Coup Atlas Research Database
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73207031961SuccessfulMilitary coup

Republic of Korea, 1961 — military coup

Republic of Korea (KOR)East Asia, AsiaJuly 3, 1961

Event Summary

On July 3, 1961, seven weeks after the May 16 coup, Major General Park Chung Hee moved against the junta's own nominal leader. Lieutenant General Chang Do-yong, who as chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction had simultaneously held the posts of prime minister, defense minister, and army chief of staff, was ousted and arrested along with dozens of officers on charges of conspiring to stage a countercoup. Chang had led a moderate faction favoring a swift return to civilian rule and had promised the US a transfer to civilian control, positions that put him at odds with Park's group.

A CIA weekly intelligence summary days later called the ouster a major move by Park to establish undisputed control, noting the follow on arrest of other Supreme Council members of doubtful loyalty. Park assumed the chairmanship, becoming the unchallenged head of the junta. Chang was sentenced to death in January 1962 for allegedly obstructing the coup, had the sentence commuted, and was pardoned in May 1962, after which he left for the United States and an academic career.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Lieutenant General Chang Do-yong, chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction and concurrent prime minister, arrested and later sentenced to death, commuted, pardoned in May 1962, and allowed to emigrate to the United States. He was not physically harmed.
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Park Chung Hee (major general, assumed the chairmanship)
Chang Do-yong (ousted junta chairman and prime minister)
Kim Jong-pil (KCIA director whose agency policed junta loyalty)

Sources

On 3 July 1961 Chang Do-yong, the military police posted around him, and 44 other officers were arrested on charges of conspiring to execute a countercoup; he was sentenced to death in January 1962 for conspiring to obstruct Park's coup, the sentence was commuted to life, and in May 1962 Park pardoned him and allowed him to leave for the United States.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Chang Do-yong open source ↗
A CIA Current Intelligence Weekly Summary of July 6, 1961 assessed that the ouster of Lt. Gen. Chang To-yong from the junta on 3 July was a major move by Maj. Gen. Pak Chong-hui to establish his undisputed control of the military regime, and that Chang's removal was quickly followed by the arrest of three other Supreme Council members whose loyalty to Park was doubtful.
SOURCE REVIEWED The Asan Forum, The Case of South Korea (quoting the CIA Current Intelligence Weekly Summary, July 6, 1961) open source ↗
At his peak Chang Do-yong held four positions at once: chairman of the Supreme Council, prime minister, defense minister, and army chief of staff; he led a small faction of moderates in conflict with more militarist officers including Park, and had promised the United States a transfer to civilian control.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Chang Do-yong open source ↗
Power struggles within the Supreme Council allowed Park to engineer the gradual transfer of power from Chang to himself, and in July Park officially replaced Chang as chairman, effectively becoming the de facto ruler of South Korea.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Third Republic of Korea open source ↗

Editorial Note

This is an intra junta purge coded as its own coup event: the deposed executive is the junta chairman installed by the May 16 coup (id 73205161961), not a civilian leader. Sources agree on the July 3 date. Chain label note: the CIA weekly summary is quoted within the Asan Forum article rather than read from the original archive.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
73207031961

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Lieutenant General Chang Do-yong, chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction and concurrent prime minister, arrested and later sentenced to death, commuted, pardoned in May 1962, and allowed to emigrate to the United States. He was not physically harmed..

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

New York Times

“Gen.Chang Quits Top Korea Posts; Pak Heads Junta,” July 4, 1961
“Korea Death Plot Laid to Ex-Chief,” July 7, 1961

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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