Coup Atlas Research Database
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80002261949AttemptedMilitary coup

Thailand, 1949 — military coup attempt

Thailand (THA)Southeast Asia, AsiaFebruary 26, 1949

Event Summary

On 26 February 1949 supporters of exiled civilian statesman Pridi Banomyong, backed by navy and marine elements, seized the Grand Palace in Bangkok and proclaimed a new government in the Palace Rebellion, an attempt to overthrow Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram. Pridi had slipped back into Thailand from China in early February to lead the countercoup, rebuffing Phibun's public overture of a government post, and the rebels named his associate Direk Jayanama as prime minister over the national radio. The army under loyalists including Sarit Thanarat counterattacked, and after roughly three days of urban fighting the rebellion was crushed, sending Pridi into permanent exile.

The failed rising was one of a chain of revolts against Phibun's second premiership, following the 1948 Army General Staff plot and preceding the navy's 1951 Manhattan Rebellion.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram survived the rebellion unharmed and remained in power until 1957
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Plaek Phibunsongkhram (prime minister of Thailand, target)
Pridi Banomyong (exiled statesman leading the countercoup)
Direk Jayanama (proclaimed interim prime minister by the rebels)
Sarit Thanarat (army loyalist directing the counterattack)

Sources

On 26 February 1949 the Palace Rebellion, a failed coup attempt against Phibun, sought to restore Pridi by occupying the Grand Palace in Bangkok and declaring a new government led by Direk Jayanama, a close associate of Pridi.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Plaek Phibunsongkhram open source ↗
Pridi secretly returned to Thailand in the first week of February 1949 to lay plans for a countercoup, and rebuffed Phibun's radio overture offering him a position in the government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Palace Rebellion open source ↗
The February 1949 revolt, allegedly sponsored by Pridi supporters in the marines and navy who had escaped the October 1948 arrests, was suppressed after three days of fighting.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity, Thailand, November 1947 Coup open source ↗
Pridi attempted the coup on February 26, 1949, opposing the draft of a new constitution and seeking to regain power with navy support, and the Pridi faction occupied the royal palace but was soon overwhelmed by the army.
SOURCE REVIEWED Springer, Thailand: The Failure of Civilian Rule and the Resurgence of Oligarchic Rule open source ↗

Editorial Note

Well documented event with an exact date match. Part of the Thai coup chain in the dataset running from the 1947 and 1948 coups through the 1951 Manhattan Rebellion and Silent Coup to Sarit's 1957 takeover.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
80002261949

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram survived the rebellion unharmed and remained in power until 1957.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

The New York Times

“Plotters Revolt in Siam; Announce Premier’s Fall,” February 28, 1949 “SIAM IS NEAR NORMAL AFTER WEEK-END FIGHT,” March 1, 1949 “Shooting Is Over in Bangkok,” March 2, 1949
“BANGKOK MAYOR JAILED: 45 Persons Held After Outbreak in Which 50 Were Killed,” March 3, 1949 “Four Ex-Leaders of Siam Slain While Under Arrest,” March 5, 1949

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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