Coup Atlas Research Database
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46111281991AttemptedMilitary coup

Togo, 1991 — military coup attempt

Togo (TGO)West Africa, AfricaNovember 28, 1991

Event Summary

In late November 1991, after the transitional High Council of the Republic voted to ban President Gnassingbe Eyadema's RPT party, soldiers loyal to Eyadema laid siege to the official residence of the transitional prime minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh in Lome, intensifying the military campaign to break the democratic transition. The soldiers demanded that Koffigoh's government be replaced, that the RPT be legalized again, and that the transitional legislature be dissolved, threatening to reduce the city to ashes. Koffigoh appealed to France for military aid, but the French government, a traditional ally of Eyadema, declined to intervene.

Eyadema publicly called on the soldiers to return to barracks and expressed continued trust in Koffigoh while inviting him to negotiate a new national unity government. Following talks, the soldiers lifted the siege after two days, only to promptly resume it. Koffigoh offered to bring Eyadema's supporters into the government but refused to dissolve it, setting the stage for the decisive assault days later.

The November siege was a critical escalation that left Koffigoh cornered and Eyadema ascendant.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh withstood the late-November 1991 siege of his residence but was left cornered
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (transitional prime minister of Togo, target)
Gnassingbe Eyadema (president whose loyal troops laid the siege)
soldiers loyal to Eyadema (plotters)

Sources

After Eyadema's RPT party was banned by the transitional High Council of the Republic in November 1991, soldiers began a siege of Koffigoh's official residence in Lome in late November, demanding his government be replaced and threatening to reduce the city to ashes.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Joseph Kokou Koffigoh open source ↗
Koffigoh called for French military aid, but the French government, traditionally an ally of Eyadema, declined to intervene.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Joseph Kokou Koffigoh open source ↗
Eyadema publicly called on the soldiers to return to barracks and invited Koffigoh to form a new national unity government, and the soldiers lifted the siege after two days before promptly resuming it.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Joseph Kokou Koffigoh open source ↗
Koffigoh offered to include Eyadema supporters in the government but refused to dissolve it, again calling for French aid.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Joseph Kokou Koffigoh open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 28 November 1991 falls within the late-November 1991 siege of Koffigoh's residence following the ban on the RPT. Dataset codes it a military coup with leader unharmed, accurate for Koffigoh at this stage. Well documented. Third of four Togo records in this batch.

Cross-Reference

Datasets agree. At least two of the three reference datasets we check against carry this event, and none of them disagrees about its date or its result.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
46111281991
Albrecht/Koehler/Schutz (CAM) id
CAM-461-1991-11-28-3

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh withstood the late-November 1991 siege of his residence but was left cornered.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

New York Times

“Soldiers abandon coup bid in Togo,” December 1, 1991

The Guardian

“Up to 50 killed as Togolese troops overthrow regime,” November 29, 1991

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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