Coup Atlas Research Database
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09505091951SuccessfulPalace coup

Panama, 1951 — palace coup

Panama (PAN)Central America, AmericasMay 9, 1951

Event Summary

On May 10, 1951, Panama's twice-elected populist president Arnulfo Arias Madrid was overthrown by the militarized National Police under Colonel Jose Antonio Remon, the same power broker who had installed Arias only eighteen months earlier. The crisis began on May 7, when Arias abolished the 1946 constitution, restored the more authoritarian 1941 charter, dissolved the National Assembly, and suspended the Supreme Court to expand his powers. The Assembly responded by impeaching him, crowds surrounded the presidential palace, and after a gun battle in which two police officers were killed, Arias surrendered on May 10 and was arrested.

The Assembly installed Vice President Alcibiades Arosemena in his place. The episode confirmed the National Police as the decisive force in Panamanian politics and set the stage for Remon's own presidency in 1952.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Arnulfo Arias Madrid, President of Panama (overthrown, arrested)
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Arnulfo Arias Madrid (deposed president)
Jose Antonio Remon (National Police commander who led the ouster)
Alcibiades Arosemena (vice president installed as president)

Sources

On 7 May 1951 President Arias dissolved the National Assembly and suspended the 1946 constitution, restoring the authoritarian 1941 constitution; the Assembly voted to impeach him, and on 10 May Arias surrendered and was arrested, replaced by Vice President Alcibiades Arosemena.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "1951 Panamanian coup d'etat" open source ↗
The 1951 coup was the overthrow of Arnulfo Arias's second administration by dissident armed forces led by Jose Antonio Remon, commander of the militarized National Police; after a few days of turmoil Arias was arrested and replaced by his vice president.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "1951 Panamanian coup d'etat" open source ↗
Arnulfo Arias was three times president of Panama and was deposed three times; his 1949-1951 term ended when he was overthrown in 1951 by Colonel Jose Remon Cantera, Panama City's police chief.
SOURCE REVIEWED Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Arnulfo Arias" open source ↗
On 10 May 1951, when police attempted to inform Arias of his removal by the National Assembly, shots killed two officers in the presidential palace and an intense gun battle erupted before Arias surrendered.
INDIRECT CITATION Michael Conniff, "Panama for the Panamanians: The Populism of Arnulfo Arias Madrid" (academic chapter) open source ↗

Editorial Note

The Cline dataset codes 9 May 1951; sources center the surrender/arrest on 10 May after the 7 May self-coup and impeachment, so the dataset date falls within the multi-day crisis. Two Wikipedia articles, Britannica, and an academic chapter were read directly and agree that Remon's National Police was the decisive actor. This links to the November 1949 Panama record, since Remon had installed Arias then and removed him now.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09505091951

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Arnulfo Arias Madrid, President of Panama (overthrown, arrested).

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; arrested or jailed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Powell and Thyne

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Times

“Panama Seizes Former Envoy,” July 29, 1951

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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