Coup Atlas Research Database
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10109161946AttemptedMilitary coup

Venezuela, 1946 — military coup attempt

Venezuela (VEN)South America, AmericasSeptember 16, 1946

Event Summary

On 16 September 1946 military conspirators attempted a coup against Venezuela's Revolutionary Government Junta headed by Romulo Betancourt, part of a wave of counterrevolutionary plotting during the trienio that followed the October 1945 overthrow of President Isaias Medina Angarita. The junta, formed with Betancourt as provisional president and Major Carlos Delgado Chalbaud as defense minister, was pushing sweeping electoral and constitutional changes and a 50 50 oil profit split that enraged displaced conservative and medinista officers. The September plot failed and the junta remained in power; six weeks later Accion Democratica won the October 1946 Constituent Assembly election with an overwhelming majority.

Among the officers later identified as conspiring against the Betancourt regime in 1946 was Jesus Maria Castro Leon, who resurfaced in later Venezuelan coup politics. The democratic experiment survived until the November 1948 coup ended the trienio.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Junta president Romulo Betancourt survived the attempt unharmed and the junta remained in power
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Romulo Betancourt (junta president, target)
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (defense minister)
Jesus Maria Castro Leon (officer who conspired against the Betancourt regime in 1946)

Sources

A U.S. intelligence profile records that officer Jesus Maria Castro Leon conspired against the Betancourt AD regime in 1946, documenting military plotting against the junta that year.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. State Department, FRUS 1958 to 1960 vol. V supplement open source ↗
After the October 1945 coup against Medina Angarita a junta formed headed by Betancourt as provisional president with Carlos Delgado Chalbaud as minister of defense, and it decreed a 50 50 profit sharing arrangement with the oil companies.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, El Trienio Adeco open source ↗
Accion Democratica won the October 1946 Constituent Assembly election overwhelmingly, drawing about 79 percent of the vote.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity, Venezuela History, The Transition to Democratic Rule open source ↗
The trienio governments of Betancourt and Gallegos were ultimately removed in the 24 November 1948 coup led by Delgado Chalbaud, Perez Jimenez, and Llovera Paez.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1948 Venezuelan coup d'etat open source ↗

Editorial Note

Individual 1946 attempts against the junta are poorly separated in accessible English sources; the FRUS Castro Leon note verifies 1946 conspiracy against Betancourt while the other facts fix the junta context. Date given by the dataset is 16 September 1946. Links to the Venezuela 1945 and 1948 records and the later Venezuela arc including the 2002 gold standard page.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
10109161946

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Junta president Romulo Betancourt survived the attempt unharmed and the junta remained in power.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

New York Times

“4 VENEZUELANS SLAIN IN BRIEF ARMY REVOLT,” September 18, 1946

South China Morning Post & the Hongkong Telegraph

“REVOLT IN VENEZUELA: Four Insurrection Ists Killed In Brief Outbreak,” September 19, 1946

Daily Boston Globe

“Venezuela Revolt Nipped,” September 18, 1946

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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