Coup Atlas Research Database
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45003221988ConspiracyDissident coup

Liberia, 1988 — dissident coup conspiracy

Liberia (LBR)West Africa, AfricaMarch 22, 1988

Event Summary

This entry is coded 22 March 1988, corresponding to the March 1988 coup plot against President Samuel Doe of Liberia, which his government announced it had foiled. The government said it had uncovered a plot to assassinate Doe and overthrow the government, and accused at least 21 people of involvement, of whom about 13 to 14 were charged with treason. Among those implicated was opposition leader Gabriel Kpolleh of the banned Liberia Unification Party, whose continued imprisonment for treason became emblematic of Doe's drive to crush all opposition and impose a de facto one-party state.

Shortly after his arrest, one alleged co-conspirator, Joseph Kaipaye, died under mysterious circumstances, reportedly thrown from a balcony of the Executive Mansion. This was one of a recurring series of alleged plots that Doe used to justify crackdowns, coming after the crushed November 1985 Quiwonkpa coup and months before the July 1988 attempt in which former deputy General Nicholas Podier was killed. The 22 March 1988 coding matches this March 1988 plot.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Doe crushed the plot and jailed Kpolleh; Doe was overthrown and killed in 1990
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Samuel Doe (target)
opposition leader Gabriel Kpolleh (Liberia Unification Party)
Joseph Kaipaye (co-accused who died in custody)

Sources

In March the government said it foiled a plot to assassinate Doe and overthrow the government, accusing at least 21 people of involvement, including opposition leader Gabriel Kpolleh of the Liberia Unification Party, with 14 charged with treason.
SOURCE REVIEWED UPI Archives: Liberian president says coup foiled open source ↗
In March 1988 thirteen persons were arrested in connection with another alleged coup plot, and shortly after his arrest one alleged co-conspirator, Joseph Kaipaye, died under mysterious circumstances, reportedly by being thrown off the balcony of the Executive Mansion.
SOURCE REVIEWED Human Rights Watch World Report 1989: Liberia open source ↗
The continuing imprisonment for treason of Gabriel Kpolleh, a leader of a banned political party, exemplified Doe's efforts to crush all opposition and impose a de facto one-party state.
SOURCE REVIEWED Human Rights Watch World Report 1989: Liberia open source ↗
The March 1988 plot was followed in July 1988 by a second reported coup attempt, in which former Doe deputy General Nicholas Podier was killed leading a dozen soldiers in a bid to oust Doe.
SOURCE REVIEWED UPI Archives: Former Liberian official killed in attempted coup open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded 22 Mar 1988 matches the March 1988 Kpolleh plot (announced foiled; 21 accused, 13-14 charged with treason). Verified. Third Liberia record in the run, after the Aug 1984 socialist-plot and Sep 1986 anti-Doe context entries.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
45003221988

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Doe crushed the plot and jailed Kpolleh; Doe was overthrown and killed in 1990.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Montreal Gazette

“Mitterand will seek new term,” March 23, 1988
“Salvadoran party pulls out of vote count,” March 31, 1988

Newsday

“Liberain coup arrests,” March 23, 1988

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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