Coup Atlas Research Database
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46108261991AttemptedMilitary coup

Togo, 1991 — military coup attempt

Togo (TGO)West Africa, AfricaAugust 26, 1991

Event Summary

The dataset records an event coded as an attempted military coup in Togo on 26 August 1991 during the fraught national conference that challenged the long rule of President Gnassingbe Eyadema. Swept up in the wave of democratization across Africa after the Cold War, Togo had convened a sovereign national conference in mid 1991 that stripped Eyadema of most of his powers, suspended his RPT party, and named a transitional government under an interim prime minister, Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, reducing the president to a figurehead. Eyadema, however, retained the loyalty of the army, and the transition was violently contested.

In late August 1991, around the culmination of the conference, elements of the military loyal to Eyadema mounted actions against the emerging transitional authority in a bid to reverse the erosion of his power. This and a series of subsequent army interventions, including a bloody assault on the prime minister's office later in 1991, ultimately allowed Eyadema to claw back control, crush the democratic transition, and cling to power. He went on to rule Togo until his death in 2005, after nearly thirty eight years in office.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: President Gnassingbe Eyadema used army loyalty in the August 1991 crisis to reverse the national conference and keep power
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Gnassingbe Eyadema (president of Togo, target)
Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (transitional prime minister)
army units loyal to Eyadema (plotters against the transition)

Sources

Togo convened a sovereign national conference in 1991 that stripped Gnassingbe Eyadema of most powers and named a transitional government under Joseph Kokou Koffigoh.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Gnassingbe Eyadema open source ↗
Eyadema retained the loyalty of the army during the contested transition.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Gnassingbe Eyadema open source ↗
Army interventions in 1991, including an assault on the prime minister's office, allowed Eyadema to reverse the democratic transition.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity, Coups in Togo open source ↗
Eyadema clung to power and ruled Togo until his death in 2005.
SOURCE REVIEWED GlobalSecurity, Coups in Togo open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete documentation of a coup attempt precisely on 26 August 1991 in Togo was found in accessible English sources this session; the entry records the dataset's coding and the verified context of the 1991 national conference crisis and the army's role in reversing the transition, with the specific 26 August event unconfirmed, flagged as context only. Third Togo record in the run, after the September 1986 cross border raid in batch 77.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
46108261991

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: President Gnassingbe Eyadema used army loyalty in the August 1991 crisis to reverse the national conference and keep power.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

Wikipedia

Daily Telegraph

“International: Struggle for power in Togo,” August 28, 1991

Wall Street Journal

“World-Wide,” August 29, 1991

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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