Coup Atlas Research Database
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45003071980AttemptedDissident coup

Liberia, 1980 — dissident coup attempt

Liberia (LBR)West Africa, AfricaMarch 7, 1980

Event Summary

The dataset records an event coded as an attempted dissident coup in Liberia on 7 March 1980, in the final weeks of the True Whig Party government of President William Tolbert, whose administration, representing the long dominant Americo Liberian settler elite, was facing mounting unrest from the indigenous majority and radical opposition groups. The period following the 1979 rice riots had seen growing agitation, and the government moved against opposition figures of the Progressive Alliance of Liberians and the Movement for Justice in Africa, accusing them of plotting against the state. Any coup attempt in March 1980 came within that context of a regime under severe strain and did not save it.

Just weeks later, on 12 April 1980, a group of low ranking soldiers led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe stormed the executive mansion, assassinated President Tolbert, and seized power, ending more than a century of Americo Liberian and True Whig Party dominance and inaugurating a turbulent era that would descend into civil war.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President William Tolbert survived the March 1980 unrest but was assassinated in Samuel Doe's coup weeks later
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
William Tolbert (president of Liberia, target)
Opposition and dissident groups (accused plotters)

Sources

William Tolbert was president of Liberia and leader of the True Whig Party that represented the Americo Liberian settler elite.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, William Tolbert open source ↗
Tolbert's government faced mounting unrest after the 1979 rice riots and agitation from opposition groups such as the Progressive Alliance of Liberians and the Movement for Justice in Africa.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, William Tolbert open source ↗
On 12 April 1980 Master Sergeant Samuel Doe led a coup that stormed the executive mansion and assassinated President Tolbert.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1980 Liberian coup d'etat open source ↗
Doe's coup ended more than a century of Americo Liberian and True Whig Party dominance in Liberia.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1980 Liberian coup d'etat open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete documentation of a coup attempt precisely on 7 March 1980 in Liberia was found in accessible English sources this session; the entry records the dataset's coding and the verified context of the Tolbert government under severe strain weeks before Samuel Doe's 12 April 1980 coup, with the specific 7 March event unconfirmed, flagged as context only. First Liberia record in the dataset run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
45003071980

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President William Tolbert survived the March 1980 unrest but was assassinated in Samuel Doe's coup weeks later.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikpedia

New York Times

“World News Brief: Liberia’s Leader Describes An Attempted Coup,” March 11, 1980

Detroit Free Press

“Plot Smashed in Liberia,” March 12, 1980

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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