Coup Atlas Research Database
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09001201955AttemptedMilitary coup

Guatemala, 1955 — military coup attempt

Guatemala (GTM)Central America, AmericasJanuary 20, 1955

Event Summary

The dataset records an attempted military coup in Guatemala on 20 January 1955, in the first months of the government of Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, who had taken power in July 1954 through the CIA's Operation PBSuccess that ousted the reformist President Jacobo Arbenz. Castillo Armas headed a counterrevolutionary junta that rolled back the Guatemalan Revolution's reforms, cancelled the agrarian program, restored expropriated United Fruit Company land, purged and imprisoned suspected communists, and disenfranchised illiterate voters, while consolidating personal rule confirmed by a rigged October 1954 plebiscite. His narrow, faction ridden regime faced military conspiracies from the outset.

Any coup attempt in January 1955 came within that instability and did not topple him; Castillo Armas ruled until he was assassinated by a member of his own palace guard on 26 July 1957.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Carlos Castillo Armas survived the attempt and ruled until his assassination on 26 July 1957
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Carlos Castillo Armas (president of Guatemala, target)
Dissident officers (recurrent plotters against the junta)

Sources

Castillo Armas returned in 1954 to depose Arbenz through the CIA's Operation PBSuccess and headed the ensuing counterrevolutionary government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat open source ↗
After taking power Castillo Armas reversed the Guatemalan Revolution's reforms, including cancelling the Decree 900 agrarian reform and returning expropriated land, and consolidated authoritarian rule.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Carlos Castillo Armas open source ↗
Castillo Armas had launched a failed assault on Guatemala City in 1950 and encountered the CIA in 1950 while seeking arms from Somoza and Trujillo, before returning successfully in 1954.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Carlos Castillo Armas open source ↗
Castillo Armas ruled until he was assassinated in 1957, ending his short-lived post-coup government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete documentation of a 20 January 1955 Guatemalan coup attempt was found in accessible English sources this session; the entry records the dataset's coding and the verified instability of the early Castillo Armas government, with plotter identity for this specific date unconfirmed, flagged. Follows the 1954 coup and the Salama and 1950 assault records already enriched in the dataset.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
09001201955
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-90-1955-01-20

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Carlos Castillo Armas survived the attempt and ruled until his assassination on 26 July 1957.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

New York Times

“GUATEMALA STOPS COUP LAID TO REDS; STATE OF SIEGE ON: 10 Killed in Army Base Fight – Regime Jails 100 Rebels, Accuses Arbenz Ex-Aide,” January 21, 1955

Times of India

“ABORTIVE COUP IN GUATEMALA: Pro-Red Rebels Attack Military Base,” January 22, 1955

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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