Coup Atlas Research Database
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23011171978ConspiracyMilitary coup

Spain, 1978 — military coup conspiracy

Spain (ESP)Southern Europe, EuropeNovember 17, 1978

Event Summary

This entry is coded 17 November 1978, corresponding to Operacion Galaxia, a plot by far-right officers to halt Spain's transition to democracy. The operation was planned for 17 November 1978, a date chosen because King Juan Carlos would be away in South America, and its aim was to occupy the La Moncloa palace and seize the government of Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez, imposing military rule. It took its name from the Cafeteria Galaxia in Madrid, where the conspirators met on 11 November 1978.

The three men in charge were Guardia Civil Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero, Police Captain Ricardo Saenz de Ynestrillas, and an army colonel whose name was never made public. An infantry captain and an army commander present at the discussions informed their superiors, and the plot was betrayed and foiled before it could be carried out. Tejero and Saenz de Ynestrillas were court-martialed in 1980 and given only minimal sentences; Tejero went on to lead the far more serious 23-F coup attempt of February 1981.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: The Suarez government and the democratic transition survived; the plot was foiled and the leaders received light sentences
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero (Guardia Civil, plot leader)
Captain Ricardo Saenz de Ynestrillas (police officer, co-leader)
Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez (target)

Sources

Operation Galaxia was meant to take place on 17 November 1978 to stop the Spanish transition to democracy, a date chosen because King Juan Carlos would be away in South America.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Operation Galaxia open source ↗
It was named Galaxia because the officers who took part met in the Cafeteria Galaxia in Madrid on 11 November 1978.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Operation Galaxia open source ↗
The three people in charge were Guardia Civil Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero, Major Ricardo Saenz de Ynestrillas, and another colonel whose name was not revealed; a police captain and an army commander present at the conversation informed their superiors of the plot.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Operation Galaxia open source ↗
The plotters discussed taking control of the Palacio de la Moncloa and seizing Adolfo Suarez's government while King Juan Carlos was abroad.
SOURCE REVIEWED Lugares con Historia: Cafeteria Galaxia y la democracia open source ↗

Editorial Note

Coded 17 Nov 1978 matches exactly the planned date of Operacion Galaxia. Verified, exact date. First Spain record in the run; Tejero would later lead the 23-F coup attempt of February 1981.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
23011171978

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: The Suarez government and the democratic transition survived; the plot was foiled and the leaders received light sentences.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

Los Angeles Times

“Spain Breaks Up Reported Coup Plot: Army Puts Handful of Right-Wing Military Men and Police Under Arrest,” November 19, 1978

The Observer

“Spain foils army coup,” by William Cemlyn-Jones, November 19, 1978

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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