Coup Atlas Research Database
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93512161988AttemptedAuto-coup

Vanuatu, 1988 — auto-coup attempt

Vanuatu (VUT)Melanesia, OceaniaDecember 16, 1988

Event Summary

The dataset records an event coded as an auto coup, or self coup, in Vanuatu on 16 December 1988 during a severe constitutional crisis that pitted the small Pacific nation's founding prime minister, Father Walter Lini, against President Ati George Sokomanu, who was Lini's own uncle. The crisis grew out of a bitter split within the ruling Vanua'aku Pati and the expulsion of the popular deputy prime minister Barak Sope, whose supporters were removed from parliament. In December 1988 President Sokomanu, siding with the opposition, moved to dissolve parliament and swore in an interim government headed by Sope, in an attempt to force out Lini, an action Lini's government denounced as an unconstitutional coup.

But Lini, backed by the courts and the security forces, prevailed: Sokomanu's dissolution was ruled illegal, and the president, Sope, and several others were arrested and convicted of seditious conspiracy and incitement to mutiny, though the convictions were later overturned on appeal. Lini remained prime minister, and Sokomanu was removed from the presidency, a rare constitutional showdown in an independent island microstate.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Prime Minister Walter Lini defeated President Sokomanu's December 1988 attempt to dissolve parliament and force him out
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Walter Lini (prime minister of Vanuatu, target)
Ati George Sokomanu (president who tried to force Lini out)
Barak Sope (expelled deputy premier at the center of the crisis)

Sources

Walter Lini was the founding prime minister of Vanuatu and led the country through its post independence politics.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Walter Lini open source ↗
A 1988 constitutional crisis pitted Prime Minister Walter Lini against President Ati George Sokomanu amid a split in the ruling Vanua'aku Pati and the expulsion of deputy Barak Sope.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Ati George Sokomanu open source ↗
In December 1988 President Sokomanu attempted to dissolve parliament and swore in an interim government headed by Barak Sope, which Lini's government treated as unconstitutional.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Ati George Sokomanu open source ↗
Sokomanu, Sope, and others were arrested and convicted of offenses including seditious conspiracy, though the convictions were later overturned on appeal, and Lini remained in office.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Ati George Sokomanu open source ↗

Editorial Note

Dataset date 16 December 1988 corresponds to the Sokomanu Lini constitutional crisis. Dataset codes it an auto coup with leader unharmed; the label fits the presidential attempt to dissolve parliament and install an interim government against the sitting prime minister. Well documented as a constitutional crisis, though fine detail on the exact day is lightly sourced this session. First Vanuatu record in the dataset run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
93512161988

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Prime Minister Walter Lini defeated President Sokomanu's December 1988 attempt to dissolve parliament and force him out.

Baseline coding: Coup attempt failed to remove the incumbent. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

Toronto Star

“New PM, supporters arrested in Vanuatu,” December 19, 1988

Boston Globe

“Disputed president charged in Vanuatu,” December 21, 1988

The Guardian

“Vanuatu President on mutiny charge,” December 22, 1988

South China Morning Post

“Interim Vanuatu premier arrested,” December 19, 1988
“Rebel President held for inciting Vanuatu mutiny,” December 22, 1988

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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