arrest and jailed is verified: Deuba and other leaders were detained. This is the second and fuller of the two Nepal royal auto-coups, tied to the 2002-10-04 record. Gyanendra himself denied it was a coup. The takeover set off the process that ended in the 2006 restoration of parliament and the 2008 abolition of the 240-year-old monarchy, when Gyanendra was deposed.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
79002012005

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, dismissed and detained under house arrest; later jailed.

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; placed under house arrest; arrested or jailed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

New York Times

“World Briefing Asia: Nepal: Soldiers Search For Children,” May 17, 2005

Irish Times

“Nepal’s king names new cabinet following coup,” February 3, 2005

Globe and Mail

“Nepalese ’palace coup’ draws fire,” February 2, 2005

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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