Coup Atlas Research Database
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45009041986ConspiracyDissident coup

Liberia, 1986 — dissident coup conspiracy

Liberia (LBR)West Africa, AfricaSeptember 4, 1986

Event Summary

This entry is coded 4 September 1986, during President Samuel Doe's consolidation of his fraudulently elected civilian presidency in Liberia and his continued suppression of opposition. After the heavily rigged October 1985 election, which foreign observers judged fraudulent and which many believed opposition candidate Jackson Doe had actually won, and the crushing of General Thomas Quiwonkpa's November 1985 coup attempt, Doe was sworn in as president in January 1986. Through 1986 he moved to eliminate organized opposition: elected opposition members who had refused to take their seats were expelled from their parties, and by the partial election of December 1986 the National Assembly was left without any opposition.

Doe frequently charged opponents with treason and had them executed after summary trials, presiding over a pattern of recurring alleged coup plots that he used to justify crackdowns, including further alleged plots in 1986, March 1988, and October 1989. The 4 September 1986 coding sits in this period of anti-Doe conspiracy and the regime's suppression of opposition.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Doe consolidated a de facto one-party state; he was overthrown and killed in 1990
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Samuel Doe (target)
the expelled elected opposition
banned-party leaders later charged with treason

Sources

The remaining opposition members were expelled from their parties in 1986, and all the vacant seats were captured by the ruling NDPL in the partial election of December 1986, leaving the National Assembly without opposition at the end of 1986.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity: Liberia - Election and Coup Attempt 1985 open source ↗
Doe was formally sworn in on 6 January 1986 after an October 1985 election that foreign observers declared fraudulent, with the runner-up Jackson Doe suggested to have actually won.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Samuel Doe open source ↗
Doe frequently charged opponents with treason and often had them executed after summary trials, part of his efforts to crush all opposition and impose a de facto one-party state.
SOURCE REVIEWED Refworld / Human Rights Watch World Report 1989: Liberia open source ↗
In March 1988 thirteen persons were arrested in connection with another alleged coup plot, and in October 1989 two arrested for yet another alleged coup attempt died in custody, part of a recurring pattern of alleged plots.
SOURCE REVIEWED Refworld / Human Rights Watch World Report 1989: Liberia open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete plot is precisely dated 4 Sep 1986 in the sources located this session; the coding sits in the 1986 period of anti-Doe opposition and the regime's suppression (post-Quiwonkpa, party expulsions, recurring alleged plots). Context with strong framing. Second of two Liberia records in this batch, distinct phase from the Aug 1984 socialist-plot entry.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
45009041986

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Doe consolidated a de facto one-party state; he was overthrown and killed in 1990.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

The Guardian

“Liberia foils coup attempt,” September 5, 1986

Boston Globe

“Rumor of coup puts Liberia on alert,” September 5, 1986

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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