Coup Atlas Research Database
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62507021976AttemptedRebel coup

Sudan, 1976 — rebel coup attempt

Sudan (SDN)North Africa, AfricaJuly 2, 1976

Event Summary

On 2 July 1976 a force of about one thousand insurgents, armed and trained by Libya and directed by the exiled Umma Party and National Front leader Sadiq al-Mahdi, crossed the desert from bases in Libya and stormed the Sudanese capital in a bid to overthrow President Gaafar Nimeiri. The fighters, drawn largely from Ansar supporters of western Sudan and led on the ground by Muhammad Nour Saad, seized the airport and key points and fought three days of house to house battles in Khartoum and Omdurman that killed some 3,000 people. Their attempt to capture or kill Nimeiri, who rallied the country by radio, failed when a column of army tanks drove into the city and broke the rebels.

The rising, the most serious threat Nimeiri had faced, was crushed within a week. In the brutal aftermath, mass arrests followed and ninety eight people implicated in the plot were executed, drawing international condemnation. The affair, which enraged Sudan against Libya's Gaddafi, paradoxically led to the 1977 National Reconciliation between Nimeiri and his opponents.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Gaafar Nimeiri survived the July 1976 Libyan-backed insurrection after tanks broke the rebels
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Gaafar Nimeiri (president of Sudan, target)
Sadiq al-Mahdi (National Front leader who directed the plot)
Muhammad Nour Saad (field commander, executed)

Sources

On 2 July 1976 a force of one thousand insurgents, followers of Sadiq al-Mahdi armed and trained by Libya, crossed the border from Ma'tan as Sarra and attempted a coup in Khartoum against the government of President Gaafar Nimeiri.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1976 Sudanese coup attempt open source ↗
The force led by Muhammad Nour Saad was defeated after a tank battalion struck into the city following three days of heavy fighting, and the insurgents engaged in house to house fighting in Khartoum and Omdurman that killed some 3,000 people.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1976 Sudanese coup attempt open source ↗
Ninety eight people implicated in the plot, including Muhammad Nour Saad, were summarily executed, drawing worldwide criticism.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Gaafar Nimeiry open source ↗
The coup attempt sparked national resentment against Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and its failure led to a National Reconciliation in 1977 between Nimeiri and Sadiq al-Mahdi.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, 1976 Sudanese coup attempt open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the 2 July 1976 Libyan-backed National Front insurrection. Dataset codes it a rebel coup with leader unharmed, accurate for Nimeiri who was narrowly saved. Extensively documented. Continues the Sudan run; a second 1977 Sudan record (the Juba coup) follows in this batch.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
62507021976
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-625-1976-07-02

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Gaafar Nimeiri survived the July 1976 Libyan-backed insurrection after tanks broke the rebels.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

New York Times

“Sudan, Accusing Libya in U.N., Asks Meeting on Botched Coup,” July 6, 1976

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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