Philippines, 2001 — forced resignation
Event Summary
On 20 January 2001 President Joseph Estrada of the Philippines was driven from office in the four day uprising known as EDSA II. Estrada, a former film star elected in 1998, faced an impeachment trial in the Senate over corruption and plunder allegations, and when senators voted on 16 January to block examination of evidence against him, hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered at the EDSA Shrine in Manila. Over the following days the protests swelled and, on 19 January, the leadership of the armed forces and national police withdrew their support.
On 20 January the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in at noon by the Chief Justice. Estrada left Malacanang Palace with his family the same day without signing a formal resignation, and he disputed the legality of Arroyo's succession, though the Supreme Court upheld it in March 2001 on the basis of an implied resignation. On 25 April 2001 Estrada was arrested and charged with plunder; he was convicted in 2007, sentenced to life imprisonment, and then pardoned by Arroyo.
Researched Details
Researched
Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.
Sources
Editorial Note
Cross-Reference
Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.
Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:
- Cline Center id
84001202001
How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.
Outcome and Target
Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Joseph Estrada, forced from office and later arrested, tried, and convicted of plunder.
Baseline coding: Incumbent executive removed from power. Recorded leader fate: deposed; arrested or jailed; tried. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.
Baseline Dataset Citation
Baseline Source-Document Entries
Wikipedia
Christian Science Monitor
The Australian
This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →