Coup Atlas Research Database
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43811221970AttemptedDissident coup

Guinea, 1970 — dissident coup attempt

Guinea (GIN)West Africa, AfricaNovember 22, 1970

Event Summary

On the night of 21 to 22 November 1970 Portuguese forces launched Operation Green Sea, an amphibious assault on Conakry, the capital of Guinea, aimed among other goals at overthrowing the government of President Ahmed Sekou Toure. A force of between 350 and 420 Portuguese soldiers and Portuguese led Guinean fighters, some in uniforms resembling the Guinean army, landed at points around Conakry. Their objectives included toppling Sekou Toure, capturing or killing Amilcar Cabral, the leader of the PAIGC independence movement based in Guinea that was fighting Portugal in neighboring Portuguese Guinea, freeing Portuguese prisoners of war, and destroying PAIGC assets.

The attackers freed the POWs and hit some targets but failed to take the city or overthrow Sekou Toure, and they withdrew. The UN Security Council condemned Portugal for the invasion. Sekou Toure used the attack to launch sweeping purges, trials, and executions that consolidated his increasingly repressive one-party rule.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Ahmed Sekou Toure survived the Portuguese led invasion and used it to intensify his repressive rule
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Ahmed Sekou Toure (president of Guinea, target)
Portuguese forces and Portuguese led Guinean fighters (invaders)
Amilcar Cabral (PAIGC leader, a target of the operation)

Sources

Operation Green Sea, also known as the Battle of Conakry, was an amphibious attack on Conakry by between 350 and 420 Portuguese soldiers and Portuguese led Guinean fighters in November 1970, with goals including the overthrow of Ahmed Sekou Toure's government.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Operation Green Sea open source ↗
On the night of 21 to 22 November 1970 about 200 armed Guineans in uniforms similar to the Guinean Army and commanded by Portuguese officers, along with 220 African and European Portuguese soldiers, invaded points around Conakry.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Operation Green Sea open source ↗
On 8 December 1970 the UN Security Council passed Resolution 290 condemning Portugal for the invasion of Guinea.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Operation Green Sea open source ↗
After the invasion Sekou Toure set up a High Command that oversaw arrests, detentions without trial, and executions, with the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal ordering 29 executions and dozens of death sentences and life terms in January 1971.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Operation Green Sea open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the 21 to 22 November 1970 Operation Green Sea. Dataset codes it a dissident coup with leader unharmed, reflecting the invasion's aim of overthrowing Sekou Toure. Well documented. First Guinea record in the dataset run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
43811221970

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Ahmed Sekou Toure survived the Portuguese led invasion and used it to intensify his repressive rule.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Luttwak

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Washington Post

“Portuguese Invade by Sea, Guinea Says: Guinea Accuses Portuguese of Backing Seaborne Attack,” November 23, 1970

Boston Globe

“Invader Ships Seen Leaving: Reports Say Fight Ended in Guinea,” November 24, 1970

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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