Coup Atlas Research Database
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70009201973AttemptedMilitary coup

Afghanistan, 1973 — military coup attempt

Afghanistan (AFG)South Asia, AsiaSeptember 20, 1973

Event Summary

The dataset records an event coded as an attempted military coup in Afghanistan on 20 September 1973, corresponding to the alleged coup plot for which the former prime minister Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal was arrested, barely two months after Mohammad Daoud Khan had overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic of Afghanistan in July 1973. Maiwandwal, a respected former premier and diplomat, was accused of conspiring against the new republican regime, though it remains unclear whether any plot genuinely targeted Daoud or whether leftist Parcham officers who controlled the Interior Ministry framed him. Arrested in the autumn of 1973 with a number of other nationalists and army officers, Maiwandwal died in prison in early October before his scheduled trial.

The official account called it suicide, but the widespread and evidence backed belief is that he was tortured to death. Daoud survived and consolidated his autocratic one-party rule, only to be overthrown and killed himself in the communist Saur Revolution of April 1978.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Mohammad Daoud Khan crushed the alleged Maiwandwal plot and consolidated his republic
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Mohammad Daoud Khan (president of Afghanistan, target)
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal (former prime minister, accused plotter, died in prison)
Parcham faction officers (controlled the Interior Ministry)

Sources

In 1973 Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, a former prime minister, was accused of plotting a coup, though it is unclear if the plan was actually targeting the new republican government or the abolished monarchy, and he was arrested and allegedly committed suicide in jail before his trial.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Republic of Afghanistan (1973 to 1978) open source ↗
Several coup attempts against Daoud's government occurred, such as those in September 1973, August 1974, and December 1976.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Saur Revolution open source ↗
Maiwandwal died in prison in October 1973 before his trial at a time when Parchamis controlled the Ministry of Interior, under circumstances corroborating the widespread belief that he had been tortured to death.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity, 1970s Coups Afghanistan open source ↗
Mohammad Daoud Khan had taken power in the 1973 Afghan coup by overthrowing the monarchy of King Mohammad Zahir Shah and established an autocratic one-party system, ruling until his assassination in the 1978 Saur Revolution.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Mohammad Daoud Khan open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 20 September 1973 corresponds to the Maiwandwal coup plot arrests; the exact day is lightly documented in accessible English sources this session, so it is flagged, while the alleged plot, Maiwandwal's arrest and death, and the dispute over whether a genuine coup was planned are verified. First Afghanistan record in the dataset run; Daoud's own 1973 coup and 1978 overthrow are separate events.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
70009201973

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Mohammad Daoud Khan crushed the alleged Maiwandwal plot and consolidated his republic.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hashim_Mai Wand Wal

Washington Post

“Arrest in Tunisia,” September 22, 1973

Times of India

“Plot uncovered in Kabul,” September 22, 1973

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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