Coup Atlas Research Database
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64506081978ConspiracyMilitary coup

Iraq, 1978 — military coup conspiracy

Iraq (IRQ)Western Asia, AsiaJune 8, 1978

Event Summary

This entry is coded 8 June 1978, during Saddam Hussein's anti-communist crackdown as he consolidated power within Baathist Iraq ahead of formally assuming the presidency in 1979. With President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr in declining health, Saddam had become the effective leader of the Iraqi Baath Party by the late 1970s. In 1978 he initiated an anti-communist campaign, partly to test where the loyalties of leftists lay, whether with Baathism or with socialism, and moved against the Iraqi Communist Party, whose officials were increasingly imprisoned, executed, or driven abroad.

One account records that on 31 May 1978 more than twenty communists were executed. The Baathist regime, which had also faced unsuccessful attempts by military officers to overthrow it during the 1970s, treated Communist organizing within the armed forces as a capital offense. The June 1978 coding sits in this 1978 crackdown on communists and suspected disloyal officers, close to the late-May executions.

Researched Details

Researched

Independent research, added record by record. Hover any label for what it means.

Target identified in Coup Atlas research: Saddam consolidated power through the crackdown and formally took the presidency in July 1979
RESEARCHED NAME
Key figures
Saddam Hussein (vice president and effective leader)
Iraqi Communist Party members and leftist officers (targets)
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (ailing president)

Sources

Before making himself de jure head of state, Saddam initiated an anti-communist campaign, and he had initiated a similar campaign in 1978 to check where the loyalties of certain left-wingers were, Baathism or socialism.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Ba'athist Iraq open source ↗
On 31 May 1978, more than 20 communists were executed as Saddam declared the Baath Party the leading force in state and society and banned other parties.
SOURCE REVIEWED ouriraq.org: From an Intended Socialist Republic to Saddam's Dictatorship open source ↗
During the 1970s, military officers unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the Baathist regime on at least two occasions.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Ba'athist Iraq open source ↗
By the end of 1977, al-Bakr had little control over the country through his office as president, leaving Saddam as the effective leader ahead of his formal accession in 1979.
SOURCE REVIEWED Wikipedia: Ba'athist Iraq open source ↗

Editorial Note

No discrete plot is precisely dated 8 Jun 1978 in the sources located this session; the coding sits in the 1978 anti-communist crackdown (with the located executions dated 31 May 1978) as Saddam tested officer and leftist loyalties and moved against communist organizing in the army. Context/verified as the documented 1978 crackdown. First Iraq record in the run.

Cross-Reference

Only one dataset carries it. One of the three reference datasets we check against carries this event; the others do not list it. That is not a contradiction — the datasets cover different periods and use different thresholds — but it means the record has had less outside corroboration.

Identifiers for finding this same event in the other datasets:

Cline Center id
64506081978

How the match is made is described in crossref-report.md.

Outcome and Target

Coup Atlas research identifies the target as: Saddam consolidated power through the crackdown and formally took the presidency in July 1979.

Baseline coding: Plot discovered and disrupted before execution. Recorded leader fate: remained in office; not physically harmed. The baseline file does not name individual targets; researched names are kept in a separate layer.

Baseline Dataset Citation

Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset, v2.2.2
Peyton, Buddy, Joseph Bajjalieh, Michael Martin, and Andrea Gerald. 2026. Cline Center Coup d’État Project Dataset. Cline Center for Advanced Social Research. V.2.2.2. February 17. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. doi: 10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V10
⚑ This citation establishes the coded baseline record; use the claim-level sources above for the researched narrative.

Baseline Source-Document Entries

The Christian Science Monitor

“Iraq Takes Moscow To Task: Military Plot Prompts Arrest Of Communists,” byJohnK.Cooley, June 13, 1978

The Globe and Mail

“Iraq Foiled Communist Plot, Diplomats Assert,” June 12, 1978

The Jerusalem Post

“Showdown May Follow Crackdown: Gallows Cast Long Shadow On Soviet-IraqTies,”by an ansa fida, June 12, 1978

New York Times

“Iraq Cool to Soviet After Report of Communist Plot,” by Ihasan A. Hijazi, June 11, 1978

This is the citation trail carried by the baseline dataset, grouped by outlet and rejoined from the line-wrapped original. Coup Atlas has not independently re-checked every document; read the original before citing a specific claim. URLs the import damaged beyond safe repair are shown as plain text and listed in citations-report.md. How this list is built →

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