Coup Atlas Research Database
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09003291953AttemptedMilitary coup

Guatemala, 1953 — military coup attempt

Guatemala (GTM)Central America, AmericasMarch 29, 1953

Event Summary

At dawn on 29 March 1953 roughly 100 anticommunist rebels assaulted the town of Salama, capital of Baja Verapaz, and neighboring San Jeronimo in a poorly organized attempt to spark an uprising against the reformist government of President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala. The raid was crushed by around six in the morning by army forces that arrived from Coban, and the government captured weapons and prisoners. Coming just as Arbenz was pressing the Decree 900 agrarian reform that had begun expropriating idle United Fruit Company land, the Salama incident triggered a wave of government prosecution of anticommunist elements.

Arbenz publicly charged that the United States was complicit in the affair, a claim dismissed in the American press; scholars have since identified the raid as an early CIA linked operation, and its planner Juan Cordova Cerna later fled to join Castillo Armas before the 1954 overthrow.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Jacobo Arbenz survived the Salama assault unharmed; he was overthrown only in the 1954 coup
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Jacobo Arbenz (president of Guatemala, target)
Anticommunist rebels, roughly 100 (attackers)
Juan Cordova Cerna (planner of the Salama coup)
Carlos Castillo Armas (exile leader the plotters later joined)

Sources

On 29 March 1953 the anticommunist opposition assaulted Salama at dawn as approximately 100 rebels invaded Salama and neighboring San Jeronimo, but the invasion was poorly organized and was completely defeated by 6:00 a.m. by army forces from Coban.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Salama open source ↗
The Salama incident began government prosecution of anticommunist elements that gradually escalated into repression by May 1954, as the CIA's Operation PBSuccess and the Castillo Armas invasion advanced.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Salama open source ↗
By 1953 Arbenz suppressed anti-communist opposition following the failed Salama uprising, which is believed to have been a CIA operation.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, CIA activities in Guatemala open source ↗
Coffee planter Juan Cordova Cerna, embittered by the death of his son in a 1950 anti-government uprising, planned the unsuccessful Salama coup in 1953 before fleeing to join Castillo Armas in exile, and when Arbenz later charged U.S. complicity in the incident it was dismissed by virtually the entire U.S. press.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat open source ↗

Editorial Note

Exact date match, well documented. Links the dataset's Guatemala arc from the 1949 Arana revolt and the 1950 Castillo Armas assault, both enriched in this batch, to the successful CIA-backed 1954 coup.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09003291953

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Jacobo Arbenz survived the Salama assault unharmed; he was overthrown only in the 1954 coup.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

South China Morning Post

“Attempted Revolt In Guatemala: Guatemala City, Mar. 30,” March 31, 1953

New York Times

“GUATEMALA REBELS SEIZE CITY BRIEFLY: Hold Salama for 18 Hours, but Are Routed by Government With Troops and Planes,” March, 30 1953

Chicago Daily Tribune

“GUATEMALA’S ARMY CHIEF SAYS ’FOREIGN’ AID FAILED IN REVOLT,” March 31, 1953

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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