Coup Atlas Research Database
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45102121998SuccessfulForeign-backed coup

Sierra Leone, 1998 — foreign-backed coup

Sierra Leone (SLE)West Africa, AfricaFebruary 12, 1998

Event Summary

In February 1998 the Nigerian led ECOMOG force of ECOWAS drove the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council junta of Major Johnny Paul Koroma out of Freetown, reversing the May 1997 coup that had ousted elected President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. The AFRC, allied with the Revolutionary United Front, had signed the Conakry agreement in October 1997 promising to return power to Kabbah by 22 April 1998, but implementation collapsed and fighting intensified. Following attacks on its bases outside Freetown, ECOMOG launched an offensive on the capital in early February 1998, supported by Nigerian air and naval power.

By mid-February virtually all of Freetown was under ECOMOG control and the junta leadership had fled the country. The deposed party in this record is therefore the Koroma junta, not Kabbah, who was the restored civilian leader and returned to Freetown on 10 March 1998 to resume the presidency. The intervention was accompanied by heavy urban fighting and civilian casualties, and AFRC and RUF forces regrouped in the provinces and continued the war, including the January 1999 assault on Freetown.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: The AFRC junta of Major Johnny Paul Koroma, driven from power; junta leaders fled the country and President Kabbah was restored
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Johnny Paul Koroma (AFRC chairman, deposed junta leader)
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (elected president, restored)
Maxwell Khobe (Nigerian colonel commanding the ECOMOG advance)
Sani Abacha (Nigerian ruler whose forces dominated ECOMOG)

Sources

A US State Department press statement of 13 February 1998 announced that ECOMOG troops had wrested most of Freetown from the AFRC and RUF military junta and that the leadership of the junta had fled the country, expressing hope that President Kabbah's democratically elected government would quickly return.
SOURCE REVIEWED US State Department press statement, 13 February 1998 open source ↗
Amnesty International recorded that after the junta failed to implement the October 1997 Conakry agreement to restore Kabbah by 22 April 1998, ECOMOG launched an offensive on Freetown in early February 1998 following attacks on its bases, with many civilian casualties in the ensuing week of chaos and violence.
SOURCE REVIEWED Amnesty International, Sierra Leone 1998 report open source ↗
Africa Confidential reported that by 15 February virtually all Freetown had been taken in a pincer movement by the wholly Nigerian force commanded by Colonel Maxwell Khobe, which advanced through the East End and over the hills via Fourah Bay College.
SOURCE REVIEWED Africa Confidential open source ↗
The AFRC and RUF junta was evicted by Nigerian led West African troops who reinstated Kabbah in March 1998; junta forces regrouped and invaded Freetown again in January 1999 before being driven out.
SOURCE REVIEWED The New Humanitarian (IRIN) open source ↗

Editorial Note

The coded deposed executive here is the Koroma AFRC junta, whose leaders fled the country, matching the coded fate not physically harmed. Kabbah is the restored leader, returning 10 March 1998. Foreign backed coup coding reflects the Nigerian led ECOMOG intervention that removed the sitting junta. Ties to the Sierra Leone 1997-05-25 record (Koroma ousts Kabbah) and the wider Sierra Leone thread.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
45102121998

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: The AFRC junta of Major Johnny Paul Koroma, driven from power; junta leaders fled the country and President Kabbah was restored.

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

New York Times

“Nigerians Take Capital of Sierra Leon as Junta Flees,” February 14, 1998
“Rebels in Sierra Leone Said to Hold Missionaries,” February 25, 1998

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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