Coup Atlas Research Database
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78111031988AttemptedDissident coup

Maldives, 1988 — dissident coup attempt

Maldives (MDV)South Asia, AsiaNovember 3, 1988

Event Summary

On 3 November 1988 the most serious of the coup attempts against President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom of the Maldives unfolded when around eighty to one hundred armed mercenaries of the Tamil separatist group PLOTE, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam, together with a handful of Maldivian dissidents led by the businessman Abdullah Luthufi, landed by sea in the capital Male. The raiders quickly seized much of the city, capturing radio and television facilities and attacking the headquarters of the National Security Service, but they failed to take the president: Gayoom went into hiding in a safe house within Male and issued urgent appeals for foreign help. Only India responded in force.

Within hours of the distress call, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi launched Operation Cactus, airlifting paratroopers of the 50th Independent Parachute Brigade over three thousand kilometers to land at Male's airport, secure it, and cross to the capital to rescue Gayoom and rout the mercenaries. The attempt left around nineteen dead. Fleeing rebels who hijacked a freighter were chased down and captured by the Indian Navy, cementing a lasting India Maldives bond.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom survived the November 1988 mercenary coup after Indian paratroopers rescued him
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (president of the Maldives, target)
Abdullah Luthufi (Maldivian businessman who led the plot)
PLOTE Tamil mercenaries (attackers)
Rajiv Gandhi (Indian prime minister who ordered Operation Cactus)

Sources

The 1988 Maldives coup attempt was an attempt by Sri Lankans and Maldivians led by businessman Abdullah Luthufi and assisted by mercenaries of the Tamil secessionist group PLOTE to overthrow the government of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, thwarted with Indian assistance in Operation Cactus.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1988 Maldives coup attempt open source ↗
On 3 November 1988, 100 to 200 PLOTE mercenaries arrived by sea in Male and attempted to capture the NSS headquarters, the radio and television center, and the presidential palace, while President Gayoom went into hiding and requested foreign help.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1988 Maldives coup attempt open source ↗
Two Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft of the Indian Air Force airlifted a strike force of the 50th Independent Parachute Brigade non-stop over 3707 kilometers to land at Male International Airport, and the paratroopers secured the airfield and rescued Gayoom.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1988 Maldives coup attempt open source ↗
The attempted coup claimed 19 lives, and the Indian Navy chased down and captured the mercenaries who tried to flee aboard a hijacked freighter.
SOURCE REVIEWED Ojaank, Operation Cactus open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the 3 November 1988 Operation Cactus coup attempt. Dataset codes it a dissident coup; the dataset's leader fate of fled the country is imprecise, since Gayoom went into hiding within Male rather than abroad, noted here. Extensively documented. Continues the Maldives run, after the 1980 first plot in batch 74; this was the most serious of the three attempts on Gayoom.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
78111031988

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom survived the November 1988 mercenary coup after Indian paratroopers rescued him.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; fled the country. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Wikipedia

New York Times

“INDIAN TROOPS END COUP IN MALDIVE,” November 5, 1988

Washington Post

“Coup d’Etat Attempted In Maldives: Indian Paratroopers Arrive to Thwart Invasion Force,” by Stuart Auerbach, November 4, 1988

Chicago Tribune

“Maldives coup plot mercenaries kill 2 hostages,” November 6, 1988

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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