Coup Atlas Research Database
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65208141949SuccessfulMilitary coup

Syria, 1949 — military coup

Syria (SYR)Western Asia, AsiaAugust 14, 1949

Event Summary

On August 14, 1949, Colonel Sami al-Hinnawi led a military coup that overthrew Syria's first military ruler, Husni al-Za'im, only about 137 days after Za'im had himself seized power in March. Unlike the bloodless March coup, this one ended with the execution by firing squad of both Za'im and his prime minister Muhsin al-Barazi the same day. Za'im had alienated fellow officers and the traditional elite through erratic and autocratic behavior, his extradition of Syrian Social Nationalist Party founder Antun Saadeh to Lebanon, and his move against Druze autonomy.

Hinnawi, who had helped carry out the March coup, pledged a return to constitutional government and installed the respected civilian statesman Hashim al-Atassi to lead a new government. Hinnawi's own rule proved brief; he was ousted in December 1949 by Colonel Adib al-Shishakli.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Husni al-Za'im, President of Syria (overthrown and executed by firing squad)
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Husni al-Za'im (overthrown and executed ruler)
Muhsin al-Barazi (prime minister, executed alongside Za'im)
Sami al-Hinnawi (coup leader)
Hashim al-Atassi (civilian statesman installed to lead the new government)
Adib al-Shishakli (officer who later ousted Hinnawi in December)

Sources

The August 1949 Syrian coup, the second of the year, was led by Colonel Sami al-Hinnawi and ended Za'im's roughly 137-day regime; Hinnawi had assisted the earlier March coup that brought Za'im to power.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "August 1949 Syrian coup d'etat" open source ↗
Unlike other largely bloodless Syrian coups, Hinnawi's culminated in the execution of President Husni al-Za'im and Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi by firing squad on 14 August 1949.
SOURCE REVIEWED Al Majalla, "This day in history: The mother of all Syrian coups" open source ↗
Hinnawi, unlike his predecessor, pledged to return to constitutional governance and appointed the respected elder statesman Hashim al-Atassi to lead the new civilian government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, "August 1949 Syrian coup d'etat" open source ↗
Za'im's downfall was hastened by his extradition of SSNP founder Antun Saadeh to Lebanese authorities, where Saadeh was executed on 9 July, and by his move to curb Druze autonomy south of Damascus.
INDIRECT CITATION Wikipedia, "August 1949 Syrian coup d'etat" (motivations section) open source ↗

Editorial Note

Sources agree Hinnawi overthrew Za'im on 14 August 1949 and that Za'im and Barazi were executed the same day, making this a rare bloody Syrian coup. Wikipedia and Al Majalla were read directly. Hinnawi was in turn ousted by Shishakli in December 1949, which the Cline dataset codes as a separate record.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
65208141949

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Husni al-Za'im, President of Syria (overthrown and executed by firing squad).

Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; killed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak (18 August 1949)

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Times

“New Coup in Syria,” August 15, 1949

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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