Coup Atlas Research Database
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64002222010ConspiracyMilitary coup

Turkey, 2010 — military coup conspiracy

Turkey (TUR)Western Asia, AsiaFebruary 22, 2010

Event Summary

This entry is coded 22 February 2010, corresponding to the mass arrests in the Sledgehammer (Balyoz) case in Turkey. Beginning on 21 and 22 February 2010, prosecutors carried out a nationwide sweep and detained around 49 current and retired military officers, including admirals, generals, and colonels, over an alleged coup plot codenamed Sledgehammer. The plan was said to have been devised at a 2003 military seminar by secularist officers seeking to overthrow the government of the Justice and Development Party led by Recep Tayyip Erdogan, through staged provocations such as bombing mosques and provoking Greece into shooting down a Turkish jet, so as to justify a military intervention.

The alleged plot had surfaced in January 2010 when digital documents were given to the Taraf newspaper. Hundreds were eventually charged, and in September 2012 more than three hundred were convicted, but the case later collapsed when forensic analysis showed the key evidence had been fabricated, with documents written in software unavailable in 2003 and references to entities that did not exist then; the Constitutional Court ordered a retrial in 2014 that led to acquittals. The 22 February 2010 coding matches the start of the mass arrests.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Erdogan's government prosecuted the alleged plotters, though the evidence was later found fabricated
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the AKP government (target)
retired First Army commander General Cetin Dogan
hundreds of serving and retired officers

Sources

On 21 February 2010 operations were carried out in nine provinces and 49 people were detained, including admirals, generals, and colonels, some retired; on 23 February seven were arrested, and another five suspects were arrested on 24 February.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan) open source ↗
The suspects were linked to Sledgehammer, a plan allegedly discussed by military commanders at a 2003 seminar that, according to Turkey's Taraf newspaper, called for bombs to be placed in mosques to destabilize the elected Islamist-inspired government.
SOURCE REVIEWED CNN: Turkish officers charged over alleged coup plot open source ↗
On 21 September 2012 a Turkish court sentenced around 325 members of the army, including dozens of generals and admirals, to between 13 and 20 years in prison for taking part in the Balyoz conspiracy to topple the AKP government.
SOURCE REVIEWED OSW Centre for Eastern Studies: Turkey, the sentence in the Balyoz case open source ↗
The Constitutional Court found in 2014 that the defendants' fair-trial rights had been infringed, and in 2021 the Court of Cassation reversed the verdict because key evidence was fabricated, including documents containing anachronistic fonts and references to a navy ship and companies that did not exist in 2003.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan) open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded 22 Feb 2010 matches the start of the nationwide Balyoz arrests (21-24 Feb 2010). Verified as a discrete event, though the evidence was later ruled fabricated and the defendants ultimately acquitted. First Turkey record in the run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
64002222010

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Erdogan's government prosecuted the alleged plotters, though the evidence was later found fabricated.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

The Times

“Military Chiefs Among 50 seized over plot to overthrow government: Erdogan Orders Raids On Military schools in wake of ‘Sledgehammer’ revelation Turkey [Edition 2],” February 23, 2010

The Christian Science Monitor

“Turkey coup plot: 12 officers charged as government takes on military,” February 24, 2010

Asia News Monitor

“Turkey: Turkey arrests more military commanders for coup plot,” February 25, 2010

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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