Coup Atlas Research Database
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31012311946ConspiracyMilitary coup

Hungary, 1946 — military coup conspiracy

Hungary (HUN)Eastern Europe, EuropeDecember 31, 1946

Event Summary

In the last days of December 1946 the communist-controlled Military-Political Department of the Hungarian Defence Ministry, headed by the communist General Gyorgy Palffy, carried out a wave of arrests that launched the affair known as the Conspiracy Against the Republic, the first great show-trial fabrication used by the Hungarian Communist Party to break the majority Independent Smallholders' Party. The Smallholders had won 57 percent in the November 1945 election, but under Soviet pressure they governed in a coalition in which the communists held the Interior Ministry. From 14 to 16 December 1946 Palffy's department arrested the general staff figure Istvan Szent-Miklosy and Janos Hider, and on 20 December the Smallholders' organizing secretary Balint Arany, on charges of conspiracy.

On 5 January 1947 the Interior Ministry publicly announced the discovery of a conspiracy against the republic aimed at overthrowing the democratic system. The fabricated affair, exploiting a minor anti-communist intrigue among former resistance figures, was used to arrest hundreds of Smallholders, strip the party of its parliamentary majority, kidnap secretary-general Bela Kovacs, and ultimately force Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy into exile in mid-1947, a decisive step in the communist salami-tactics takeover.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: The Smallholders' Party and Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy were the targets; the affair broke the party and helped install communist domination
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Ferenc Nagy (Smallholder prime minister of Hungary, ultimate target)
Gyorgy Palffy (communist head of the Military-Political Department)
Bela Kovacs (Smallholders' secretary-general, kidnapped by Soviet forces)
Matyas Rakosi (communist leader directing salami tactics)

Sources

From 14 to 16 December 1946 the Military-Political Department of the Defence Ministry, headed by the communist Gyorgy Palffy, arrested Istvan Szent-Miklosy and Janos Hider, and on 20 December Balint Arany, accusing them of conspiracy to compromise and fragment the Smallholders' Party.
SOURCE REVIEWED rev.hu, Hungary 1945-1953 chronology open source ↗
On 5 January 1947 the Interior Ministry announced the discovery of a conspiracy against the republic aimed at overthrowing the democratic system, naming principal accused including Gyorgy Donath and Istvan Szent-Miklosy.
SOURCE REVIEWED rev.hu, Hungary 1945-1953 chronology open source ↗
A US cable from Budapest dated 31 December 1946 reported that within the previous five days a large number of arrests had been made by the communist-headed KAPO, giving the first impression of a purge to eliminate elements friendly to the West.
SOURCE REVIEWED U.S. State Department, FRUS 1946 vol. VI open source ↗
The communists used the fabricated plot to arrest hundreds of Smallholders, deprive the party of its parliamentary majority, and force Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy into exile in mid-1947.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia, Independent Smallholders Party open source ↗

Editorial Note

Date match to the wave of arrests in the final days of December 1946 that launched the Conspiracy Against the Republic affair; the US cable reporting the arrests is itself dated 31 December 1946. Well documented. Dataset codes it a military coup conspiracy, reflecting the involvement of army general staff figures in the alleged plot. First Hungary record in the dataset run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
31012311946

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: The Smallholders' Party and Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy were the targets; the affair broke the party and helped install communist domination.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

CSP

Named in the baseline source document; no article citation was recorded.

New York Times

“HUNGARY REPORTS PLOT TO RESTORE HORTHY TO POWER HUNGARY REPORTS PROHORTHY PLOT Interior Minister,” by Albion Ross, January 5, 1947

Washington Post

“Reds arrest 55 in alleged Hungary plot,’ January 5, 1947

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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